环境因子及药物对牙鲆盾纤类纤毛虫病病原纤毛虫的影响

报道了牙鲆寄生盾纤类纤毛虫病病原形态，温度，盐度、ｐＨ值对病原纤毛虫的影响，药物筛选，试验结果表明，该纤毛虫适宜生长的温度为１５￣２０℃、盐度３０￣３５‰，ｐＨ值４－６。外用药如：福尔马林，高锰酸钾，卤素类消毒剂以及淡水支该纤毛虫有较好的杀灭作用。     

Intra- and interspecies comparison of energy flow in North Atlantic flatfish species by means of dynamic energy budgets

The quantitative aspects of growth and reproduction in four flatfish species (plaice, flounder, dab, sole) in terms of energy flow are described on the basis of a dynamic energy budget (DEB theory). This theory consists of general assumptions about energy uptake, storage and utilisation and describes an individual by two state variables: structure and reserve, whereby body size exerts its influence through the ratio between surface area and volume. Comparison between model estimates and field data shows that the DEB model successfully describes the energetics of growth and reproduction in a number of flatfish species. Differences between species could be captured in the same model using different parameter values. Intraspecific differences in growth between males and females are mainly caused by differences in maximum surface area-specific ingestion rates. Differences between species are reflected in the surface area-specific maximum ingestion rate, the energy partitioning over growth and reproduction, and in egg volume. According to these parameters at 283 K (10°C), the species could be ranked as follows: surface area-specific maximum ingestion rate (W m⁻²) plaice: 56.6; flounder: 54.5; sole: 45.1 and dab: 36.1 W m⁻². Fraction of energy allocated to reproduction (–): flounder: 0.35; plaice: 0.15; dab: 0.15 and sole 0.10. As a consequence of these differences in surface area-specific maximum ingestion rate and in the fraction of utilised energy allocated to reproduction, the gonad masses (g) of females of 0.5 kg wet mass differ considerably: flounder: 149 g; plaice: 86 g; sole: 70 g; and dab: 69 g. However, due to differences in egg size between species, the potential annual egg production shows a completely different pattern: dab: 2200 10³; flounder: 1560 10³; sole: 343 10³ and plaice: 130 10³ eggs.