东南亚金融危机对上海经济发展的影响及其对策初探

对中国大陆经济中心之一的上海市来说,东南亚金融危机一方面造成了区域经济发展速度的降低、企业经营困难加大、产业空间结构调整计划延期,但另一方面却同时也为上海市宏观经济特别是工业经济政策调整提供了千载难逢的大好机会。从上海市经济可持续发展的要求出发,上海市应该重新认识工业在国民经济中的主导作用,重视与国内其它地区的经济合作,重视新技术研究开发,重视工业空间布局的调整和优化     

地勘单位强化财务管理的几点经验

面对新形势新任务,山东地勘单位强化项目资金管理和风险意识,在工作中注重细节,合理纳税筹划,正确处理国家、单位及职工的利益关系,确保地勘单位经济健康运行,取得了较好的经济效益。     

施工单位财务内部控制研究

财务内部控制是为了保证单位财务目标的实现,是单位内部控制的核心。我国施工单位以项目管理为核心的经营管理体制已基本形成。受投资规模大、生产周期长、影响因素多、竞争异常激烈等行业特点所限,财务风险贯穿于施工单位工程项目施工全过程。因此,施工单位财务风险管理更为复杂。本文以内部控制、COSO基本框架、系统工程等作为理论基础,系统地分析了施工单位的财务风险点,提出了＂以项目成本控制为核心,以项目全过程管控为主线,以全面预算控制为抓手＂的施工单位财务内部控制基本框架结构。     

Integrating radar stratigraphy with high resolution visible stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits,Mars

Shallow Radar (SHARAD) on board NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has successfully detected tens of reflectors in the subsurface of the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) of Mars. Radar reflections are hypothesized to originate from the same material interfaces that result in visible layering. As a first step towards verifying this assumption, this study uses signal analyses and geometric comparisons to quantitatively examine the relationship between reflectors and visible layers exposed in an NPLD outcrop. To understand subsurface structures and reflector geometry, reflector surfaces have been gridded in three dimensions, taking into account the influence of surface slopes to obtain accurate subsurface geometries. These geometries reveal reflector dips that are consistent with optical layer slopes. Distance–elevation profiling of subsurface reflectors and visible layer boundaries reveals that reflectors and layers demonstrate similar topography, verifying that reflectors represent paleosurfaces of the deposit. Statistical and frequency-domain analyses of the separation distances between successive layers and successive reflectors confirms the agreement of radar reflector spacing with characteristic spacing of certain visible layers. Direct elevation comparisons between individual reflectors and discrete optical layers, while necessary for a one-to-one correlation, are complicated by variations in subsurface structure that exist between the outcrop and the SHARAD observations, as inferred from subsurface mapping. Although these complications have prevented a unique correlation, a genetic link between radar reflectors and visible layers has been confirmed, validating the assumption that radar reflectors can be used as geometric proxies for visible stratigraphy. Furthermore, the techniques for conducting a stratigraphic integration have been generalized and improved so that the integration can be undertaken at additional locations.     

A naive uncertainty model for measuring operational risks faced by financial institutions

When insufficient data are available for measuring operational risk faced by a financial institute, most of the models depending on the probability theory are failure. Differing from that we use a probability distribution to depict random uncertainty, in this paper we use a number to represent the naive uncertainty in a phase serving for operational risk identification. The simplest form of the naive uncertainty model for measuring operational risk with multiple phases is the weighted mean with the uncertainties. It is also valid when we have a rough judgment for the uncertainties with intervals or fuzzy values. In this paper, we give a calculation case in lending operational risk to demonstrate the model validity.     

上海陆家嘴金融产业集群发展研究

随着我国东部沿海地区产业升级的压力增加,金融产业集群赢得了越来越多的关注.在分析大量资料以及开展问卷、面对面访谈的基础上,利用VCM曲线方法,对上海陆家嘴金融产业集群的内部联系、行业协会作用、人员交流等进行了系统的分析,陆家嘴金融企业空间集聚现象明显,企业之间的垂直联系较强,而水平联系较弱,金融从业人员之间的非正式交流很少,陆家嘴金融产业集群属于比较典型的轮轴式产业集群.为了提升陆家嘴金融产业集群的核心竞争力,需要在进一步壮大金融产业规模的同时,还应该提升外商独资企业、合资企业的地方根植性,重视金融人才的培养和引进,大幅改善金融企业水平合作联系的硬件和软件环境条件.     

美国退出《巴黎协定》对全球温室气体排放的影响

现有研究表明美国退出《巴黎协定》将会在2025年导致其国内排放增加约1.2 Gt CO₂-eq,然而美国退出《巴黎协定》对全球气候治理的影响不仅限于此,还包括资金效应、政治效应,以及惯性效应等对全球排放的间接和长期影响。本文通过构建体现不同效应的全球温室气体排放情景,分析了美国退出《巴黎协定》后对全球温室气体排放可能造成的不同影响。结果表明,美国退出《巴黎协定》的自身效应、资金效应、对伞形国家的政治效应和对发展中国家的政治效应,将分别导致全球2030年的年温室气体净排放量(扣除碳汇吸收量后的温室气体排放量)上升2.0、1.0、1.0和1.9 Gt CO₂-eq,并导致全球2015—2100年的累计排放量分别上升246.9、145.3、102.0和270.2 Gt CO₂-eq。为防止美国退出《巴黎协定》的不利影响进一步扩大,中国应积极引领全球气候治理制度的建设与发展,与各国紧密合作全面平衡地推进《巴黎协定》的落实和实施。     

MOC observations of four Mars year variations in the south polar residual cap of Mars

The residual south polar cap of Mars (RSPC) is distinct from the residual north polar cap both in composition and in morphology. CO₂ frost in the RSPC is stabilized by its high albedo during southern spring and summer despite the relatively large insolation during that period. The morphology of the RSPC in summer displays a bewildering variety of depressions that are formed in relatively thin layers of CO₂. The increase of the size of these depressions between each of the first three years of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) observations may possibly signal some sort of climate change on the planet. For example, the erosion of the bright plateaus might reduce the RSPC albedo and affect the energy balance. The Mars Orbiter Cameras (MOC) on MGS observed Mars for four consecutive martian years before contact with the spacecraft was lost in late 2006. During this period coverage of the polar regions was particularly dense because MGS flew over them on every orbit. In this paper we report on the four-year behavior of the morphological features in the RSPC and on the large-scale variability in RSPC albedo over the period. The changes in the size of the surface features in the RSPC due to backwasting that were first observed between Mars years (MY) 24 and 25 and subsequently between MY25 and M26 was observed to continue at the same rate through MY 27. The results indicate that on average thicker layers in the RSPC retreat faster than thinner ones, roughly in proportion to their thickness. We argue that a simple difference in porosity between the A and B layers can explain this difference although other factors could be involved. The large-scale albedo of the RSPC decreases as the depressions are uncovered by sublimation of seasonal CO₂. However, any interannual differences in albedo due to the backwasting process are masked by interannual differences in the summer dust opacity in the RSPC region.     

High-resolution atmospheric observations by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System

High-resolution observations of atmospheric phenomena by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) during its first mapping year are presented. An atmospheric campaign was implemented on the basis of previous spacecraft imaging. This campaign, however, proved of limited success. This appears to be due to the late local time of the Odyssey orbit (the locations of activity at 4–6 p.m. appear to be different from those at 2 p.m.). Ironically, images targeting the surface were more useful for study of the atmosphere than those images specifically targeting atmospheric features. While many previously recognized features were found, novel THEMIS observations included persistent clouds in the southern polar layered deposits, dust or condensate plumes on the northern polar layered deposits, dust plumes as constituent parts of local dust storms, and mesospheric clouds. The former two features tend to be aligned parallel and normal to polar troughs, respectively, suggesting a wind system directed normal to troughs and radially outward from the center of the polar deposits. This is consistent with katabatic drainage of air off the polar deposits, analogous to flow off Antarctica. The observation of dust lifting plumes at unprecedented resolution associated with local dust storms not only demonstrates the importance of mean wind stresses (as opposed to dust devils) in initiation of dust storms, but is also seen to be morphologically identical to dust lifting in terrestrial dust storms. As Odyssey moves to earlier local times, we suggest that the atmospheric campaign from the first mapping year be repeated.     

Against (the idea of) financial markets

The difference between bank-based and market-based financial systems is a longstanding and influential conceptual staple of the interdisciplinary literature on finance. This dualistic model has been subjected to wide-ranging critiques over the past decade. Yet, while those critiques productively problematize the relationship between banks and markets presumed by the model, they fail to address the underlying distinction between banks and markets that is also presumed by the model. This article questions that distinction. It argues that financial markets are best understood not as places or platforms where banks and other financial actors come to interact – and thus as essentially separate from banks – but, instead, as, in large part, their interaction; as constituted by it. The article further argues for the political as well as scholarly importance of reconfiguring our ideas of what financial markets are. The idea of markets as separate, reified phenomena not only underpins the scholarly model of bank- and market-based financial systems – it does political work in the wider world, with the appeal to financial markets or, more nebulously, “the market” to rationalize and justify political decision-making having become a commonplace of contemporary public policy discourse.