FUZZY SYNTHETIC EVALUATION ON RESIDENT''''S PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM IMPACTS——Case of Jiuzhaigou National Park, Sichuan Province, China

1INTRODUCTIONCommunity residents form an important part of tourismdestinations and play a crucial role in the protection anddevelopment oftourism resources. The Tourism Agenda21 advocates that the development of tourism industryshouldconsider the interestsofthe host residentsand en-sure long-term viability beneficial towards destinationcommunity (LIU, 2000). Yet in manyinstances tourismdevelopment proves detrimental to host communities(LANKFORD and HOWARD, 1994; LIU and VAR,1986)…     

Differences in perception of a newly created Marine Park in south-west Western Australia by boat-based recreational fishers and the broader community

Community acceptance of Marine Parks is widely acknowledged as being critical for success. Where community stewardship and voluntary compliance have been achieved, there are fewer issues with non-compliance of zoning regulations. Probability-based surveys that are representative of the wider community can improve understanding of community perceptions prior to and following establishment of Marine Parks. Understanding attitudes towards newly created Marine Parks among user groups provides valuable information for the design of education and engagement programs, while also creating a benchmark to compare changes over time. A survey of community perceptions and awareness regarding the recently created Ngari Capes Marine Park in south-west Western Australia was measured via a randomised telephone survey of local and non-local boat-based recreational fishers; and local residents (including non-fishers and shore/boat fishers). This survey also evaluated other recreational uses of the park and how these activities were valued, knowledge of Marine Park zones, and how information about Marine Parks was being accessed. Participation in recreational fishing within Ngari Capes was above average and a supportive attitude towards the park was apparent. Boat-based recreational fishers displayed a higher degree of concern about fishing restrictions compared to local residents, but overall were supportive of the Marine Park. Across all user groups there was low awareness of the Ngari Capes Marine Park and poor understanding of Marine Parks. A lack of clarity regarding the likely benefits of the Ngari Capes Marine Park was apparent, implying a need to improve public communication and community engagement.     

Locational and socio-economic variation in public perceptions of economics and the environment

Government policies for the use of publicly owned environmental resources in Australia are often justified as being for the economic good of the nation. Yet there has been little enquiry about how Australians perceive economic good in the context of the use of environmental resources. The residents of five State government electorates of Perth and one in regional south west Western Australia were surveyed. Their perceptions of economics, the environment and resources in relation to public policy were assessed. The differences in the responses were greater between the different electorates, than between the different socio-economic strata within the same electorate. This paper examines the spatial variability of the results and raises the possibility of developing a socio-locational indicator of attitudes which could provide a tool for policy implementation.     

乡村旅游开发与老年人环境感知的关系

在浙江省余姚市大岚镇柿林村国家4A级景区对29位老人与43位非老人进行分组问卷调查,对老年组与非老年组的自然环境感知、经济环境感知、社会关系感知、旅游及游客感知差异进行卡方检验(χ2).结果表明,两组人群对环境感知存在着明显差异.乡村旅游地老年人环境感知具有较强烈的乡土意识、对游客与旅游开发普遍持积极的支持态度、希望承担旅游地主人的角色、希望更多分享旅游带来的经济利益等特点.从旅游地老年人这一特殊人群的角度证实了旅游地居民支持旅游发展9个要素的结论,同时发现了中国老人的一些不同之处,提出了期待期的概念,提出从物质和精神两个层面入手,实现乡村旅游可持续发展的建议.     

Green and Sustainable Commercial Property Supply in Malaysia and Nigeria

The aim of this study is to identify the predictive factors and variables that motivate decisions to supply sustainable or green commercial properties, and to apply discriminant analysis technique to assess if there are significant differences in perception between real estate developers in Malaysia and Nigeria based on the identified variables. The result revealed a significant discriminant function differentiating the two countries based on their perception of the variables. The motivational components and attributes were found to be in favor of Malaysia. The Wilks' lambda F‐test and the standardized discriminant function coefficients, showed that there were significant differences between developers in both countries as assessed by the life‐cycle cost motivations, green policies and certification, market strategy, developers expected rate of return, green tax incentive, and available green skills. However, the variables with the most predictive power in accounting for the differences were found to be within the measures of life‐cycle, cost‐saving motivations.     

Local perceptions about forests and water in two tropical catchments

This study was performed to assess how local inhabitants in two tropical watersheds value forests and perceive both forests and their own capacity to influence the hydrological cycle. Both service and productivity functions were strongly valued, particularly forests' rain-bringing capacity. The view that forests are directly responsible for increased precipitation was especially strong in low rainfall areas. Forests were also seen as important for their ability to retain soil water. The human activity most often mentioned as affecting water availability was tree planting while water conservation structures were not seen as detrimentally affecting others. Water was pictured very strongly as being part of a cycle so that which is used by humans or trees is not considered lost but only displaced to return again as rain. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

居民旅游影响感知和态度的空间分异——以黄山风景区为例

以黄山风景区为例,通过问卷调查,采用SPSS统计软件和ArcView GIS技术,揭示了旅游地居民对旅游影响感知和态度的空间分异特征。研究表明,周边地区居民对黄山风景区旅游影响的感知和态度呈现较为明显的空间分异。一定地域范围内,居民对旅游积极影响感知强度距离衰减,对旅游消极影响感知强度距离递增;在更广泛的地域范围内,受区域旅游空间结构和"飞地旅游"特征的影响,居民对旅游积极和消极影响的感知强度分别呈现"W"型和"M"型的空间分异特征。进一步分析了居民对风景区的了解程度、旅游流作用机制、交通线路、居民的响应程度等因素对居民旅游影响感知和态度空间分异的影响。     

“Now is Not the Time to Take a Breather”: United States Federal Land Management Agency Professionals’ Perceptions at the 40th Anniversary of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977

Poor air quality has long been one of the dominant transboundary issues facing protected areas worldwide. In 1977, the United States Congress amended the Clean Air Act to address federally-managed lands containing valued air resources (i.e. scenic views). Forty years later, we interviewed professionals from the U.S. National Park Service, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management (n=38) regarding their perceptions of the legacy of the Clean Air Act and other federal policies relevant to air resources, as well as their perceptions of the future of air resource management on U.S federal lands. Results were analyzed using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis supported by in vivo, thematic, and salience coding. Our findings illustrate national progress in air resource management, potential policy directions, and highlight the influence of emerging technologies and governance in air resource management within protected areas.     

城市新生代流动人口的回流意愿与区位选择——基于北京、深圳、成都和中山4个城市的实证

基于北京、深圳、成都和中山4个具有代表性的城市抽样调查监测数据,采用计量模型探讨了新生代流动人口的回流意愿与区位选择特征及影响因素。结果表明：1）新生代流动人口具有较强的回流意愿,且不同类型（智力型、投资型和劳力型）在回流意愿和区位选择上存在显著差异。2）其回流意愿受个体“客观属性”（人口学因素、经济因素）与“主观感知”（经济地位感知、社会心理感知）双重影响,特别是人口学因素和社会心理感知。3）就回流区位选择而言,人力资本是影响其回流至户籍地所在省会城市最显著的因素;主观感知中的城市社会适应、家庭“心理成本”和家乡生活方式认同与其选择回流至户籍地所在的地级市显著相关;客观属性中的人口学因素（性别和年龄）、在外务工时间主要影响其回流至户籍地所在的县（市、区）或乡镇;经济因素中的个人收入对各类回流地的选择均有显著的影响。不同回流区位的选择是综合“生存”与“发展”两方面需求的结果。建议未来精准施策,尤其要注意地级市的人口回流;在重视吸引人才的同时,要进一步关注流动人口的社会适应问题,完善公共服务设施尤其是医疗、养老、子女入学等,推进城镇化持续健康发展。