利率市场化改革对海洋航运业发展的影响研究

利率市场化改革是我国正在进行的改革之一。中国的商业银行可以借此提高自身的竞争力,以此来应对新经济常态下可能的各种挑战。发展海洋经济是我国最新的国家战略,也是中国新的经济增长点。推动海洋经济向高层次发展,优化海洋经济结构,离不开来自金融层面的支持。而利率市场化改革将促进银行业之间的相互竞争,使商业银行的资金进入相对高风险、高收益的海洋经济中。文章以海洋经济中的大头——海洋航运为例,分析了利率市场化改革对海洋航运业发展的影响,阐述了利率市场化对推动海洋航运发展的重要意义,在此基础上从金融支持的角度对发展海洋航运业提出了加大金融政策倾斜力度,加强金融机构人才队伍建设和金融机构业务能力建设,加强资本市场建设、拓宽融资渠道、促进投资多元化和利用科技手段加强信息收集与共享等政策建议。     

Financial caps for oil pollution damage: A historical mistake?

The limitation of liability (known as financial caps) of the ship owner has a long tradition in maritime law in general and in the marine oil pollution compensation regime in particular. This paper uses the economic instrument to critically analyze such a mechanism, in order to answer the question if the financial caps are indeed a historical mistake.     

柔性承台下群桩及刚性桩筏基础的竖向振动分析

基于简化的群桩动力计算模型,采用有限元子结构方法和薄层法,提出了与工程实际情况更为接近的完全埋入、部分埋入群桩和刚性桩筏基础的计算方法。分析了层状地基中不同激振频率条件下,承台板厚度、桩间距对于群桩动力阻抗的影响,研究了不同承台板厚度条件下群桩阻抗的分布规律。通过与传统刚性承台下群桩动力特性的比较分析,验证了本模型的合理性。     

上海市环球金融中心结构地震反应台阵

"十五"期间,中国地震局在上海市环球金融中心建立我国第一个超高层结构地震反应专用台阵,随后上海市地震局对其进行升级改造。本文详细介绍环球金融中心超高层建筑结构地震反应台阵的测点布设,改造后台阵观测系统技术组成、远程通信方式、台网中心数据处理系统以及获得的强震记录。本台阵建设可以为高层建筑的抗震抗风研究提供数据支撑,为今后结构台阵建设积累宝贵经验。     

Sublimation kinetics of CO2 ice on Mars

Dynamic models of the martian polar caps are in abundance, but most rely on the assumption that the rate of sublimation of CO₂ ice can be calculated from heat transfer and lack experimental verification. We experimentally measured the sublimation rate of pure CO₂ ice under simulated martian conditions as a test of this assumption, developed a model based on our experimental results, and compared our model's predictions with observations from several martian missions (MRO, MGS, Viking). We show that sun irradiance is the primary control for the sublimation of CO₂ ice on the martian poles with the amount of radiation penetrating the surface being controlled by variations in the optical depth, ensuring the formation and sublimation of the seasonal cap. Our model confirmed by comparison of MGS-MOC and MRO-HiRISE images, separated by 2-3 martian years, shows that ∼0.4 m are currently being lost from the south perennial cap per martian year. At this rate, the ∼2.4-m-thick south CO₂ perennial cap will disappear in about 6-7 martian years, unless a short-scale climatic cycle alters this rate of retreat.     

Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations of variations in atmospheric dust optical depth over cold surfaces

The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument has returned over 200 million thermal infrared spectra of Mars taken between March 1999 and August 2004. This represents one of the most complete records of spatial and temporal changes of the martian atmosphere ever recorded by an orbiting spacecraft. Previous reports of the standard TES retrieval of aerosol optical depth have been limited to those observations taken over surfaces with temperatures above 210 K, limiting the spatiotemporal coverage of Polar Regions with TES. Here, we present an extension to the standard TES retrieval that better models the effects of cold surfaces below 200 K. This modification allows aerosol optical depth to be retrieved from TES spectra over a greater spatiotemporal range than was previously possible, specifically in Polar Regions. This new algorithm is applied to the Polar Regions to show the seasonal variability in dust and ice optical depth for the complete temporal range of the TES database (Mars Year 24, Ls=104°, 1 March 1999 to Mars Year 24, Ls=82°, 31 August 2004).     

OMEGA/Mars Express: South Pole Region, water vapor daily variability

Polar regions on Mars are the most suitable places to observe water vapor daily variability because in any observation crossing the Pole we can observe very different local time and because the poles are considered to be the main permanent and seasonal water reservoir of the planet. We report on a daily variability of water vapor in the South Pole Region (SPR), observed by OMEGA/Mars Express during the south spring-summer period (Ls∼250°-270°) outside the CO₂ ice cap, that has never been observed before by other instruments. We have been able to estimate an increase of few precipitable microns during the day. A possible scenario includes the presence of regolith, or another component that could gather water from the atmosphere, adsorbing the water into the surface during the night time and desorbing it as soon as the Sun reaches sufficient height to heat the ground. This hypothesis is even more plausible considering the presence of observed local enhancements in the morning sections associated with the illumination of the Sun and the total absence in the data for water ice.     

A method to infer past surface mass balance and topography from internal layers in martian polar layered deposits

Internal layers in ice masses can be detected with ice-penetrating radar. In a flowing ice mass, each horizon represents a past surface that has been subsequently buried by accumulation, and strained by ice flow. These layers retain information about relative spatial patterns of accumulation and ablation (mass balance). Internal layers are necessary to accurately infer mass-balance patterns because the ice-surface shape only weakly reflects spatial variations in mass balance. Additional rate-controlling information, such as the layer age, the ice temperature, or the ice-grain sizes and ice-crystal fabric, can be used to infer the absolute rate of mass balance. To infer mass balance from the shapes of internal layers, we solve an inverse problem. The solution to the inverse problem is the best set or sets of unknown boundary conditions or initial conditions that, when used in our calculation of ice-surface elevation and internal-layer shape, generate appropriate predictions of observations that are available. We also show that internal layers can be used to infer martian paleo-surface topography from a past era of ice flow, even though the topography may have been largely altered by subsequent erosion. We have successfully inferred accumulation rates and surface topography from internal layers in Antarctica. Using synthetic data, we demonstrate the ability of this method to solve the corresponding inverse problem to infer accumulation and ablation rates, as well as the surface topography, for martian ice. If past ice flow has affected the shapes of martian internal layers, this method is necessary to infer the spatial pattern and rate of mass balance.     

松辽盆地南部泉头组-嫩江组层序地层与油气藏成因成藏组合

通过对松辽盆地南部白垩系泉头组—嫩江组层序地层分析揭示，青二段顶至青三段底及嫩一、二段为湖域范围最广的两个时期，分别与两个二级旋回的凝缩段(CS1、CS2)相当，也是松辽盆地南部两套区域性烃源岩和区域性盖层发育的时期。这两套区域性盖层将泉三、四段至嫩江组油层自然地划分为上、中、下3套有成因联系的油气成藏组合：泉三、四段至青一、二段为下部成藏组合，青三段至姚家组为中部成藏组合，嫩江组为上部成藏组合，同一成藏组合具共同的区域性盖层。同传统年代划分方案相比，新的划分方案以层序地层学为基础，以成藏控制因素——区域性盖层为划分依据，这对松辽盆地南部油气藏的进一步勘探起着重要的作用。     

Determining factors of the development of a national financial center: the case of China

This study explores, theoretically and empirically, one of the important issues of the geography of finance, namely the location of high-level financial services. Specifically, we will try to explain why foreign financial services are spatially concentrated in a particular city so as to form a national financial center in China. By reviewing various forces behind the formation of a financial center, we argue that information problems have created the need for geographic agglomeration of financial activities based on the source of information. This is true even in an era when financial markets work through sophisticated telecommunication networks. Based on a survey of the actual location of multinational corporation (MNC) regional headquarters, and through investigation of reasons for the agglomeration of these headquarters, we anticipate that Beijing, as the prime source of policy information, is more likely than other Chinese cities to be the national pre-eminent financial center when the Chinese financial markets become more open to foreign firms in the near future. This study illustrates, using China as a case study, that geography still provides strong justification of why major financial services continue to have a high degree of spatial agglomeration in particular locations, despite the fact that the electronic transmission of information has substantially reduced the friction of distance.