马氏珠母贝黄壳色选系F1和养殖群体形态性状比较

<正>马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类,长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类,用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来,我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡,严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力,国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作,这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究[1-5]。     

卡尔曼滤波在多维AR序列建模中的应用

作为时间序列模型的一种，AR模型由于参数估计和定阶简单而广泛应用于系统辨识。在多维AR序列的最小二乘建模的基础上，结合卡尔曼滤波算法，推导了应用卡尔曼滤波技术的多维AR序列参数估计方法以及加入衰减因子后的卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法不需要保存历史数据，在得到新的“观测”数据后可以对AR模型的估计参数进行实时改正。在确定AR模型阶数时，提出了快速F检验法，大大减少了建模过程中的计算工作量，有较好的应用价值。     

关于辽东－吉南中侏罗－早白垩世地层问题

吉南候家屯组与辽东小东沟组在辽东北部连成一体，以往地层划分和对比上的分歧，皆由王钰等定义小东沟组含有熔岩——“为小岭期火山喷发初的火山活动产物”所致。小东沟组、候家屯组为独立于辽东小岭组，吉南果松组火山岩之外的地层体，为干旱炎热气候条件下的河湖相沉积。辽东梨树沟组建立时未明确定义，建组剖面仅共分二层，为凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩夹砂页岩，多数研究者将其理解为小岭期火山喷发的尾声产物，无疑是正确的，但近年已人为地演义为“远火山相和湖相”（沉积），并与辽西九佛堂（沙海）组对比，已失去岩石地层单位组的客观性、物质性及组内岩性、岩相的一致性。现据“组应概分，不易细分”等有关原则，建议废弃梨树沟组名称，将与小岭组有成因联系的远火山相产物（包括夹层）划归小岭组，其上部确与小岭期火山喷发无关的河湖（沼）相沉积归于聂尔库组     

东北地区中等地震前地磁空间相关性异常特征初步分析

应用黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古和辽宁等省的地磁总场强度F北京时21点绝对观测值,研究了其空间相关性在东北地区几次中等地震前的变化.结果显示,在这些地震前地磁总场F的空间相关性会出现下降变化,本文初步给出了判定异常的指标.     

Individual and societal risk owing to landslides in the Campania region (southern Italy)

This paper deals with the estimation of both individual and societal risks owing to landslides in the Campania region (southern Italy) thanks to the availability of an extensive catalogue of historical incident data spanning from the 5^th century up to now. Individual risk is estimated by computing the landslide mortality rate. Societal risk is measured by plotting the annual frequency F of events causing N or more fatalities against the number N of fatalities (i.e. an F–N curve). The results obtained show that in Campania both individual and societal risks owing to landslides are very high when compared to similar risks of the Italian territory. Moreover, the analysis of the incident data clearly highlights the most prone areas to catastrophic events, essentially related to the occurrence of flow-like fast-moving phenomena, where the societal risk is proved to be one of the highest in Europe.     

FY 2F红外亮温资料模拟与偏差分析

为了实现西太平洋及东亚区域FY-2F可见红外自旋扫描辐射计(VISSR)资料的直接同化,本文利用飓风天气预报模式(WRF For Hurricane,HWRF)和快速辐射传输模式(Community Radiative Transfer Model,CRTM)对FY-2F的亮温资料进行了模拟。在有云情况下,中高纬度锋面云系模拟的相对较好,而低纬热带云团模拟偏差较大。对于晴空条件下模拟的红外1、2、4通道(IR1、2、4)亮温,受陆地下垫面发射率不均匀的影响模拟偏差较大,且辐射传输模式平均而言低估了地表发射率。海洋下垫面的资料模拟情况要明显好于陆地。IR4通道在白天受太阳短波影响观测亮温偏高。去除受云污染的资料仅保留晴空观测资料,通过格点统计插值(Community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation,GSI)质量控制和偏差订正,IR2通道平均偏差减小约50%,IR3通道平均偏差从3.7 K减小到0.34 K。而IR1通道质量较好,偏差订正前后几乎没有变化。     

Justice and cost effectiveness of consumption-based versus production-based approaches in the case of unilateral climate policies

In recent years, climate policy under the United Nations system has been characterized by bottom-up, national approaches to climate mitigation. This raises concerns about the overall effectiveness of these mitigation policies, for example due to carbon leakage. In response to these concerns, authors have repeatedly suggested that policy makers consider a consumption-based climate policy approach. We analyze the potential merits of a switch to a consumption-based policy approach using the criteria of justice and economic efficiency. We argue that emissions must be understood as being contributed by both, consumers and producers, but that this fact does not by itself settle the question whether consumption or production ought to serve as the climate policy base. Rather, the perspective of justice necessitates an analysis of the distributive consequences of switching from a production- to a consumption-based policy.We find that both (global) cost-effectiveness and justice can be improved if the unilateral climate policies of industrialized countries are based on emissions from consumption. There are preconditions, however, the switch in the policy base must be accompanied by clean technology transfer, and if implemented by border carbon adjustments, import tax revenues need to be channeled to developing and emerging economies. We further show that in such a setting, export rebates are of minor importance for efficiency and justice.     

太阳活动对中山站F2层峰值电子浓度的影响

利用中山站1995-2006年的电离层垂测数据统计分析了当地电离层F2层峰值电子浓度（N_mF2）对太阳活动变化的依赖性,研究发现在中山站N_mF2月中值随修正太阳10.7厘米通量指数F10.7P增大而增大,其饱和或放大趋势不明显。除冬季12-16 UT、20-2 UT与夏季2-11 UT以外的绝大部分时刻,两者具有良好的线性关系。N_mF2月中值随F10.7P变化斜率随季节、地方时而变化。在日变化中,N_mF2随F10.7P变化斜率极大值出现在磁中午附近,明显大于其他时刻,在夜侧变化斜率整体较小,且在分季和冬季的夜侧以及夏季全天,其斜率随地方时变化不大。在年变化中,日侧斜率最大值出现在两分季,冬季次之,夏季最小;而夜侧斜率在夏半年（10月-3月）整体上要大于冬半年（4月-9月）。结合中山站位于极隙区纬度的特殊地理位置,分析了上述N_mF2变化特征的可能原因。     

PIC16F877A在新型质子旋进磁力仪中的应用

受制于当时微电子技术的发展,传统质子磁力仪存在电路复杂、元器件分立过多等不足之处,在确保观测原理不变的情况下,选取PIC16F877A作为主控芯片应用于新型质子旋进磁力仪中。介绍了整体的硬软件设计,同时与加拿大GEM公司生产的DiDd三分量磁力仪测量数据进行比较,结果显示在测量精度及准确度上两者非常接近,新型质子旋力进磁仪具有很好的稳定性和抗干扰性,达到了预期的效果。