Metabolic and physiological regulation of Chlorella sp.(Trebouxiophyceae,Chlorophyta) under nitrogen deprivation

A freshwater green microalgae Chlorella sp., UMACC344 was shown to produce high lipid content and has the potential to be used as feedstock for biofuel production. In this study, photosynthetic effciency, biochemical pro?les and non-targeted metabolic pro?ling were studied to compare between the nitrogen-replete and deplete conditions. Slowed growth, change in photosynthetic pigments and lowered photosynthetic effciency were observed in response to nitrogen deprivation. Biochemical pro?les of the cultures showed an increased level of carbohydrate, lipids and total fatty acids, while the total soluble protein content was lowered. A trend of fatty acid saturation was observed in the nitrogen-deplete culture with an increase in the level of saturated fatty acids especially C16:0 and C18:0, accompanied by a decrease in proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fifty-nine metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, phytochemical compounds, vitamins and cofactors were signi?cantly dysregulated and annotated in this study. Pathway mapping analysis revealed a rewiring of metabolic pathways in the cells, particularly purine, carotenoid, nicotinate and nicotinamide, and amino acid metabolisms. Within the treatment period of nitrogen deprivation, the key processes involved were reshu ? ing of nitrogen from proteins and photosynthetic machinery, together with carbon repartitioning in carbohydrates and lipids.     

中国碱蓬属植物修订

本文对《中国植物志》藜科(Chenopodiaceae)碱蓬属(Suaeda Forsk. ex Scop.)长期存在的分类错误进行了纠正。将其中的高碱蓬S. altissima (L.) Pall.合并入碱蓬S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge,纵翅碱蓬S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bunge合并入刺毛碱蓬S. acuminata (C.A. Mey.) Moq.,同时增加了垦利碱蓬(新种)S. kenliensis J. W. Xing sp. nov。由此将中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物从原来的20种,变更为19种。并重新修订了中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的分种检索表,使中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的系统分类更趋于完善,为《中国植物志》的修订和碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物分类及其深入研究与开发利用提供了依据。     

海洋芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. CAMT22370所产葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化与表征

前期筛选获得一株海洋源Bacillussp.CAMT22370高产葡萄糖氧化酶菌株,本研究进一步通过离子交换及分子筛层析使Bacillus sp. CAMT22370葡萄糖氧化酶纯化了2.12倍,酶活得率32.37%,比活力达到8.47 U/mg,分子质量约为50 kDa。酶学特性研究表明,此酶在低温下有较好的催化活性,最适温度为30℃,超过30℃时酶活迅速下降, 45℃保温2 h活力降至75%左右;最适pH为6.0,在5.0以下和7.0以上时酶活迅速降低, 9.0时损失35%; Ca~(2+)和Mn~(2+)有明显激活作用, Na~+和Zn~(2+)有轻微激活作用, K~+和Mg~(2+)对酶活无显著影响,而Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)对酶活有明显抑制作用,酶动力学参数Vmax及Km值分别为26.85 (μmol/(L·min))和109.26 (μmol/(L·min)),以上酶学特性与现有酶制剂存在明显不同,研究结果为该葡萄糖氧化酶的开发利用奠定了初步基础。     

栅藻全转录组测序与类胡萝卜素合成途径相关基因分析

栅藻(Desmodesmus sp.)是一种能产生重要次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的海洋绿藻,为了深入了解栅藻类胡萝卜素代谢途径及关键酶基因,本研究通过Illumina高通量测序平台对栅藻进行转录组测序.利用Trinity软件对转录组数据进行从头组装,共获得37 634个Unigenes,经过与Nt、Nr、Swiss、Prot、KEGG、COG、GO数据库比对,共有23 235个Unigenes获得注释.GO分类中(level 2)注释最多的分别是代谢过程(metabolic process),细胞组分(cell part)和催化活性(catalytic activity),与KEGG数据库比对发现14 123个Unigenes与128条代谢途径相对应.根据组装和注释的转录组结果,鉴定了栅藻中与类胡萝卜素生物合成途径相关的基因,构建了栅藻类胡萝卜素代谢途径,获得的栅藻转录组数据有利于进一步研究类胡萝卜素代谢途径中相关基因的功能及调控.     

Pseudomonas sp.在杀菌剂耐受条件下对X70管线钢的腐蚀行为研究

本研究选用一株野生型Pseudomonas sp.为试验菌株,选用X70管线钢作为代表性金属材料,通过细菌生长曲线测定、腐蚀失重测量、扫描电镜（SEM）观察等方法,初步研究在杀菌剂四羟甲基硫酸磷（THPS）耐受条件下Pseudomonas sp.对X70管线钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,75 μL/L的THPS浓度在Pseudomonas sp.的耐受范围内,而且能够轻微促进X70试片表面的腐蚀;不添加THPS的含菌体系中Pseudomonas sp.能抑制X70试片表面的腐蚀;而在添加了75 μL/L THPS的含菌体系中,Pseudomonas sp.显著促进X70试片的腐蚀,并且试片表面附着的细菌数量相比于无杀菌剂的对照体系有所增加。因此,该研究表明在特定浓度范围内,与没有添加杀菌剂的含菌体系相比,杀菌剂THPS使Pseudomonas sp.从抑制腐蚀改变为促进腐蚀。     

Effects of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+.     

湛江海域6种常见经济海藻的营养成分分析

分析采自湛江海域的粗枝软骨藻Chondria crassicaulis、日本沙菜Hypnea japonica、鱼栖菜Acanthophora sp、芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii、平卧松藻Codium repens、网地藻Dictyota dichotoma等6种经济海藻的营养成分。结果表明:碳水化合物是这些海藻的主要营养成分,占藻体干重的42.81%～66.11%,平均为55.93%;粗蛋白含量6.63%～11.13%;粗脂肪含量最低,除网地藻D.dichotoma(2.85%)外,其余5种皆不足藻体干重的1%;粗纤维和灰分含量在种间差别较大;矿物质含量丰富,其中磷、铁和锌分别在平卧松藻C.repens、网地藻D.dichotoma和鱼栖菜Acanthophora中占藻体干重的0.093%、0.13%和0.0055%;氨基酸含量较高,其中Thr、Val、Ile、Leu、Phe几种必需氨基酸的含量均高于FAO标准;不少种类中汞、镉、铅、砷等含量超出我国食品卫生标准。海藻体内的营养成分含量因海藻种类和生长海域的不同而有差异。     

海月水母水螅体附着选择性研究

通过室内实验研究了海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)浮浪幼虫在活体牡蛎、牡蛎壳、扇贝壳、波纹板、网衣(200μm)、PV管等材料上的附着选择性和水螅体在竹竿和水泥块上的增殖问题。实验表明,浮浪幼虫对人工材料(波纹板、网衣、PV管)具有偏好性,附着密度较大;水平放置的附着材料底部附着更多的水螅体。水螅体可以通过无性繁殖方式在新的栖息地形成水螅体种群,种群扩张过程中存在密度限制,较低密度时水螅体种群增长较快,高密度时水螅体种群增长较慢。作者认为,日益增加的海洋废弃物(塑料、玻璃、木材),以及海底构造物(海水养殖筏、海洋工程)为水螅体提供了更多的附着表面,这有利于水螅体栖息地的扩张,形成更大的水螅体种群。     

细胞生长时期对两种海洋微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

报道海洋微藻后棘藻 (Ellipsoidion sp.7- 14)和眼点拟微球藻 (N annochloropsis oculata)细胞生长时期对细胞内总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明 ,两种微藻的总脂均在稳定期含量最高 ,分别占干重的 54.5%和 4 3.3% ,而 EPA、ω- 3多不饱和脂肪酸和总 PUFA的最高比例均出现在对数早期 ,EPA占总脂肪酸的比例可分别高达 2 7.3%和 2 7.7% ,同时总脂的含量却最低 ,分别占干重的 2 2 .9%和 2 2 .0 %。在生长对数期中 EPA是脂肪酸的主要成分 ,而在稳定期中16∶ 0、16∶ 1ω9和 18∶ 1ω9是脂肪酸的主要成分。     

温度、盐度及光照强度对海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)生长的影响

报道了温度、盐度、光照对海洋硅藻海链藻生长的影响。结果表明 ,海链藻的适应温度范围比较广 ,从9～27℃都可维持正常生长 ,15～21℃为其适温范围 ;在盐度15～35范围内 ,盐度对海链藻的影响不大 ,在盐度为20时 ,海链藻获得最大的生长率;此外 ,海链藻具有广泛的光适应性 ,在7.5～90μmol/(m2·s)的光照范围内均可正常生长,并随着光强的增加生长率不断提高