灰色马尔柯夫预测模型及其在渔获量预测中的应用

为海洋、江河渔获量的短期和长期预测提供一种预测精度较好的预测方法，将灰色ＧＭ（１，１）预测和马尔柯夫概率矩阵预测两者结合起来，通过它们的优点互补，使灰色马尔柯夫预测模型对渔获量的预测结果更科学、更精确。并用灰色马尔柯夫预测模型，预测山东省黄姑鱼的年渔获量。结果是令人满意的。     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场大头狗母鱼的渔业生物学

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场大头狗母鱼捕捞群体由0～Ⅵ龄组7个世代组成。Ⅰ龄时性成熟，生殖期2～10月。VonBertalanffyvay又长生长方程Lt=609．26×［1-e-0.085(t 2.8767)］，总体重生长方程Wt=1075.68×［1－e-0.1393(t 2.5215)］3,最佳最小可捕叉长和总体重分别为171．3mm和69．1g。目前，该渔场单拖作业捕捞群体以Ⅰ龄和ⅡI龄鱼为主，其优势又长160～200mm。较1977年减少约20mm，且小于最佳最小可捕叉长个体多达35．7％，应引起渔业管理部门的高度重视。     

刍议南海渔业及渔业区划

南海地处热带和亚热带,复杂而多样的生境是孕育南海土类生物高度多样性的有利条件。南海海区与我国濒临的其它海区相比在物种多样性方面占绝对优势,350万平方公里的复杂海城为繁杂的物种提供了各种不同的栖身之地,温度、盐度及海流等的差异形成了不同的渔区。随着科技的发展,捕捞工具和功能也日新月异,传统的南海渔业区划已难以适应渔业现代化的需要。鉴于此,本文从海洋学、渔业捕捞以及海域管理方面综合分析,提出了新的渔业区划。     

小鳁鲸的一些生物学测量数据

2004年6月山东省威海石岛的渔民偶然误捕了一头须鲸,经作者鉴定,此标本系小鳁鲸(Balaenoptera acutorostrata)。主要鉴别特征:头背面的嵴明显;左右鳍肢各有一白色的横斑;有282对白色的鲸须板。同时还对其进行了较详细的观察和测量,值得一提的是此鲸存有异常现象:有一假脐,乳沟位于生殖裂后端而非生殖裂的两旁。     

Quantitative evaluation of the performance of a permit auction system in reducing bycatch of sea turtles in the Hawaii Swordfish longline fishery

Many authors have suggested the use of a cap and trade auction system to help reduce bycatch—the incidental take of species by fishing gear targeting other species—of sea turtles in the Hawaii-based swordfish longline fishery. However, we know of no quantitative evaluations of the method. We present a simple mathematical model to serve as a framework to evaluate bycatch auction systems quantitatively. We conclude that cap and trade auction systems have the potential to reduce sea turtle bycatch by creating a financial incentive, while keeping permit costs down to 2–3% of total revenues. While stringent regulations aimed at conserving endangered sea turtles would still be essential, implementation of an auction for issuing transferable bycatch permits would likely enhance the economic efficiency of the fleet. Sea turtle mortality could be reduced further if a shrinking cap on total turtle mortality was introduced, taking advantage of the incentives for reducing turtle mortality that are introduced by the cap and trade auction system.     

Catch, survey and life-history data for shrimp (Pandalus borealis) off Jan Mayen

The Jan Mayen area has an extreme environment with low temperatures and infrequent, but abrupt temperature changes. The shrimp population here is considered to be on its edge of distribution. The life-history parameters are in the same range as in other high-latitude shrimp populations and are characterized by slow growth, large size at maturation and extended longevity. Irregular and sporadic commercial exploitation limit fishing mortality and give the population life-history parameters not previously seen in other areas. The Jan Mayen shrimp are large compared to, e.g., the Barents Sea shrimp and can reach a maximum carapace length (L_max) of 37 mm and an age of 10–11 years. The large size at sex transformation (L₅₀, >24 mm) and analyses of length–frequency distributions indicate that the shrimp may be 6–7 years of age before changing sex. The change in L_max and L₅₀ observed during the study period is probably caused by increased natural mortality due to sudden temperature changes or due to increased predation, rather than increased growth rates. The life-history strategy of shrimp in the Jan Mayen area can be explained by factors such as depth, temperature and population density variations caused by fluctuation in recruitment and mortality.The shrimp fisheries in the Jan Mayen area began in the late 1970s and reached an annual landing of 2000 tonnes in 1985, and since then landings have oscillated around 500 tonnes depending on a combination of factors. The survey indices of stock biomass varied between 3000 and 6600 tonnes. For most years, the highest shrimp densities are at a depth of 200–299 m, while large shrimp (and therefore also female shrimp) are dominant at depths greater than 300 m.Fish community data were studied as the composition of the demersal fish community is an integrated response to environmental conditions and as predation affects the shrimp stock. Polar cod and capelin are the most abundant fish species in the study area. A high number of blue whiting was registered in 1979, but the number declined in 1980 and 1981 as temperature decreased. During the surveys in 1994 and 1995, no blue whiting was registered. A few individuals were found again in the 1999 samples. The number of Greenland halibut has declined from the beginning of the 1980s to the 1990s.     

基于熵权TOPSIS法的沿海地区渔业产业融合发展效果评价研究

2019年全国渔业渔政工作重点之一就是“大力推进一二三产业融合发展”。渔业一二三产业融合是实现渔业高质量发展和传统产业升级的重要举措。渔业产业融合发展,就是以渔业为基本依托,有效整合渔业生产、水产品加工、流通与贸易、休闲渔业及其他生产性服务业,以产业链延伸、产业范围拓展和产业功能转型为表征,促进渔业、渔村发展,渔民增收。近年来,我国渔业三产融合发展取得了一些成就,如何来评价渔业三产融合发展带来的效益,值得关注。已有的研究主要从渔业的经济效益或者海洋生态环境可持续发展角度研究,很少有从多个维度对海洋渔业产业融合发展带来的效果进行综合评价,所以文章从渔业生产效率、渔业经济效益、渔业产业链延伸以及绿色可持续发展4个维度设计了渔业一二三产业融合发展效果评价指标体系,并对沿海10个地区的融合发展效果进行评价研究。研究结论：(1)基于空间视角,山东、广东的渔业三产融合发展水平较高,浙江、江苏、福建紧随其后。(2)基于产业结构视角,各地区在渔业融合发展过程中存在不同程度的发展不均衡问题,在评价体系中,渔业绿色可持续发展水平较其他指标呈现较低情况。(3)基于时间序列视角,渔业产业融合发展整体水平呈现上...     

CCAMLR process of risk assessment to minimise the effects of longline fishing mortality on seabirds

We describe the process used in the fisheries management system of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) to minimise seabird bycatch, and the risk-assessment methodology developed to assist this. We examine the progress of several Regional Fishery Management Organisations in taking steps to address seabird bycatch. CCAMLR has the most advanced system of management among the RFMOS covered in this review, and has made the most demonstrable progress in reducing seabird bycatch levels in its longline fisheries. A combination of proven mitigation measures, extensive monitoring by independent observers, annual expert review of seabird bycatch rates and evolving fishery and mitigation practices have been instrumental in reducing seabird bycatch in CCAMLR fisheries.