东太平洋多金属结核及相关因素概述

以翔实的照片与图件资料为依据, 展示东太平洋中国开辟区内多金属结核类型及其在大洋底赋存状态; 结核内部叠层石纹层及其建造者——两种超微生物化石特征; 不同类型结核的矿物与化学成分特点。同时对结核分布规律与区内地化环境、水深、地形、沉积物类型等之间关系也作扼要说明。     

岩浆岩储层的形成及油气藏类型

对岩浆岩这一特殊油气藏的储层形成及其孔隙结构特征进行了较系统的阐述 ,认为造成该类储层的决定性因素为构造运动、风化及热液作用等 ,形成了以次生的裂缝为主的复杂孔隙结构类型 ,其储渗空间的分布具有局限性和一定的分散性。由此 ,也造成该类油气藏在分类上的特殊性 ,即按其储层成因的主导因素可分为 :构造裂缝油气藏、古风化壳油气藏及火山碎屑岩油气藏等三大类、若干种 ;提出岩浆岩油气藏在地壳中分布的规律 ,为勘探和开发该类油气藏提供一定的理论基础和评价的依据。     

Cross-correlation coefficients and modal combination rules for non-classically damped systems

In stochastic analysis the knowledge of cross-correlation coefficients is required in order to combine the response of the modal Single-Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) oscillators for obtaining the nodal response. Moreover these coefficients play a fundamental role in the seismic analysis of structures when the response spectrum method is used. In fact they are used in some modal combination rules in order to obtain the maximum response quantities starting from the modal maxima. Herein a method for the evaluation of the cross-correlation coefficients for non-classically damped systems is presented. It is defined in the time domain instead of the frequency domain as usually encountered in the literature. Although non-classically damped structures possess complex eigenproperties, the great advantage in using this approach lies in the fact that the evaluation of these coefficients does not require complex quantities. Moreover a further particularization of the presented method allows a simple application of the spectrum analysis requiring only one response spectrum for an assigned damping ratio. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩石地震波性质的实验与理论研究

岩石的地震波性质是解释地震观测资料的基础。本文首先以中国大陆超深钻主孔的榴辉岩为例,将榴辉岩在高温高压(最大为500MPa和700℃)下观测矿物组成、晶格优选定向(LPO)、温度和压力对其地震波性质的影响。然后对岩石地震波性质数据库进行统计分析,指出长英质岩石的波速与石英或长石的含量没有相关性;从酸性岩、基性岩到超基性岩,随着SiO2含量的降低和铁镁矿物含量的增高,岩石波速逐渐增高,云母和角闪石的LPO是陆壳地震波各项异性的主要来源;波速与孔隙率的负相关受流体与压力的影响。     

鲍店煤矿瓦斯涌出规律分析

利用构造学、沉积学、数学模型分析等方法,简要分析了鲍店煤矿基本地质条件及影响瓦斯赋存的不同因素,论述了研究区影响瓦斯的主要地质因素,包括地质构造、煤层顶板岩性和上覆基岩厚度。总结了鲍店煤矿瓦斯涌出规侓,认为该井田瓦斯涌出量东北部偏高,西南部较低。     

基于知识规则集的城市工程地质数据库质量控制

通过对现有数据库质量控制理论和方法的研究,分析了城市工程地质数据库特点,并在挖掘城市工程地质数据库中空间数据的拓扑一致性和属性数据逻辑一致性的基础上,建立了面向城市工程地质数据库的知识规则集,进而提出了基于知识规则集的城市工程地质数据库质量控制的技术方法体系。最后,以南京市工程地质数据库为例,基于该质量控制方法进行数据库质量控制实验,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

辽宁有色金属矿山新一轮地质探矿思路谈

根据辽宁省有色金属矿山资源现状,加强矿山新一轮地质探矿是一项十分必要而紧迫的任务.兰家沟特大型钼矿、高家堡子大型银多金属矿和吴家屯铅锌矿的发现,说明有色金属矿山具有较大的资源潜力和找矿远景,也为新一轮地质探矿起到了成功的示范作用.在新一轮地质探矿中要发挥地勘部门和有色矿山各自优势和积极性,密切合作,开发多年积累的老资料.在现代地质成矿理论的指导下,重视研究矿田(床)成矿规律,预测资源潜力,分析找矿远景、通过找矿思路创新、勘查技术方法创新.突破新的成矿区段,新类型矿床和新矿种.实现新一轮地质探矿的目标.     

地学关联规则与时空推理的渔业分析应用

在阐述地学关联规则背景的同时,对地学关联规则作了分类:即空间特征规则、空间区别规则、空间关联规则和时空关联规则。并给出了时空关联规则的数学定义,分析了各指标的意义和对规则提取的影响。进一步对地学关联规则所处理的数据抽象层次、地学数据维数、变量类别和空间配置四方面,进行了剖析和分类。基于规则中数据的抽象层次,将其分为单层关联规则和跨层关联规则;基于规则中涉及到的地学数据维数,将其分为单维关联规则和多维关联规则;基于规则中处理变量的类别,将其分为布尔型和数值型;基于空间配置,将其分为局部关联规则和邻域关联规则。最后,结合海洋渔业的实例,论述了关联规则在时空推理过程中的步骤和方法。     

Upwelling into the thermocline of the Pacific Ocean

The established “island rule” and the recently introduced “separation formula” are combined to yield an analytical expression for the total upwelling into the thermocline in the Pacific. The combination of the two is achieved with the use of a hybrid model containing a stratified upper layer, a thick (slowly moving) homogenous intermediate layer and an inert lower layer. Both the upper and the intermediate layers are subject to diabatic cooling and heating (which need not be specified) and there is an exchange of mass between the two active layers. An attempt is made to examine the above analytical (hybrid) model numerically. Ideally, this should be done with a complete two-and-a-half layer model (with upwelling and downwelling), but such a model is much too complex for process-oriented studies (due to the required parameterization of vertical mixing). Consequently, we focus our attention on verifying that the separation formula and the island rule are consistent with each other in a much simpler, layer-and-a-half model (without upwelling). We first verified that the new “separation formula” provides a reasonable estimate of the wind-induced transport in an island-free basin. We then compare the wind-induced transport predicted by the separation formula and the island rule in an idealized basin containing an island. We show that in these idealized situations the two methods give results that are consistent with each other and the numerics. We then turned to an application of the (hybrid) two-and-a-half layer model to the Pacific where, in contrast to the idealized layer-and-a-half models (where the two methods address the same water mass), the two methods address two different water masses. While the separation formula addresses only thermocline water (σ_θ<26.20), the island rule addresses all the water down to 27.5σ_θ (i.e., both the upper and intermediate layer). This is why the application of the two methods to the Pacific gives two different results — an application of the formula gives zero warm water transport whereas an application of the island rule gives 16 Sv. Namely, the difference between the amount predicted by the island rule (16 Sv) and the amount predicted by the separation formula (zero) enters the Pacific as intermediate water and is then somehow upwelled into the thermocline. The upwelling should take place north of the southern western boundary currents separation (40°S).