电离层F1—F2谷区结构及其变化

本文给出一个从电离层频高图提取F1-F2谷区信息的剖面分析方法.利用该方法分析处理了武昌站的垂测记录,揭示了我国中低纬地区上空F1-F2谷区形态的某些变化规律和地区特色.对该类谷区的形成机制进行了初步探讨,认为在光化理论中若考虑基态与亚稳态两种氧离子的不同作用,可以说明该谷区的出现和基本变化趋势.     

电场产生的赤道扩展F的时空演变

利用计算机模拟研究了非均匀电场产生的赤道扩展Ｆ的时空演变。非均匀电场能在赤道电离层Ｆ区底部触发Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ不稳定性，导致等离子体泡形态。计算中非均匀电场的幅度取为０．２５－１．００ｍＶ／ｍ，所产生的等离子体泡在２０００ｓ以内就能穿过Ｆ峰达到５４０ｋｍ的高度。所得结果阐明了非均匀电场在赤道扩展Ｆ中的作用，指出了产生等离子体泡一种可能的扰动源。由于Ｅ区和Ｆ区电场是相互影响的，从而揭示了Ｅ区和Ｆ区扰动的相互联系。     

Numerical Estimate of the Spectral Resonance Structure Frequency Scale of Natural ULF Magnetic Field

The spectral resonance structure (SRS) of the magnetic component of natural electromagnetic noise in the frequency range 0.5 – 2.5 Hz is investigated to estimate the frequency scale of the structure. The magnetic field data recorded at 49°20'N, 22°40'E, in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland, at night hours of May 1996 – 2001 are used. It is assumed that the resonant frequency pattern of the ionospheric Alfvén resonance (IAR) appears in the spectral resonance structure. Both a model of the ionospheric Alfvén resonance for night-time conditions of the ionosphere and an algorithm of evaluating the frequency scale are presented. The algorithm is applied to the experimental data. The results are compared to those obtained with the International Reference Ionosphere model.     

Trend,periodicity and abrupt change in streamflow of the East River,the Pearl River basin

The East River in the Pearl River basin, China, plays a vital role in the water supply for mega‐cities within and in the vicinity of the Pearl River Delta. Knowledge of statistical variability of streamflow is therefore important for water resources management in the basin. This study analyzed streamflow from four hydrological stations on the East River for a period of 1951–2009, using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique, scanning t and F tests. Results indicated increasing/decreasing streamflow in the East River basin before/after the 1980s. After the early 1970s, the high/low flow components were decreasing/increasing. CWT‐based analysis demonstrates a significant impact of water reservoirs on the periodicity of streamflow. Scanning t and F test indicates that significantly abrupt changes in streamflow are largely influenced by both water reservoirs construction and precipitation changes. Thus, changes of streamflow, which are reflected by variations of trend, periodicity and abrupt change, are due to both water reservoir construction and precipitation changes. Further, the changes of volume of streamflow in the East River are in good agreement with precipitation changes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

绝对地磁测量预报地震

介绍一种称为地磁等变线预报法的地磁绝对测量预报地震的新的处理方法。该方法既可将全国分散的地磁台站联系起来，使原来不能发挥作用的台站起到应有的作用，也可避免校正长期变差异的麻烦，达到大台距台站之间可直接作差值图的目的。这样，可能为地磁绝对测量预报地震开辟一个新的途径，为该手段在预报地震中起到更大的作用创造一定的条件。     

克孜尔水库跨断层形变变化速率的非均匀性特征分析

对克孜尔水库跨断层垂直形变近40年的资料和水平形变近32年的资料进行了分析。研究发现,①跨断层形变的变化速率具有明显的不均匀性,根据数据序列走势,变化速率的不同可分为6个阶段;②水库施工对跨断层形变有一定的影响,水库蓄水对跨断层形变有显著的影响;③水库蓄水达到正常库容量后的新平衡状态下,跨断层形变速率变化几乎是无干扰背景下变化速率的2倍;④区域应力场的增强对跨断层形变趋势性转折有显著性影响。     

Occurence and Transport of Organic Micro-contaminants in Sediments of the Odra River Estuarine System

Over ninety surface sediment samples (0...3 cm) were collected in the Odra river estuarine system – from the Oderhaff, the Pomeranian Bight, the Peenestrom, the Greifswald Bodden – and the Arkona Basin between 1994 and 1996 and analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and biphenyls (PCB), and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) including their metabolites. The contents of all investigated organochlorines in the sediments of the western part of the Oderhaff (Kleines Haff) were only slightly higher and more homogenously distributed compared to the values of the Pomeranian Bight and the Greifswald Bodden. PCB contents (sum of 23 congeners) in surface sediments ranged between <130 and 9 550 pg/g (given for dry weight, dw). The results of individual PCB congeners showed that high contents of hexa- and heptachlorinated compounds (PCB 138, 153, 180) were present in the entire area investigated. Generally, low levels of PCDD/F were found in surface sediments of the Odra river estuarine system due to small industrial activities in the catchment area. Contents of PCDF (sum) and PCDD (sum) varied from 2.5 to 820 pg/g (dw) and from 13 to 2 991 pg/g (dw), respectively. The congener contents of PCDF showed a nonuniform picture between the Oderhaff and the Arkona Basin. In contrast, the congener profiles of PCDD showed approximately similar patterns at nearshore and offshore stations, with highest values of OCDD (octa CDD). We assume that most of the particulate-bound micro-contaminants (PCB, PCDD/F) are deposited in the eastern part of the Oderhaff (Stettin Lagoon), which acts as a temporary trap and opurificationπ basin for the suspended particulate matter (SPM). One pathway for further transport of the particles seems to be the way on a small sedimentation strip along the island of Usedom via the “Saßnitz-trough” into the deeper parts of the western Baltic Sea.     

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷大柳泉地区F8断裂不同时期输导油气能力对油气成藏贡献

为了研究渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷大柳泉地区F8断裂附近油气分布规律,在F8断裂不同时期输导油气通道及分布特征研究的基础上,通过F8断裂活动期伴生裂缝通道及停止活动后凸面脊通道输导油气能力评价,结合F8断裂附近油气分布规律,对F8断裂不同时期输导油气能力对成藏贡献进行了研究,结果表明：F8断裂第二条伴生裂缝通道输导油气能力明显强于第一条伴生裂缝通道输导油气能力,第二条伴生裂缝通道输导油气能力从沙四上亚段（即古近系沙河街组四段上亚段,余类推）至沙三中亚段增强,从沙三中亚段至沙三上亚段减弱,而第一条伴生裂缝通道输导油气能力从沙四上亚段至沙三中亚段增强较慢,从沙三中亚段至沙三上亚段输导油气能力增强较快。F8断裂第1、2条凸面脊通道输导油气能力明显较第3、4条凸面脊通道输导油气能力要强,第1条凸面脊通道输导油气能力从沙三下亚段至沙三中亚段明显减弱,但从沙三中亚段至沙三上亚段变化不大,第2条凸面脊通道输导油气能力从沙四上亚段至沙三中亚段增强,从沙三中亚段至沙二段减弱,从沙二段至馆陶组快速增强;第3条凸面脊通道输导油气能力由沙四上亚段至沙三下亚段变化不大,从沙三下亚段至沙三上亚段快速增大,从沙三上亚段至沙二段变化不大,从沙二段至馆陶组快速减小。第4条凸面脊通道疏导油气能力从沙三下亚段至沙三上亚段快速增加,从沙三上亚段至沙二段快速减小,从沙二段至馆陶组减小缓慢。F8断裂活动期伴生裂缝通道输导油气能力对成藏的贡献无论是在平面上还是在剖面上均大于停止活动后凸面脊通道输导油气能力对成藏的贡献。     

Post-orogenic and anorogenic A-type fluorite-bearing granitoids, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Petrogenetic and geotectonic implications

The present study focuses on four A-type fluorite-bearing granitic plutons in the Eastern Desert of Egypt which are classified into post-orogenic subsolvus (Homrit Waggat, 535 Ma; Homer Akarem, 541 Ma and Ineigi, 571 Ma) and anorogenic hypersolvus (Gabal Gharib, 476 Ma) granites. All the granites are Si- and alkali-rich and MgCaTi poor. Whereas both granite types appear relatively homogeneous in terms of most of their major and trace elements, they differ in that the subsolvus granites are depleted in TiO₂, FeO^*, Ba, Sr and Zr and enriched in Rb and Y with respect to the hypersolvus granites. The two granite types, however, can be distinguished more easily by their rare-earth element (REE) patterns. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the hypersolvus granite display a gull-wing shape, characterized by a large negative Eu anomaly and moderate-to-high LREE contents. Relative to the hypersolvus granite, subsolvus granite is depleted in LREE and more enriched in HREE contents. The increase of HREE in the subsolvus granite is presumably caused by F complexing during the late stage of its evolution. This is supported by the abundance of fluorite veins cross-cutting the subsolvus granite. The negative Eu anomalies in the subsolvus granite point to the role of feldspars as residual phase in the source, and as a crystallizing phase during magmatic differentiation.Field relations, textural, mineralogical and geochemical data of the post-orogenic subsolvus granite are consistent with its derivation from a parental basic magma through crystal-liquid fractionation of alkali feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole, FeTi oxides, titanite, zircon, monazite and allanite. Crystallization occurred in a water-enriched and rather oxidizing environment, as a result of which the entire suite has a transitional character between that of a post-orogenic and an anorogenic setting. On the other hand, the most credible mechanism for the origin of the anorogenic hypersolvus granite is partial melting of I-type granodiorite-monzogranite source rocks in the study area.     

Environmental features of deep-sea habitats linked to the genetic population structure of a crustacean species in the Mediterranean Sea

The deep-sea habitat, from 200 to 2000 m depth, has long been thought as an ecosystem where biotic and abiotic factors vary very little and consequently species are not disturbed by processes and phenomena which could promote fast evolutionary mechanisms. Unfortunately, biological information relating to deep water is limited, especially regarding the population genetics of species inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea, and general patterns cannot be inferred. In this study we report data on the population genetic structure of Aristeus antennatus , a deep-sea decapod crustacean species which has been widely studied due to its important economic value. We surveyed and examined the variation in a 369-bp fragment of the mtDNA control region from individuals caught by Spanish and Italian trawlers in eight localities. High levels of mitochondrial control region haplotypic diversity (ranging from 0.884 to 0.989) were observed. AMOVA showed a high level of genetic variation, more within than between populations, and a low but significant Φ_ST value was recovered. Minimum spanning network did not separate any haplotype group and haplotype distribution does not mirror the geographic origin of the samples. The absence of population substructuring was also observed with a principal coordinates analysis, which uses an individual-by-individual comparison. These results revealed extensive gene flow among populations. Information on demographic history based on mismatch analysis revealed an unstable population, showing an alternate pattern of growth and decline. Our results indicated that in the western and central Mediterranean basins A. antennatus is a large panmictic population with a fluctuating abundance. The absence of deep-sea barriers and adult migration may prevent the structuring of the species into genetically differentiated populations.