金顶超大型铅锌矿床成矿条件分析

通过对金顶铅锌矿床矿区的区域地质背景、盆地性质以及矿区地质特征的研究，分析了该矿床的成矿条件，认为正是由于在动荡的区域地质背景和巨厚的碎屑岩建造中，在有机质以及蒸发岩中的硫酸岩提供还原硫的环境下，断裂系统长期继承性的活动，使得成矿热液能够稳定地向同一空间部位迁移，并且景星组顶板和云龙组上段的底板均为以泥岩为主的细碎屑岩，从而形成圈闭，使得成矿物质淀积下来，形成超大型矿床。金顶铅锌矿床有可能是以沉积岩为主岩的一种新型矿床。     

关于密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床的一些探讨

密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床是全球最重要的铅锌矿床类型之一,由于其储量大、开发早,在成矿规律研究等方面均取得了重要进展,如成矿物质来源、成矿流体的驱动机制、成矿金属的迁移机制和沉淀富集机制、成矿时代、成矿模式等。文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,主要从含矿建造和区域盆地卤水活动两个方面对MVT矿床的成矿规律进行了系统的总结和综合研究,厘定了MVT矿床的含矿建造,主要包括特定的含矿岩性组合、盆地中的红层、生烃层等,分析了区域盆地卤水活动对MVT矿床的制约,主要包括区域白云石化与MVT铅锌矿床的空间分布关系、与MVT铅锌矿床常伴生的其他类型矿床,并对MVT铅锌矿床的成因进行了初步的探讨。最后,认为特定的岩性组合(特别是砂岩、碳酸盐岩、泥页岩组合)、含矿岩系下部碎屑岩的褪色蚀变、区域红层盆地的广泛发育、生烃盆地的边缘、区域白云石化的前锋地带等,是MVT矿床及其伴生矿床找矿勘探的重要参考依据。     

济阳坳陷埕东凸起基底岩石组合、原岩恢复及地质意义

济阳坳陷埕东凸起太古界基底分布广泛,岩石类型丰富。岩心及显微薄片观察表明,岩石组合以花岗片麻岩、二长片麻岩和黑云母斜长片麻岩等各类片麻岩和石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等古老岩浆岩为主,少量石英岩、变粒岩等变质表壳岩以及云煌细晶岩、钾长花岗岩等年轻侵入岩脉。岩石地球化学分析及区域对比揭示,各类片麻岩的原岩为中酸性侵入岩,属于TTG质片麻岩,而石英岩和变粒岩属于变质表壳岩范畴,原岩为沉积岩。基底岩石构造样式为片麻岩或侵入岩形成构造穹窿,规模较小的变质表壳岩零星分布在周边。盆地基底岩石组合、变质岩原岩恢复与构造样式分析表明,渤海湾盆地覆盖区基底性质与露头区相似,是华北克拉通变质基底重要组成部分。这些认识对弄清盆地基底潜山油藏储层特征与展布具有重要指导作用,为深入研究变质岩潜山内幕油藏储层演化规律提供了依据。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷沉积演化模式与油气成藏关系探讨

在现有的钻井、测井、地球物理及古生物等资料的基础上,应用储层沉积学、层序地层学等方法,深入研究了白云凹陷沉积充填演化模式及其展布规律。由于受重大构造事件、气候、物源供给、古地理和海平面变化等多种因素的影响,白云凹陷形成了独特的三层结构及多类型盆地叠置的沉积体系,其对深水油气形成及其分布富集特征等均具有深刻的影响和制约。同时,笔者在上述研究的基础上,还综合分析了白云深水区烃源岩生烃潜力、储盖组合及深水扇沉积体系与油气运聚成藏之间的成因耦合关系。白云凹陷深水扇圈闭成藏的烃源应以恩平组烃源岩的贡献为主,凹陷主体应以深水扇储层及其形成的各种圈闭为目标,周边以23.8Ma以前的浅水砂岩储层及其大型披覆构造为勘探重点,以期获得深水油气勘探的新突破。     

船只目标SAR、HFSWR和AIS多手段融合探测的点迹关联分析

A space-borne synthetic aperture radar （SAR）, a high frequency surface wave radar （HFSWR）, and a ship automatic identification system （AIS） are the main remote sensors for vessel monitoring in a wide range. These three sensors have their own advantages and weaknesses, and they can complement each other in some situations. So it would improve the capability of vessel target detection to use multiple sensors including SAR, HFSWR, and A/S to identify non-cooperative vessel targets from the fusion results. During the fusion process of multiple sensors＇ detection results, point association is one of the key steps, and it can affect the accuracy of the data fusion and the efficiency of a non-cooperative target＇s recognition. This study investigated the point association analyses of vessel target detection under different conditions： space- borne SAR paired with AIS, as well as HFSWR, paired with AIS, and the characteristics of the SAR and the HFSWR and their capability of vessel target detection. Then a point association method of multiple sensors was proposed. Finally, the thresholds selection of key parameters in the points association （including range threshold, radial velocity threshold, and azimuth threshold） were investigated, and their influences on final association results were analyzed.     

Fishery-seal interactions in Irish waters: Current perspectives and future research priorities

Interactions between seals and the fishing industry are an on-going problem in Ireland and indeed globally across the range of most seal species. These interactions occur at both the operational (seal damage to catches and fishing gear) and biological (competition for shared resources) level. With declines in fish stocks there has been increased interest in the extent of competition for resources between commercial fisheries and seals. High levels of seal damage perceived by the fishing industry has led to frequent calls for seal culls, highlighting the significance of the problem. However, the scale of interaction between seals and commercial fishing and aquaculture in Ireland heretofore remained unclear. A comprehensive review of existing data, augmented with data from key stakeholders on the current state of play is presented to provide a realistic and representative account of the situation. This suggests that seal interactions with commercial fisheries in Ireland are most significant in inshore (<12 nautical miles from shore) static-net (or passive) fisheries (e.g. gill/tangle nets) and have increased following the driftnet ban in 2006, which suggests displacement of seal interactions from salmon to other fisheries. The industry highlighted pollack, angler fish, cod, and turbot fisheries as the main inshore fisheries currently impacted by operational damage to gear and catch by seals. Seal damage to line-caught salmon continues, with industry feedback suggesting large geographical variation in the range of damage levels reported. Salmon farming installations are also increasingly being targeted by seals, with significant losses due to seal depredation being reported. In the absence of robust data on seal depredation, the extent to which changes in fishing gear and practices have reduced damage levels, or resulted in displacement of seal foraging effort, is unknown. Recommendations are made to suggest how research efforts should be focused to address critical data gaps identified in the study.     

Social indicators of vulnerability for fishing communities in the Northern Gulf of California,Mexico: Implications for climate change

Marine fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide. These fisheries and the communities that depend on them are highly vulnerable to climate change and other interacting anthropogenic threats. The cumulative and interacting effects of these stressors could potentially produce declines in fish production, which would significantly impact artisanal fishers. Assessing relative vulnerability of fishing communities to anthropogenic stressors is an important first step to identifying mitigation or adaptation strategies. This study assessed the vulnerability of 12 coastal communities in the Northern Gulf of California to disruptions in fishing activities from anthropogenic stressors, including climate change. The Northern Gulf is a megadiverse area and a major source of fishery resources. Quantitative indicator indices based on secondary and primary data were developed to assess the three aspects of vulnerability: sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity. The key components of vulnerability varied amongst communities. Vulnerability was higher in communities with higher fishing dependence and lower socioeconomic diversification. The approach presented here provides important insights into the type of policy actions that might be needed in different communities for adaptation and mitigation.     

Subsidies,public goods,and external benefits in fisheries

The fisheries subsidy discussion has largely overlooked the increased welfare for society from Pigouvian subsidies that increase the supply of and investment in public goods when there are external benefits and free riding. Important fisheries public goods and external benefits include knowledge associated with new technology for “target” species and “bycatch” reduction, research and development for new technology, and ecosystem services and biodiversity. Careful definition of subsidies also requires consideration of the counter-factual or what would have happened without the action to which the fishery “subsidy” is attributed. Subsidies in the Western and Central Pacific tuna fishery are evaluated according to these and other criteria.     

Punishment and compliance: Exploring scenarios to improve the legitimacy of small-scale fisheries management rules on the Brazilian coast

This study investigated the effects of legal and societal punishment on fishermen's compliance behaviour, according to fishermen's age and level of dependency on fisheries, through the use of interviews and scenarios. Ninety-five fishermen living in a coastal park (Ponta do Tubarão Sustainable Development Reserve) in the Brazilian northeast, where controlled exploitation of natural resources is allowed, took part in this study. The results showed that age alone would not affect compliance, regardless of the level of enforcement. However, it was noticed that the fishermen who claimed to depend on the money provided by fisheries, regardless of their age, were more likely to say that they would not comply, even if enforcement were stricter. The scenario analysis showed that increased monitoring and punishment (including societal pressure) could enhance compliance, especially among younger fishermen, who claimed not to depend solely on fisheries. Therefore, fisheries management should also consider differences in social groups, and not focus solely on the enforcement and punishment mechanisms, assuring that livelihood options that consider different social needs are provided.