Stakeholders’ participation in the fisheries management decision-making process: Fishers’ perceptions of participation

Public participation is a key ingredient of good governance and there are many advantages of involving stakeholders in the decision-making process. The European Commission identified the lack of stakeholder involvement as one of the major weaknesses of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). As such, the 2002 Reform of the CFP aimed to improve its system of governance by increasing the involvement of stakeholders in decision-making. Over the last decade, Scottish inshore waters have seen an increase in management measures focused on involving fishers, delegating responsibilities and decentralizing management. The present document investigates commercial inshore fishers’ perceptions of participation in the decision-making process and attitudes towards a new management regime – the Inshore Fisheries Groups (IFGs) – which aims to increase participation in and decentralization of inshore fisheries management. A survey was conducted, through face-to-face interviews, and ordered logistic and multiple regression models created to identify which characteristics influence fishers’ perceptions and attitudes. The present analysis concluded that, 5 years subsequent to the reform of the CFP, the majority of inshore fishers perceive themselves not to be consulted or involved in the decision-making process. However, and despite the fact that fishers are not completely certain of the potential of the IFGs to increase their participation in the management process, they have an overall positive attitude towards their implementation.     

Towards sustainable fisheries subsidies: Entering a new round of reform under the Common Fisheries Policy

On 22 April 2009 the European Commission published its ‘Green Paper on the Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy’. The Green Paper points out a contradiction in policy, noting on one hand that public financial support to the Community's fisheries sector is substantial, but on the other hand such support is often incompatible with other Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) objectives, particularly the need to reduce overcapacities. Providing an analytical framework to better understand the effects of subsidies as well as an overview of existing funding schemes under the CFP, this article aims at answering some of the questions posed by the European Commission within its Green Paper. Answers are based on two ideas: the exploitation of marine capture resources ultimately depends on the level of available fish stocks and that a large share of subsidies fuels the race to fish by inducing investment incentives for the fisheries sector. Policies that have ignored this tend to encourage inefficient and unsustainable fishing as well as the misallocation of public funds. Although support schemes under the CFP have changed in recent years, some problematic support schemes persist. A future reform will have to continue the course taken towards sustainable and efficient approaches to supporting the fisheries industry.     

Fisheries development in northeastern Asia in conjunction with changes in climate and social systems

The status and prospects of fisheries in northeastern Asia are reviewed in conjunction with climate change and social issues. This region has the biggest yield, consumption, and international trade of fisheries products in the world. Due to increasing industrialization and greenhouse gas emissions, higher rates of warming have occurred. The impacts of climate change on fisheries could be detrimental because the main fishery products are small pelagic fish whose biomass fluctuations are sensitive to climate changes. Improvements in the economies of the nations in this region offset the demand for fish products in human diets, and employment in fisheries. It is recommended that fisheries management plans consider both changes in climate and in social systems. Stocks which migrate between national jurisdictions are in need of particular attention.     

基于资源环境数据格网化表达的关联模式发现

传统空间关联模式以空间谓词作为发现逻辑进行知识发现,会导致关联模式侧重空间位置关联,并且挖掘结果受所建立谓词表的限制,存在所发现模式固定、解释自由度差等问题。本文提出一种不依赖于空间谓词的关联模式发现方法,该方法将空间数据进行格网化表达,对格网化结果以平滑移动的N×N掩膜进行多约束事务化,将传统Apriori算法去除属性自连接,然后对所构建的空间事务化数据库进行关联模式探索,抽取有价值的关联模式。最后,以山西省晋城市长河流域为实证研究区,建立煤、地、水空间事务数据库,给出格网化表达的定量误差,探索其隐含空间关联模式,并以同位模式验证了事务化结果的精度。格网化生成覆盖研究区的64 m格网28 434个,各数据层格网化误差均在5%以内,以耕地为主因子事务化结果共有记录38 310条记录。对抽取的部分关联模式分析表明：发现结果符合长河流域矿农复合区背景下耕地相关的先验知识;该方法能有效提取空间数据及其属性信息中潜在的关联模式,提高了挖掘过程自由度和结果的兴趣度。     

浙江舟山定海护城河浮游植物优势种生态位与种间联结性季节性分析

以舟山定海护城河为例,分析浮游植物四季优势种生态位与种间联结性,探讨水生态系统浮游植物群落中优势种间相互作用的生态关系,对环境资源共用的季节性变化,为富营养化污染水体浮游植物群落结构特征研究提供重要依据.2016年5月至2017年2月4个季节共出现优势种4门12属14种,其中尖肘杆藻、颗粒沟链藻、绿色颤藻、铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻和吻状隐藻6种为富营养化指示种.优势种种类具有明显的季节变化,蓝藻细小隐球藻4个季节均为优势种,并在春、秋、冬季为绝对优势种.根据优势度和生态位宽度,14个优势种可以划分为3个类群.生态位重叠值最大值和最小值分别为0.984和0.004,季节性差异较大,冬季 ≈ 秋季 > 夏季 > 春季.方差比率法求出的各季节优势种VR值均大于1,统计量W检验结果显示,浮游植物优势种间联结性总体上呈显著正相关.基于2×2联列表的χ²检验,54对优势种对仅有11对有显著联结性,负关联种对多于正关联.总体而言,优势种种间关联程度与生态位重叠程度并不完全一致,可能是浮游植物群落物种多样性高及物种组成季节变化明显所导致.     

基于协同区位商的北京城市职住要素空间关联

就业地和居住地是城市居民工作以及生活的主要场所,同样也是城市空间结构最重要的组成要素,写字楼与居民楼空间关联性研究对深刻理解职住关系有着至关重要的作用.利用协同区位商方法,对北京市写字楼与居民楼空间关联总体特征和局域空间关联格局进行分析.研究表明:①协同区位商作为一种测量点要素之间联系的方法,能够很好的应用到职住关系的...     

我国导航与位置服务的进展及思考

导航与位置服务是继移动通信、移动互联网之后又一发展非常迅速的新兴信息产业。本文首先详细分析了导航与位置服务产业的发展现状及其特点,探讨了导航与位置服务产业链及其产业布局的构成。然后,根据该产业的特点,进一步阐述了导航与位置服务产业发展的前沿技术及趋势;这些前沿技术涉及协同精密定位、社会感知与计算、与5G相融合的通导一体化、与无人机器人相融合的智能导航等。最后,以服务于国家现代化发展重大需求为导向,给出了我国导航与位置服务产业发展的一些思考,主要包括关键技术推广、人才培养、重大战略规划、核心芯片与软件平台、标准制定等5个方面。     

长江经济带产业的集聚与演化——基于开发区的视角

推进产业集群培育和产业有序转移,对实现长江经济带产业转型及协同发展具有重要意义。以开发区为研究视角,从时空两个维度刻画了长江经济带的产业结构特征及空间集聚状态,重点剖析了技术密集型、资本密集型和劳动密集型产业的演化特征。结果表明：长江经济带开发区的装备制造、电子信息、汽车及零部件等技术密集型产业相对于全国而言优势显著,但下游、中游和上游地区开发区的产业能级存在梯度差异;开发区产业布局主要依托“城市群-中心城市”,劳动密集型产业呈“小集聚、大分散”的格局,资本密集型产业主要集聚在资本雄厚、矿产资源丰富或沿海沿江地区,技术密集型产业已形成规模不等的集聚连绵区。从演变特征看,开发区的产业结构高级度与其设立时间正向相关,且存在上中下游间的差异性,下游地区的开发区产业结构更加高级化;同时,技术密集型、资本密集型和劳动密集型产业之间的空间关联性逐渐增强。最后,本文初步构建了一个基于开发区的产业集群培育和产业有序转移的理论分析框架,并提出相应的政策建议：未来长江经济带世界级产业集群的建设应重点依托国家级和省级开发区,通过开发区产业分阶段的集群化发展模式来带动区域经济发展;同时,也应以各类开发区为载体,推进关联地区产业的有序转移。     

北极水域船舶事故特征及关联规则分析

北极海冰的大量融化,加速了北极航道开发和利用,对北极水域船舶事故风险管理提出了更高的要求。本文以2008—2017年的北极水域船舶事故数据为样本,运用数据挖掘技术和方法,对北极水域船舶事故进行了时空特征分析,并对船舶属性与事故属性之间的潜在映射关系进行了关联规则挖掘。结果表明:北极水域事故数逐年呈上升的趋势,事故主要发生在巴伦支海东部的俄罗斯摩尔曼斯克港口水域和挪威北部水域;北极水域严重事故受船舶总吨、船旗国、船舶类型、事故类型、事故水域等变量的影响,船舶尺度较大的船舶更容易造成严重事故;北极水域俄罗斯籍渔船的严重事故,很多是由机损事故引发的,但很少造成环境污染。研究结论可辅助海事管理部门和航运企业开展北极水域船舶事故预防和风险管理工作。     

粤台农业合作试验区台湾兰花技术扩散社会网络特征分析

以广东韶关粤台农业合作试验区兰花种植业为例,通过实地调研及社会网络分析方法,探讨台湾兰花技术扩散的社会网络特征。研究结果表明：① 兰花技术扩散网络呈多核心结构,台商兰场、大学与科研机构、农民合作组织等扩散主体处于网络的核心位置并有效加强了兰场间的交流与合作。② 兰花技术扩散网络的“核心-边缘”结构特征明显,其派系结构一定程度上突破了地域空间限制,在“宗族家族扩散网络”的基础上逐渐形成了“功能性扩散网络”。③ 兰花技术扩散网络的形成和变迁受试验区特殊的地域文化、各扩散主体及政府、市场等因素共同作用的驱动,符合演化经济地理学和关系经济地理学理论,存在一定“路径依赖”的同时,亦实现了“路径创新”。