台湾海峡1997～1998年夏汛中上层鱼类中心渔场的变动与表层水温的关系浅析

针对台湾海峡中上层鱼类中心渔场的变动问题,通过对1997－1998年夏汛期间AVHRR遥感表层水温（SST）的分析,发现相应于北部和西南部中心渔场在1998年范围缩小、南界大幅北移0．5个纬度的现象,1997年渔场南界一线的SST,在1998年升高可达1℃,推测SST的这种变化,是中心渔场出现明显位称的原因之一,并且与此期间发生的El Nino事件可能存在着某种关联。     

闽南-台湾浅滩海域生态系统渔业资源容纳量

以在台湾海峡及其邻近海域开展的海洋科学调查研究所获得的有关闽南-台湾浅滩海域的初级生产力为基础,通过对渔业资源种类组成和结构的调查、浮游植物有机碳含量,鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类等主要种的营养级及其有机碳含量检测和生态效率的测算,采用营养动态模型和Cushing模型估算该海域渔业资源容纳量(自然生产量).同时,采用Gulland模式和MSY简单模式估算渔业资源最大可持续开发量.结果表明该海域渔业资源容纳量为125.23×10~4t,最大可持续开发量为61.92×10~4t.1996年以来实际年渔获量在62.05×10~4～67.29×10~4t,平均64.74×10~4t,超过了渔业资源的剩余产量,呈现过度捕捞态势.     

Resource use conflicts in Mabini and Tingloy,the Philippines

This paper presents the results of an analysis of resource use conflicts in areas near marine protected areas in Mabini–Tingloy, the Philippines. The author found large differences between groups of stakeholders in terms of perceived benefits and costs of conservation and tourism, and these inequalities have led to conflicts between various stakeholder groups. Marked by unequal power relationships, the conflicts place subsistence fishers as the weakest stakeholders. Fishers also have the lowest rates of knowledge of and participation in conservation activities. The study concludes that in order for conservation programs to be effectively transitioned onto the social and legal fabric of Mabini–Tingloy, resource use conflicts need immediate attention.     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场的叶状仔鳗形态比较

本文首次报道１９８７年１１月至１９８８年１１月在闽南－台湾浅滩渔场采获的９种叶状铒１鳗，它们分别属于３个科；鸭嘴鳗科３种，锯犁鳗科１种，蛇鳗科５种。文中描述、比较了研究叶状仔鳗的主要形态特征。     

闽东北外海渔场捕捞中上层鱼类的渔具,渔法研究

本文分析了闽东北外海渔场资源特点，并就不同类型的拖网、围网渔具的适渔性对比试验进行了研究，认为以主机功率330.75kw及以上的拖网渔船，使用四片式疏目拖网和以主机功率183．75kw及以上的围网渔船，使用250m×150m的无囊灯光围网，于春、夏汛时在该渔场100m等深线附近海域能较有效地捕捞鲐鲹等中上层鱼类。     

Lipstick and catch shares in the Western Pacific: Beyond evangelism in fisheries policy?

The push for catch shares is on in the United States, nationwide generally, and in the western Pacific specifically. The prevailing understanding of catch shares emphasizes individual private property rights and changes in fisher behavior are understood to result from changes in rights in accordance with a long-established canon in fisheries economics. It is argued that this orthodoxy misses the causal factor in catch shares and thus constricts the range of policy options for catch shares. Moreover, this standard understanding of catch shares fosters opposition. Opposition to catch shares in the western Pacific can be understood as a specific variant of a generic pattern of opposition that is often centered on concerns for distributional impacts. Blind to the fact that their own misunderstanding fuels opposition, proponents of privatization resort to explaining opposition in terms of a simple, but inaccurate, for-or-against-catch-shares dichotomy. Perpetuation of this dichotomy has become a tool in the promotion of one particular ideological conception of catch shares and is a disservice to the public policy process. A possible path forward in the context of the western Pacific is presented that is based on diminishing the role of outside policy experts while encouraging local design of programs to meet local goals. Such an approach is consistent with the nature of development as local people adopt and adapt outside influences on their own terms.     

Benthic status of near-shore fishing grounds in the central Philippines and associated seahorse densities

Benthic status of 28 near-shore, artisanal, coral reef fishing grounds in the central Philippines was assessed (2000-2002) together with surveys of the seahorse, Hippocampus comes. Our measures of benthic quality and seahorse densities reveal some of the most degraded coral reefs in the world. Abiotic structure dominated the fishing grounds: 69% of the benthos comprised rubble (32%), sand/silt (28%) and dead coral (9%). Predominant biotic structure included live coral (12%) and Sargassum (11%). Rubble cover increased with increasing distance from municipal enforcement centers and coincided with substantial blast fishing in this region of the Philippines. Over 2 years, we measured a significant decrease in benthic 'heterogeneity' and a 16% increase in rubble cover. Poor benthic quality was concomitant with extremely low seahorse densities (524 fish per km(2)). Spatial management, such as marine reserves, may help to minimize habitat damage and to rebuild depleted populations of seahorses and other reef fauna.     

我国依港管船机制探究

"依港管船"制度的提出是我国对渔船管理模式的探索和创新,也是贯彻落实党的十九大精神,推进海洋生态文明的重要举措。文章通过对"依港管船"制度内涵与外延的阐述,从"依港管船"制度的法理基础与现实需求角度入手,研究其合理性与必要性。并且对国外港口建设与船舶管理制度进行分析,总结出目前日本、美国、韩国、德国等国家实施"依港管船"制度的相似性及主要差异,为我国"依港管船"制度的完善与实施提供了参照。并给出了完善"依港管船"以及"渔港生态"立法;明晰渔港产权制度;强化渔船管理制度建设;建立主管部门驻港管理机制;实行部门执法联动等对策建议。     

Distant water fisheries development and vessel monitoring system implementation in Taiwan—History and driving forces

This paper provides an analytical review of the development of distant water fisheries and the implementation of vessel monitoring systems (VMS) in Taiwan. Taiwanese distant water fisheries have gone through several stages in development: rebirth from the damage of World War II up until the early 1970s, stagnation during the mid-1970s to early 1980s, unbridled growth in the late 1980s to a peak in the 1990s–early 2000s, and a stage of disruption and transformation since the mid-2000s. There were two major fisheries in this stage: tuna and squid, both of which rank between the world's first and third largest. Development was mainly driven by national promotion programs and vessel-building restricting policies; and international influences such as oil crises, declaration of exclusive economic zones, and legal arrangements that stimulated strengthening of international management measures. Growth in Taiwan's over-developed fisheries has outpaced the incommensurately scaled Taiwanese fisheries management sector that has not expanded in parallel with the fisheries. Monitoring of vessel activities remains a major management issue. VMS, which can provide both national and international bodies with an essential monitoring capability for ensuring resource management, was found to be one of the important solutions to this issue. The system, however, was initially unacceptable to the fishers, and the government has transformed external pressures arising from international arrangements and management measures into a force for promoting installation of VMS on Taiwanese fishing vessels. This has occurred in stages: a trial period during 1989–1992; initial development during 1994–1996; expansion during 1996–2004; and a more mature stage of enhanced implementation from 2005 to the present.     

Global assessment of the European Union fishing fleet: An update

This paper provides a global analysis of recent trends in the EU fishing fleet. Analysis of the capital productivity, labour rates, and economic benefits of the fleet revealed that considerable replacement of fishermen by better technology and well-equipped vessels occurred between 1990 and 2006. The analysis confirms that the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has been ineffective in reducing fishing capacity. In addition, the changes in capacity that occurred in this time interval differed among the different sectors of the fleet. Some members of the high sea fishing fleet increased their capacity (range 11–57%), and the deep-sea sector, which has greater tonnage and fishing power, increased its fishing capacity by 34–44%. These results confirm the ineffectiveness of the CFP in reducing overcapacity and illustrate the continuing threat of overcapacity to the long-term sustainability of fishery resources.