免共振沉桩过程对地表振动影响的FLAC3D数值模拟

为研究免共振沉桩过程对地表振动影响,采用密度放大法以消除模型桩弹性模量过大对计算效率的影响,在有限差分软件FLAC^3D中建立了相应的连续振动沉桩模型,并和文献中的现场测试结果进行了比较,分析了激振力幅值和振动频率这两个施工参数对地表振动响应的影响。结果表明：密度放大法可有效提高数值模拟的计算效率,模拟沉桩7.0倍桩径（4.9 m）所需计算时间约为12.0 h,数值结果较好地模拟了现场测试中免共振沉桩的地表振动影响;激振力幅值和振动频率均主要对近场（水平距离为5.0倍桩径范围内）的地表振动有明显影响;临界沉桩深度与地表振动影响峰值相对应,该深度随水平距离先增大后趋于稳定;激振力幅值对临界沉桩深度的改变不明显,振动频率对远场临界沉桩深度则有较明显影响。     

Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town(West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints

This study focuses on the sources of alkali and alkaline-earth elements based on the geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang concerning environmental and anthropogenic constraints. A comprehensive set of 50 samples from groundwater and surface water were analyzed by ICPMS and processed by spatial interpolation in a GIS environment. The results highlight a geochemical anomaly at the center of the densely inhabited area subject to a profusion of open dumps discharges. This anomaly with the highest spatial contents of Be(Cs, Rb, Mg) suggests an anthropogenic source that demarcates with the lowest alkali and alkaline-earth elements on the peripheral area of Dschang. Other findings include lithological constraints with volcanic rocks being the main source compared to granitoid.The study points out good correlations between Be, Cs, Rb and Mg spatial distributions and physicochemical parameters of waters(K, EC, TDS), and inversely with the lowest p H. p H is established as the most functioning physico-chemical constraint of alkali and alkaline-earth mobility in Dschang. The p H lowest values within the geochemical anomaly also highlight the impact of human activities on water acidity, which later enhance elements mobility and enrichment. Despite low elements contents relative to WHO standards, our findings point out an example of anthropogenic impact on water geochemistry linked to solid waste pollution; it also demonstrates significant anthropogenic changes of environmental physicochemical parameters of prime importance in the mobility and distribution of elements in the study area.Similar assessments should be extended in major towns in Cameroon.     

An Operational Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval Algorithm for Fengyun-2F/VISSR Using a Modified Three-Band Physical Split-Window Method

The Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer(VISSR) onboard the Fengyun-2(FY-2) satellite can provide valuable thermal infrared observations to help create a precipitable water vapor(PWV) product with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The current FY-2/VISSR PWV product in operation is produced by using a traditional two-band physical split-window(PSW) method, which produces low quality results under dry atmospheric conditions. Based on the sensitivity characteristics of FY-2 F/VISSR water vapor channel and two split-window channels to atmospheric water vapor, this study developed a new, robust operational PWV retrieval algorithm for FY-2 F to improve the operational precision of the current PWV product. The algorithm uses a modified three-band PSW method, which adds a scale for the water vapor channel in the improved three-band PSW method. Integrated PWV products from the radiosonde data in 2016 are used here to validate the precision of the PWV retrieved by the modified three-band and traditional two-band PSW methods. The mean bias, root mean square error(RMSE), and correlation coefficient of the PWV retrieved by the modified three-band PSW method are 0.28 mm, 4.53 mm, and 0.969, respectively. The accuracy is much better than the PWV retrieved by the two-band method, whose mean bias, RMSE, and correlation coefficient are 12.67 mm, 29.35 mm, and 0.23. Especially, in mid-or high-latitude regions, the RMSE of the PWV is improved from 10 to 2 mm by changing the inversion in the two-band method to the modified three-band PSW method. Furthermore, the modified three-band PSW results show a better consistency with the radiosonde PWV at any zonal belt and season than the two-band PSW results. This new algorithm could significantly improve the quality of the current FY-2 F/VISSR PWV product, especially at sites where the actual PWV are lower than 15 mm.     

利用FY-2F快速扫描资料分析对流初生阶段的云顶物理量特征

基于FY-2F静止气象卫星提供的2015年5—9月的高分辨率数据,通过温度阈值法识别出深、浅对流后,分析和比较了深、浅对流在对流初生(convective initiation,CI)至发展阶段中云顶高度、云顶快速降温率(cloud top cooling rate,CTC)以及多通道差值等云顶物理量特征的变化异同。结果表明:深、浅对流在CI阶段的云顶物理量特征具有相似变化特征,即云顶高度均在短时间内快速上升,CTC值均先减小后增大;深、浅对流差异表现为深(浅)对流云顶上升高度能(不能)超越水汽层高度;深对流CTC最低值较浅对流CTC最低值更低。基于CI阶段深、浅对流的CTC最低值的差异,通过个例验证,表明利用深、浅对流CTC最低值的差异,可以在识别出CI的基础,判断出CI是否发展成为深对流,从而能提前做出预警。     

静海地震台地磁加卸载响应比与邻区地震关系研究

研究分析了静海地磁台2002～2006年观测资料的加卸载响应比异常与邻区ML 4.0以上地震之间的关系,提出了适用于静海地磁台的地震分析预报异常形态特征和阈值判据.     

广西岛坪磷氯铅矿的谱学特征

磷氯铅矿(Pyromorphite)在我国比较罕见,2001年在广西岛坪发现的磷氯铅矿结晶较好,运用XRD、XRFI、R和UV/Vis等分析方法对黄色和绿色样品进行了研究。结果表明,二者XRD谱只是峰强有所不同。在它们的红外吸收谱带中,除了标准的PO43-吸收峰外,在670~800 cm-1之间和430 cm-1左右出现的两组肩峰为SiO44-振动峰。黄色样品的振动频率偏高、半峰宽偏窄、透射率与绿色样品相比较高。通过XRF分析发现黄色晶体比绿色晶体含有更多的Fe3 ,而Fe3 常使矿物呈现黄色,同时证实了黄色磷氯铅矿的红外吸收峰频率偏高是因为它的铅含量低于绿色矿。UV/Vis进一步说明在可见光区的吸收不同是使二者颜色差异的主要原因,Fe离子含量较大使磷氯铅矿呈现黄色。     

胶东乳山金矿蚀变岩中绢云母40Ar/39Ar年龄及其对金成矿事件的制约

胶东乳山金矿是我国单脉金储量最大的矿床,金的成矿具有多期多阶段的特点。为了研究早期矿化的时代,利用绢云母40Ar/39Ar法测定了乳山金矿含矿脉体旁围岩蚀变带中的绢英岩年龄。结果表明,围岩花岗岩的强烈绢英岩化蚀变年龄为129 Ma,比金发生大规模沉淀的成矿时间早约10 Ma,表明乳山金矿是多期热液成矿事件的产物,但这一事件也发生于120±10 Ma,从而证明乳山金矿与胶东其他地区金矿一样都是在中生代构造机制转折、岩石圈强烈减薄的构造背景下集中成矿的,这为进一步认识乳山金矿的成因机制和成矿动力学背景提供了新的证据。     

工程结构三维疲劳裂纹最大应力强度因子计算

介绍了裂纹的类型、裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性。以一维问题为例,推导论证了奇异单元能够很好的反映裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性。应力强度因子一般表达式表明应力强度因子与载荷呈线性关系,并依赖于物体和裂纹的几何形状和尺寸。本文借助大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,采用位移外插法计算了三维表面裂纹前沿不同位置处的应力强度因子,并与《应力强度因子手册》基于实验的理论公式计算结果相比较。结果表明:有限元结果与理论解误差较小,裂纹最深处应力强度因子最大。     

Study on inelastic displacement ratio spectra for near-fault pulse-type ground motions

In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.     

往复流作用下海底管道局部冲刷机制数值模拟

基于开源的计算流体力学模式REEF3D,建立了海底管道局部冲刷水槽数值模型,在验证单向流实验结果的基础上,进一步对往复流作用下的海底管道局部冲刷机制进行了研究,并作对比分析。研究表明,总体上往复流对管道所在海床的局部冲刷规模比单向流弱。当流向改变后,原先下游的堆积区转变成上游,优先受到冲刷,并填充到管道下方的冲刷坑,同时使水流在管道下方的作用减弱。这种回填过程使短周期下的往复流作用需要更长的冲淤平衡时间。在回填与冲刷的共同作用下,上下游的冲刷坑坡度会因流向变化而变化。