绒螯蟹凝集素的红细胞凝集活性分析

利用血凝试验及糖抑制试验测定一种绒螯蟹的血清及肌肉提取液的凝血活性及糖抑制专一性,同时进行热稳定性、pH及Ca^2 影响试验。结果显示：血清只能凝集9种红细胞,肌肉提取液能凝集12种红细胞。血清对鹌鹁红细胞的凝集可被乳糖、D-甘露糖、D-果糖、D-半乳糖4种糖所抑制,最小抑制浓度均为200mmol／L,其凝集活性均依赖于Ca^2 ,在pH为6．0～7.0范围内较稳定,经50℃保温10min后活性完全消失。肌肉提取液只被D-甘露糖抑制,在pH为4．0～10．0、温度为4℃～90℃范围内均具活性,说明有很强的耐热性,其凝集活性不依赖于Ca。以上结果表明：血清与肌肉提取液均含有凝集素,且凝集素的种类不同。     

苹果果实轮纹病及其防治

果实轮纹病的病原菌主要是苹果轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana贝伦格葡萄座腔菌梨生专化型和B.berengerana f.sp.piricola贝伦格葡萄座腔菌),苹果果实轮纹病是目前危害最大的果实病害之一。本文综述了苹果果实轮纹病的发生机制及其防治方法。     

扇形游仆虫对细菌及小球藻摄食的初步探讨

选用大肠杆菌及小球藻投喂海洋腹毛目纤毛虫扇形游仆虫 ,对其摄食习性、种群自然增长率及其间的能量转化进行了观察和探讨。结果显示 :游仆虫摄食细菌和小球藻的种群自然增长率分别为 0 .6 4 /d和 0 .37/d,其能量转化率分别为 4 4 .2 %和 2 1.6 % ;在适宜密度的细菌和小球藻存在条件下 ,游仆虫能迅速形成较高的增长率 ,而不出现明显的诱发生长期。     

Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of proteins extracted from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium</Emphasis> sp. LC3

Two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) of protein extracted and purified from Alexandrium sp. LC3 was conducted. In the SDS-PAGE study, the relative molecular weights of the proteins were mainly in the range of 14 kDa?31 kDa and 43 kDa?66 kDa, and more proteins were detected between 14 kDa and 31 kDa. With the improved protein preparation, the two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns indicated that the relative molecular weights of the proteins were between 14 kDa and 100 kDa, and most of them ranged from 14 kDa to 31 kDa. This was consistent with the result of the SDS-PAGE analysis. The isoelectric points were found to lie between 3.0 and 8.0, and most of them were in the range of 3.0?6.0. Better separation effect was acquired with pre-prepared immobilized gradient (IPG) strip (pH 3?5.6), and about 320 protein spots could be visualized on the 2-DE map by staining. Within pH 3?10 and pH 3?5.6 strips, the protein samples of Alexandrium sp. LC3 could be separated well.     

小球藻EC04产胞内多糖条件优化及抗氧化活性研究

小球藻胞内多糖等活性物质具有多种重要生物活性和生理功能。为提高小球藻EC04胞内多糖的产率, 采用单因素实验和L₉(3 ⁴)正交实验优化对其培养条件进行优化。在暗光比12∶12、温度24±1℃和2000Lux光照条件下, EC04产胞内多糖的最佳条件为: MgSO₄·7H₂O浓度112.5mg·L ^-1, K₂HPO₄浓度60mg·L ^-1, NaNO₃浓度1.2g·L ^-1, 维生素B₁浓度0.5mg·L ^-1, 维生素B₁₂浓度0.1μg·L ^-1。在此条件下, EC04产糖率为271.74mg·g ^-1, 细胞密度为48.027×10 ⁶cells·mL ^-1, 与基础培养基相比分别提高了97.49%和34.91%。添加VB₁、VB₁₂等也在不同程度上影响小球藻胞内多糖产率。对所提取胞内多糖进行抗氧化活性初探, 结果表明其具有一定的自由基的清除能力, 对DPPH·(1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)和·OH(羟自由基)的最大清除率分别达到了82.32%和64.27%。     

环境因子对南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13多糖合成关键酶UGD基因表达的影响

以南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13为材料,采用实时定量PCR的方法研究了温度、冻融循环及培养基中NaCl、葡萄糖含量和pH对多糖合成关键酶基因ugd表达水平的影响。结果表明,低温有利于ugd的表达,在2℃和10℃培养温度下,培养24h后ugd的表达量约为20℃时的4倍;冻融循环后,ugd的表达量上调,第2个冻融循环后ugd的表达量较对照提高了6.85倍;NaCl对ugd的影响表现为低促高抑,即NaCl含量为6.0%时ugd的表达量是对照(3.0%)的3.97倍,但含量达9.0%时ugd表达量仅为对照的2/5;葡萄糖能够提高ugd的表达量,当含量为2.0%时ugd表达量为对照的13.68倍;在一定范围内(pH5.0—8.0),pH的改变会促进ugd的表达,当pH为6.0时ugd表达量约为pH7.0时的2.15倍。     

Influence of the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus on the growth and interspecies competition of two red tide algae

The growth and interspecies competition of two red tide algal species Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal and Gymnodinium sp.were studied under different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus,and the algal batch culture experiments were conducted.The physiological and biochemical indexes were measured periodically,including the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate,average double time and chlorophyll a concentration.The results showed that when the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 16:1,the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate and chlorophyll a concentration of Thalassiosira pseudonana all reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest.This implied that the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Thalassiosira pseudonana is 16:1.When the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 6:1,the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate and the chlorophyll a concentration of Gymnodinium sp.reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest,so the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Gymnodinium sp.is 6:1.From the growth curves as indicated both in the cell density and the chlorophyll a concentration,it is suggested that the influence of concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus on the chlorophyll a concentration and the cell density are almost the same.Different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus had weak influence on community succession and the competition between the two algae.Gymnodinium sp.may use the phosphorus in vivo for growth,so it is important to pay attention to the concealment of phosphorus,in order to avoid the outbreak of red tide.On the basis of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus and the ratio of their concentration,the possible outbreak mechanism of red tide of the two algae was also discussed.     

拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血卵涡鞭虫病的流行病学分析

为解析拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血卵涡鞭虫病的流行病学特征,于2012年4—11月采用跟踪监测和实地调查的方法,结合病原分离鉴定及病蟹的病理学观察,统计分析了浙江省温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的流行情况。结果表明,患病拟穴青蟹的肝胰腺、肌肉、鳃等组织病理显示有大量血卵涡鞭虫侵染,并能用PCR方法快速检出。温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病在每年5—11月均有发生,7—9月为集中发病时间,死亡高峰出现于8—9月之间,年份间(2010—2012)与发病率无相关性,而不同月份对病害的发生有极显著影响(P0.01)。不同发育阶段以脱壳期的发病率相对较高,发病蟹的规格主要以50g以下的幼蟹和250g以上的成蟹为主。拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的发生与水温(r=0.756)和盐度(r=0.631)变化关系较密切,夏、秋季节受梅雨、台风影响而引起水温和盐度的剧烈变化可能是暴发血卵涡鞭虫病的诱发因素。     

一株抗植物致病真菌的深海霉菌的鉴定和活性成分理化性质分析

从印度洋深海底泥中分离到一株真菌S2915,经ITS基因序列分析及显微形态观察,鉴定S2915为支顶孢属Acremonium sp.真菌.其发酵液对5株植物致病真菌有明显的抑制作用.经硫酸铵沉淀后的抗菌活性分析,可以初步判断该抗菌活性成分为蛋白类物质,且最佳硫酸铵饱和浓度为70％(m/m).初步分析了该抗菌粗蛋白的理化性质,结果表明,该活性物质具有很好的耐热性,经60、80、100℃甚至121℃处理后,活性均无明显差异;耐强酸强碱,在pH值为2～12范围内活性不受影响;紫外照射0～12h及用蛋白酶K、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶处理后,活性均没有减弱;但对多种有机溶剂比较敏感,经三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醚和丙酮处理后,抗菌活性受到不同程度的抑制,其抑制率分别为35％、25.7％、22.9％、12.9％.证明该抗菌活性物质高效、稳定,可用于抗真菌农药的开发应用.     

Enhanced Carotenoid Production by a Mutant of the Marine Yeast Rhodotorula sp. hidai

1 Introduction In recent years, carotenoids have received increasing attention as they have extensive use in medicine, cosmetic, chemistry, food industry and feed industry. In industry, carotenoid and astaxanthin can be used as the additives of food or feeds. Carotenoids can also serve as the precursor of vitamin A in mammals. In recent years, many types of carotenoid have aroused extensive interest because of their many beneficial effects on human health. For in-stance, lycopene and astaxant…