Mechanism of cadmium resistance and adsorption of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11

The mechanism of cadmium resistance of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11 isolated from mine soil was investigated. We found that the yeast cells treated with different methods showed different cadmium-adsorption models. Grown in medium supplied with 100 mg/L of cadmium, 3.29% of the cell-absorbed cadmium was accounted in the cytoplasm. However, only 1% was taken into the cytoplasm and 99% was bound to the cell wall using the lyophilized biomass to adsorb cadmium in double distilled water. Treatments with alkali, ethanol-chloroform and proteinase showed different influences on the biosorption of whole cells and isolated cell walls. FT-IR analysis showed that acetyl of chitin was the active compound in the cells to absorb cadmium. The production of Metallothioneins, proteins related to the resistance to heavy metal in yeast, was evidently induced by cadmium, achieving 638.8 μg/g wet weight, which was about 85 folds higher than that in the uninduced biomass and was also much higher than that reported previously. The molecular weight of Metallothioneins was 6500 Da estimated by SDS-PAGE.     

黑龙江鸡西早白垩世侧羽叶一新种-城子河侧羽叶 (Pterophyllum chengzihense sp.nov.)

根据产于黑龙江鸡西早白垩世城子河组一种侧羽叶属(Pterophyllum)植物化石的外形特征及表皮构造研究,确认该种属于本内苏铁类(Bennettitales)植物,并有别于其他植物类群。据此,新建一新种—城子河侧羽叶(新种)Pterophyllumchengzihensesp.nov.,并讨论了该新种在研究中国东北地区早白垩世植物化石中的意义。     

A New Genus of Psittacosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) and the Origin and Early Evolution of Marginocephalian Dinosaurs

An almost complete juvenile dinosaur skull with lower jaw was discovered from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. Here, the specimen is described and a cladistic analysis is performed in order to find its phylogenetic relationships. The result shows that this specimen represents a new genus of Psittacosauridae, Hongshanosaurus houi, gen. et sp. nov., and confirms the monophyletic status for Ceratopsia and Marginocephalia. However, Heterodontosaurus is found to be the sister taxon to Marginocephalia, rather than a basal Omithopoda.     

环境因子对Synechocystis sp.钙化动力学的影响

蓝藻钙化普遍发生于淡水和盐水环境,对叠层石的形成和碳循环有重要意义。本文模拟研究了pH值、光照强度、水动力、温度等环境因子对Synechocystis sp．藻类钙化动力学的影响。实验表明,pH值为7．5的弱碱环境和一定强度的水动力条件有利于Synechocystis sp．的钙化,过低或过高的水动力都不利于钙化;在5、15和25℃三个梯度范围内,温度为25℃时有利于钙化,且钙化速率与生物量密切相关;3000 lux的光照强度下,Synechocystis sp．钙化速率最大,更高的强度下钙化速率反而急剧下降,低浓度钙离子发生的钙化作用以生物钙化为主,高浓度下以生物引发的物理化学钙化为主。     

谷氨酸铜和表面活性剂协同灭除亚历山大藻的研究

对一种新的赤潮杀灭剂谷氨酸铜及促进剂阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDT-MAB)进行了初步研究.比较了硫酸铜及谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻的去除效果;结果表明,谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻的灭杀效率优于硫酸铜,谷氨酸铜可明显抑制亚历山大藻细胞的生长,但抑制作用并不随谷氨酸铜浓度加大而增强,HDTAMB可明显促进谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻的去除,且促进作用基本随着HDTMAB浓度的提高而增强.对谷氨酸铜和HDTMAB杀灭赤潮的机制进行了初步探讨;研究发现,谷氨酸铜可促使藻细胞MDA含量升高,并使巯基含量下降,且在谷氨酸铜和HDT-MAB复合作用下,膜脂过氧化水平大大高于单纯谷氨酸铜作用下的水平,细胞中巯基含量显著降低,细胞膜透性增大,这表明谷氨酸铜和HDTMAB杀灭赤潮的机制是使藻细胞膜受到损伤,进而抑制藻细胞生长.     

Changes of proteins in the Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp.cultured under UV-B radiation stress

1 IntroductionAntarctic ice m icroalga Chlamydomonas sp., akind ofgreen algae in the Antarctic sea ice, playsavery important role in Antarctic ecological environm ents.Antarctic“ozonehole”enhancesthesolarUVradiationarrivingatseaiceandcontinent. M anyphy…     

氮、磷比对两种赤潮藻生长特性的影响及藻间竞争作用

研究了两种赤潮藻即假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasleet Heimdalh)和裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)在不同氮磷比培养条件下的生长特性和藻间竞争作用,探讨了氮磷含量及其比值对赤潮爆发的影响机理.结果表明,在N/P=16条件下,假微型海链藻的最大比增长率最高、相对生长常数最大、平均倍增时间最短,叶绿素a含量最高,说明该N/P值是假微型海链藻最佳生长营养盐条件.对裸甲藻而言,N/P=6是其最佳生长的营养盐条件.叶绿素a含量受N/P值的影响和藻细胞密度所受的影响趋势基本一致.不同N/P值对藻间竞争作用和群落演替的总体影响不明显,都呈现先硅藻后甲藻的群落演替规律.裸甲藻可能具有利用体内磷来维持生长的特点.     

甲醛溶液对发头裸腹溞及其体表聚缩虫影响的试验

不同浓度的甲醛溶液对枝角类发头裸腹溲Ｍｏｄｉｎａｉｒｒａｓａ的致毒效应以及对其体表附着的聚缩虫Ｚｏｏｔｈａｍｉｕｍｓｐ．的杀灭效果的试验结果表明,１２ｈ、２４ｈ两俱和用时段中,甲醛浓度与发头裸腹溲相对存活率之间以及甲醛浓度与发头裸腹溲体表聚缩虫营养体脱落率之间存在一定的函数关系。     

Using stable isotopes to quantify water sources for trees and shrubs in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem in flood and drought years

Riparian cottonwood forests in dry regions of western North America do not typically receive sufficient growing season precipitation to completely support their relatively high transpiration requirements. Water used in transpiration by riparian ecosystems must include alluvial groundwater or water stored in the potentially large reservoir of the unsaturated soil zone. We used the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of stem xylem water to evaluate water sources used by the dominant riparian cottonwood (Populus spp.) trees and shrubs (Shepherdia argentea and Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in Lethbridge, Alberta, during 3 years of contrasting environmental conditions. Cottonwoods did not exclusively take up alluvial groundwater but made extensive use of water sourced from the unsaturated soil zone. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of cottonwood stem water did not strongly overlap with those of alluvial groundwater, which were closely associated with the local meteoric water line. Instead, cottonwood stem water δ¹⁸O and δ²H values were located below the local meteoric water line, forming a line with a low slope that was indicative of water exposed to evaporative enrichment of heavy isotopes. In addition, cottonwood xylem water isotope compositions had negative values of deuterium excess (d‐excess) and line‐conditioned (deuterium) excess (lc‐excess), both of which provided evidence that water taken up by the cottonwoods had been exposed to fractionation during evaporation. The shrub species had lower values of d‐excess and lc‐excess than had the cottonwood trees due to shallower rooting depths, and the d‐excess values declined during the growing season, as shallow soil water that was taken up by the plants was exposed to increasing, cumulative evaporative enrichment. The apparent differences in functional rooting pattern between cottonwoods and the shrub species, strongly influenced the ratio of net photosynthesis to stomatal conductance (intrinsic water‐use efficiency), as shown by variation among species in the δ¹³C values of leaf tissue.     

温度对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)生长及胞外有机物产生的影响

以巢湖优势种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)为研究对象,研究不同温度(35、25和10℃)对这两种藻生长特性和胞外有机物产生的影响.结果表明,温度对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻的藻细胞密度、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外有机物浓度影响显著.25℃是铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度分别达到3.12×107cells/ml和2.03×107 cells/ml.不同温度下两种藻的碱性磷酸酶活性特征,证实了高温对鱼腥藻生长的抑制和低温对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制.胞外有机物释放总量受蓝藻生物量和单位细胞有机物释放速率的影响.铜绿微囊藻的溶解性有机碳和胞外总多糖释放量在25℃最高,最大值分别为49.28和38.46 mg/L;而鱼腥藻在35℃时释放量最高,最大值分别为45.82和40.60 mg/L;10℃条件抑制了两种藻的生长及胞外有机物的释放.鱼腥藻胞外多糖含量在35℃培养条件下最高,而铜绿微囊藻在10℃条件下最高,说明不利的生长条件会促进蓝藻胞外多糖的分泌.三维荧光图谱分析结果表明,铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻胞外有机物以类蛋白质和类腐殖酸为主,温度主要影响藻细胞胞外有机物浓度,而对有机物种类组成没有影响.