Governance of tuna industries: The key to economic viability and sustainability in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

The Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) tuna fishery is an important global food resource, and the economies of many Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) rely heavily on tuna industries. This paper proposes that governance by PICs is the key to improving the sustainability and profitability of tuna industries in the region. ‘Governance’ is usually used to refer to corruption, but here is interpreted more broadly to encompass the whole process by which decisions regarding public life are made and enacted, by government and also civil society. Argument is supported by empirical material from an interview study with stakeholders and a survey of reports.     

Development of Small Mytllus Beds and its Effects on Resident Intertidal Macro fauna

Abstract. The development of temporary Mytilus edulis beds and their associated macro fauna was studied on an intertidal sand flat in the German Wadden sea during 1986 by comparing mussel beds with bare sandy areas of the same tidal elevation. Macro fauna samples We taken with a 100 cm² corer (penetration depth 27 cm, mesh size 0.5 mm, 5 parallel samples).
Numbers of taxa and diversity were higher in the mussel beds compared to the sandy areas. The abundance of macro fauna organisms decreased with the age of the mussel bed, whereas the relative abundance of species was not strongly affected. Hydrobia ulvae , oligochaetes, and Heteromastus filiformis dominated the macro fauna inside as well as outside the mussel beds. Among the lower ranks of dominance changes in species composition were observed due to increasing densities of opportunistic polychaetes.
About six weeks after the establishment of the mussel beds a higher abundance of Capitella spp., Polydora ligni, Tharyx marioni , and nemerteans occurred within the mussel beds while other species such as Hydrobia ulvae and Pygospio elegans showed a significantly lower abundance compared to the adjacent flat. Macoma balthica as well as Mya arenaria were not affected by the alteration of a bare sand flat to a mussel bed. O-group Carcinus maenas reached their highest abundance in the mussel beds (over 1000 indiv. m^-2). In contrast juvenile Crangon crangon preferred the bare sand flat. After destruction of the mussel beds by an early autumn storm, species abundance and composition was similar to the situation before the mussel beds had become established.     

Sharing responsibilities in Danish fisheries management—experiences and future directions

During the last decade, devolution of responsibilities of fisheries management has increasingly become an issue in the political debate. The CEC and national governments have expressed an interest in sharing responsibilities for fisheries management with stakeholders. This article investigates the dynamics and constraints of the devolution process in general and in relation to Danish demersal fisheries by answering the following questions: What are the important factors to consider with respect to sharing responsibilities in fisheries management; how can this delegation and/or devolution of responsibilities be institutionalised? And what kind of decisions should be delegated to stakeholders and to whom?     

Climate, fishery and society interactions: Observations from the North Atlantic

Interdisciplinary studies comparing fisheries-dependent regions across the North Atlantic find a number of broad patterns. Large ecological shifts, disastrous to historical fisheries, have resulted when unfavorable climatic events occur atop overfishing. The “teleconnections” linking fisheries crises across long distances include human technology and markets, as well as climate or migratory fish species. Overfishing and climate-driven changes have led to a shift downwards in trophic levels of fisheries takes in some ecosystems, from dominance by bony fish to crustaceans. Fishing societies adapt to new ecological conditions through social reorganization that have benefited some people and places, while leaving others behind. Characteristic patterns of demographic change are among the symptoms of such reorganization. These general observations emerge from a review of recent case studies of individual fishing communities, such as those conducted for the North Atlantic Arc research project.     

Patterns of fisheries institutional failure and success: Experience from the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence snow crab fishery,in Nova Scotia,Canada

This paper examines why market and government institutions failed to prevent over fishing in the Southern Gulf snow crab fishery, whereas non-market institutions succeeded. A general conclusion is that the institutional environment in which economic behaviour must be coordinated for successful fisheries management is complex. More specifically, collective action dilemmas arise from the interdependency of human and fish species interactions. However, successful institutions are capable of resolving these dilemmas when they achieve credible commitment. Coordination mechanisms such as co-management contracts, horizontal patterns of communication and win–win negotiations all contribute to building an institutional arrangement in which participants are motivated to comply with conservation objectives.     

基于铁路客流的湖北省城市网络关联与空间组织结构特征

以湖北省为研究对象,基于铁路客流的动态关系数据,采用城市网络连锁模型,以城市之间铁路客流的流动性和集聚性为研究切入点,辨析省域城市的网络关联强度和空间组织结构特征。研究表明：① 湖北省域城市网络结构初步形成,整体呈现“东强西弱,北低南高”的态势,省域“单中心”网络格局特征突出,武汉是链接鄂东、鄂中、鄂西三大区域的核心枢纽;② 中心城市指向性和地域邻近指向性特征明显,整体受省域中心城市武汉的影响较大,与之紧密联系的周边城市是构成武汉“1+8”都市圈的主体;③ 交通轴线是客流联系的主要方向,以“十堰—襄阳—荆门—武汉”、“恩施—宜昌—荆州—武汉”等城市为主体的“>”型城市带,其空间组织结构联系较为紧密,是推动湖北省经济发展和实施城镇化战略的重要载体,同时襄阳、宜昌在鄂西地区的枢纽作用日益凸显。最后基于实证研究结论,为省域空间规划的要义、趋势和取向提出了若干探讨。     

福建南平西坑铌钽矿区玉帝庵矿段含矿伟晶岩特征

南平西坑铌钽矿区玉帝庵矿段含矿伟晶岩沿玉帝庵复式背斜及两翼展布,贮存于下元古界麻源群南山组中。根据伟晶岩矿物成分,结构及其共生关系可分为石英块体9个主要矿物组合类型。矿段内伟晶岩造岩矿物基本相同,主要有石英、钠长石、腐锂辉石、微斜长石、白云母等,铌钽铁矿除了与钠长石共生外,还呈迭片状、板状嵌布于白云母中。     

基于全球剖分网格的地理空间信息保障服务技术研究

随着空间和对地观测技术的飞速发展,建立一个适应全球的多源、多尺度、多时相跨平台统一数据组织的网格框架具有非常重要的意义。当前地理空间数据的生产、维护分散在不同单位,且采用的数据网格标准各异,造成了部门或系统之间、不同历史阶段之间标准不统一。本文针对高分专项地理空间信息保障库对数据资源全局展示、关联检索和模版应用等综合服务展示需求,基于GeoSOT网格与编码理论体系,提出了"地理空间信息全球统一网格化编码管理"的数据剖分组织解决思路,并进行了系统分析、研究与设计。通过试验证明,基于GeoSOT虚拟一张图的数据组织管理方法能够显著提高地理空间信息保障服务系统的整体应用效能。     

城市扩张与景观生态安全关联规律挖掘——以武汉市为例

城市化在促进区域经济和社会发展的同时也导致产生一系列景观生态安全恶化问题,严重威胁区域可持续发展。定量分析城市扩张与景观生态安全之间的关联规律对于城市可持续发展至关重要。本文以武汉市为例,利用关联规则挖掘模型挖掘1988~2011年时间范围内武汉市城市扩张的速度、强度以及扩张类型与景观生态安全之间的关联知识,可以为城市规划提供有益指导。     

吉林中部早二叠世皱纹珊瑚一新属Huadianophyllum

本文描述了产于吉林中部的皱纹珊瑚1新属2新种。这些珊瑚化石除具皱纹珊瑚的一般特征之外,还具有六射珊瑚的特点。它对研究六射珊瑚与皱纹珊瑚之间演化关系具有重要意义。