长三角区域创新集群的技术创新联系特征及影响探究——以新材料产业为例

基于区域创新集群的相关概念辨析,提出基于长三角一体化战略的区域创新集群概念,并通过IncoPat网站获取2000—2017年长三角新材料产业已获授权的发明专利,在刻画新材料区域创新集群技术创新联系特征的基础上,利用二步系统广义矩阵估计（Generalized Method of Moments,GMM）模型测度融入区域创新集群的深度与广度对地方创新集群的影响,得到如下结论：第一,区域创新集群的发展符合“点-轴”发展理论的观点,以上海、南京、杭州等发达地方创新集群为增长极,在空间上率先形成以增长极为节点的发展轴,成为区域创新集群的核心组团。第二,区域创新集群技术创新联系具备“全球-地方”创新网络阐述的多种类型知识交互耦合的特征,在同质性知识交互的基础上,异质性知识的交互同样占据重要地位。第三,当前阶段长三角区域创新集群中核心组团的极化效应大于扩散效应,更易在区域创新集群的建设中获益,并且知识基础的正向调节作用明显。区域创新集群研究尚处于起步阶段,相关研究亟待经济地理学者进一步展开。     

上海市建设用地与经济社会发展的空间计量经济分析

利用空间计量模型对上海市镇域2009年建设用地规模与经济社会发展之间的关系进行了研究。研究表明：上海镇域的建设用地面积、GDP、固定资产投资额、总人口和城市化率都有显著的空间相关特征,说明传统计量分析低估了区域社会经济发展对建设用地增长的作用,也忽略了一个区域经济社会发展对邻近区域的建设用地的增长的“溢出效应”,忽略空间相关性和异质性的传统估计模型已不再适用,须考虑引入空间变量对传统模型进行修正。空间误差模型检验表明,建设用地扩张主要受GDP和人口增长的驱动,其中总人口的影响更为显著,而固定资产投资和城市化水平提高对建设用地规模影响甚微。因此,合理把握人口增长节奏,促进农村建设用地集约水平提高,是当前缓解土地资源紧缺的有效途径之一。     

许桥银矿床找矿模式及应用效果

使用综合找矿信息进行预测找矿，本文具有独特的思路、见解及处理方法．认为不同矿种、不同成因类型的相同矿种以及虽为同一成因类型矿种但其埋深、产状有差异的矿床，各有其特殊性的组合找矿信息指标。经过实践验证取得找矿成效的最佳优化组合找矿信息指标，才是合格、实用的找矿模式。建立找矿模式决不能简单抽象概括，必须具体对待，逐一总结，这是成矿预测学中一项庞大的系统工程。     

A climate-informed,ecosystem approach to fisheries management

This paper outlines the benefits of using the framework for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for dealing with the inevitable yet unclear impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coastal fisheries. With a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, it summarizes the projected biological and socio-economic effects of increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) for coastal fisheries and illustrates how all the important dimensions of climate change and ocean acidification can be integrated into the steps involved in the EAFM planning process. The activities required to harness the full potential of an EAFM as an adaptation to climate change and ocean acidification are also described, including: provision of the necessary expertise to inform all stakeholders about the risks to fish habitats, fish stocks and catches due to climate change; promotion of trans-disciplinary collaboration; facilitating the participation of all key stakeholders; monitoring the wider fisheries system for climate impacts; and enhancing resources and capacity to implement an EAFM. By channeling some of the resources available to the Asia-Pacific region to adapt to climate change into an EAFM, developing countries will not only build resilience to the ecological and fisheries effects of climate change, they will also help address the habitat degradation and overfishing presently reducing the productivity of coastal fisheries.     

Method and application of comprehensive knowledge discovery

This paper proposes the principle of comprehensive knowledge discovery. Unlike most of the current knowledge discovery methods, the comprehensive knowledge discovery considers both the spatial relations and attributes of spatial entities or objects. We introduce the theory of spatial knowledge expression system and some concepts including comprehensive knowledge discovery and spatial union information table (SUIT). In theory, SUIT records all information contained in the studied objects, but in reality, because of the complexity and varieties of spatial relations, only those factors of interest to us are selected. In order to find out the comprehensive knowledge from spatial databases, an efficient comprehensive knowledge discovery algorithm called recycled algorithm (RAR) is suggested.     

Evaluating data stability in aggregation structures across spatial scales: revisiting the modifiable areal unit problem

ABSTRACT

Socioeconomic and health analysts commonly rely on areally aggregated data, in part because government regulations on confidentiality prohibit data release at the individual level. Analytical results from areally aggregated data, however, are sensitive to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Levels of aggregation as well as the arbitrary and modifiable sizes, shapes, and arrangements of zones affect the validity and reliability of findings from analyses of areally aggregated data. MAUP, long acknowledged, remains unresolved. We present an exploratory spatial data analytical approach (ESDA) to understand the scalar effects of MAUP. To characterize relationships between data aggregation structures and spatial scales, we develop a method for statistically and visually exploring the local indicators of spatial association (LISA) exhibited between a variable and itself across varying levels of aggregation. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing the across-scale relationships of aggregated 2010 median income for the State of Pennsylvania and 2005–2009 cancer diagnosis rates for the State of New York between county–tract, tract–block group, and county–block group level US census designated enumeration units. This method for understanding the relationship between MAUP and spatial scale provides guidance to researchers in selecting the most appropriate scales to aggregate, analyze, and represent data for problem-specific analyses.     

基于核密度分析与关联规则的天水盆地黄土滑坡规律研究

滑坡灾害是天水盆地最严重的地质灾害.本文基于已有的灾害数据,利用GIS叠加分析的结果作为滑坡灾害点的属性特征,与灾害点的核密度分析结果建立关联规则,找出高风险滑坡区域与相关属性特征的关联关系.结果表明:天水盆地的滑坡灾害与降水条件、地层岩性以及地形坡度有较强的关联关系.     

A Review of “Villages,Women and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development”

Conceptual advances for understanding the organization of family farms have not yet initiated parallel debates about how they might be aligned with the methods used to understand them. Customization of a novel research approach—farm life history—for an investigation of the socioeconomic organization of forty Australian farms responds to this literature gap. Individual farm life histories were initiated using farm tours (truck journeys) in which changes to the composition of land parcels prompted research conversations. The researcher and participants benefited from using motorized transport and traveling while talking, but the benefits were experienced unevenly across research encounters.     

区域地球化学元素分布与组合求异方法

在与单元素异常处理方法比较基础上,应用多元素空间分布与空间定量组合求异方法,以吉林白山地区1∶ 20 万化探测量数据处理分析为例,进行空间定量组合求异模型研究,建立了该区的中大比例尺因子--泛克里格模型,应用DEM 原理表达三维元素空间分布模型,并给出地质解译。结果表明: 多元空间定量组合求异法较传统单元素求异法不仅精度更高,更能反应元素空间的内在结构与关联性,且提供了更多的地学信息,尤其使DEM 的三维表达更为直观。     

关于保障性住房

廉租房和公租房不可能产生投资回报,必然形成财政＂窟窿＂。政府不宜包得太多。保障性住房建设,不可能使房价下降。根本解决办法是把自主性需求与投资、投机需求切割开,建立单独的供应体系。比较好的办法是大力发展住宅合作经济。