扩张原理的推广

最早由查德给出的扩张原理是F集理论的最基本的理论之一,它是普通概念F化的重要手段。因此,关于它的推广和各种等价形式的研究是非常有意义的工作。本文把基于普通的点到点的映射的扩张原理推广到点集映射,进而又推广到F映射。得到新的扩张原理是以查德的扩张原理为特殊情形的一种统一形式。     

中国对虾(PENAEUS CHINENSIS)肝小管管壁细胞结构的研究

用透射电镜观察中国对虾肝小管。指出肝小管管壁由六种细胞（胚细胞、纤维细胞、疱状细胞、吸收细胞、侏儒细胞、肌上皮细胞）组成。描述六种细胞的超微结构，并根据各种细胞的结构特点，探讨其功能。     

Horse mackerel egg identification using DNA methodology

Egg identification in plankton samples is usually needed for purposes of stock assessment. Until recently, only morphological characters were used for identifying the eggs of different fish species. Late developmental stages are easily distinguishable due to pigmentation as well as egg and oil globule size range. However, for early stages, these characteristics are difficult to be discriminated and may overlap with other species. European horse mackerel species (Trachurus trachurus, T. mediterraneus, T. picturatus) overlap significantly in their spawning areas in some European waters. Because of the fact that their eggs are morphologically similar, genetic methodologies are needed to identify eggs and larvae to species correctly. In the present study, formalin‐ and ethanol‐preserved eggs were tested to estimate the efficacy of genetic methodologies for species identification of eggs when different preservatives are used. A 370‐bp fragment of cytochrome b was successfully amplified followed by restriction fragment analysis with two restriction enzymes aiming to identify the eggs to species. Horse mackerel egg identification was accomplished with the maximum success in ethanol‐preserved eggs. However, it seems that various preservatives had different effects on the DNA quality of eggs as genetic identification was less successful in formalin‐preserved eggs. Preserving in ethanol a part of the eggs obtained in plankton surveys is suggested for purposes of accurate genetic identification, even if their morphological features are distorted in time.     

风云静止卫星地表温度产品空值数据稳健修复

静止卫星地表温度数据是研究昼夜气候和环境变化的重要参数。但现有发布的静止卫星地表温度数据由于受到云等大气因素的影响,往往出现数值缺失现象。针对该问题,提出基于昼夜变化模型的风云静止卫星地表温度空值数据的稳健修复方法。由多项式、傅里叶函数和高斯函数构建新的昼夜变化模型,并利用LevenbergMarquardt算法进行模型参数的求解与优化,进而实现空值修复。以风云2号F星数据(FY-2F)为例,模拟不同类型的像元缺失情况进行修复,并将不同模型修复结果与真实温度值比较,同时也对真实数据进行了测试。结果表明:本文提出的修复方法能有效对温度空值数据修复,且优于传统方法。     

Life-history patterns of the salt-marsh killifish Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) introduced in the estuary of the guadalquivir river (South West Spain)

Two thousand four hundred and eighty-four specimens from a population of Fundulus heteroclitus introduced into the southwestern Iberian Peninsula were used to carry out a study on age, growth and reproduction. In this new habitat the species displayed the same life-history tactics as in its original areas. The life-span was shorter, with a winter age-structure of 67·4% in 0 + group, 29·1% in 1 + group, 2·5% in 2 + group and 1·1% in 3 + group. Females showed a higher growth rate and a longer growth period than males and because of this they were always longer than males in all the age-groups. In both sexes growth stopped and the somatic condition was at a minimum from April to June, when the gonadosomatic index reached its highest values. The maximum average gonadosomatic index in females was four times higher than that of males. Specimens achieved maturity during the spawning season the year following birth at a minimum average total length of 45 mm for males and 60 mm for females. Fecundity was related to fish weight, total length and gonad weight. The overall sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1.     

栉孔扇贝16S rRNA基因片段序列的多态性研究

采用PCR技术扩增了栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri)线粒体DNA的16SrRNA基因片段，PCR产物经T载体连接之后进行了克隆，测序，得到634bp的核苷酸序列；分析了该片段的大连，烟台，青岛，朝鲜4个自然群体31个个体的核苷酸序列多态性，共检测到26个多态性核苷酸位点，18种单倍型，结果表明，4个群体中以朝鲜群体遗传多样性最高，其次为烟台，青岛群体，大连群体最低；不同自然分布区的栉孔扇贝未出现明显的遗传分化。     

基于多源遥感与再分析数据估算塔克拉玛干沙漠地表净辐射日变化

作为世界第二大流动性沙漠,塔克拉玛干沙漠独特的陆表水热交换过程直接影响中国乃至全球的大气环流运动。将静止气象卫星FY-2F地表温度产品、极地轨道卫星MODIS陆表产品与中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集（CMFD）结合,反演得到时间分辨率为3 h、空间辨率为0.1°的2017年塔克拉玛干沙漠地表净辐射,利用塔中气象站观测值验证反演结果,并分析地表净辐射的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）利用卫星遥感与再分析资料获取的地表特征参数与实测值误差较小,决定系数R²均在0.8以上。（2）地表净辐射模拟值与地面实测值具有较好的一致性,决定系数R²为0.967,均方根误差RMSE为29.193 W·m^-2。（3）地表净辐射日变化呈现明显的单峰型特征：早晚值较低,正午值最高,并且夜间值基本为负且变化幅度不大。（4）地表净辐射夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。（5）沙漠边缘散布的绿洲和农田地区净辐射值最高,沙漠腹地次之,沙漠南缘的昆仑山和阿尔金山冰川覆盖地区净辐射值最低。