盐胁迫对枸杞(Lycium barbarum)叶片生理的影响

枸杞(Lycium barbarum)耐盐碱能力强,在盐渍化土壤中种植枸杞具有一定程度改良土壤的功效。然而对枸杞在不同盐渍生境和不同盐渍化程度下的生理适应基础研究较少。选取扦插的"宁杞5号"一年实生苗为材料,分别在渗透势为-0.48、-0.82、-1.18 MPa下采用单盐(NaCl或Na_2SO_4)和混合盐NaCl+Na_2SO_4进行处理,对比分析不同处理时段内枸杞生理活性的响应。结果表明:随着渗透势降低,叶绿素(Chl)含量呈下降趋势;代表膜脂过氧化程度的丙二醛(MDA)、渗透调节物质脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖(SS)含量明显增加;抗氧化酶系统超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加;渗透势为-1.18 MPa盐处理则抑制了过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。相同渗透势的不同盐处理之间,Chl、Pro、MDA和SS含量以及SOD和CAT活性在混合盐处理下或多或少都有增加;随着处理时间的延长,MDA、Pro、SS含量和CAT活性增加。这说明盐渍化程度增加,渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶系统的保护加强;不同盐渍环境下枸杞的生理响应不同,-1.18 MPa下混合盐胁迫相对于单盐影响更大;胁迫时间延长,渗透调节物质的累积增加,枸杞的适应性增强。     

中国极地微生物学调查研究进展

中国自行组建的极地微生物学调研起始于上世纪80年代初,迄今20余年来,中国极地微生物学研究取得了丰硕的成果,调查范围涉及南北极,包括南极长城站、中山站及其附近区域土壤、空气、水体和南大洋水域,及从中取得的生命和非生命材料、白令海和楚科奇海、波弗特海、加拿大海盆等北冰洋海区,及青藏高原等等。对极地微生物的种群、含量、多样性、生长特征、生理生化特性、系统发育等作了广泛而有深度的研究分析,并就其中的一些菌株的活性物质开发利用进行了有意义的探索。最后对今后中国极地微生物学的研究提出了一些建议。     

Characterization of humic substances in salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus)

Humic substances (HS) from salt marsh soils were characterized and the relationships among HS composition and some geochemical factors were analysed. For this, three salt marshes with the same vegetation cover (Juncus maritimus), but with different geochemical characteristics, were selected. The qualitative characterization of the soil humic acids and fulvic acids was carried out by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and VACP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.HS from salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus) displayed some shared characteristics such as low degree of humification, low aromatic content and high proportion of labile compounds, mainly polysaccharides and proteins. However, although the three salt marsh soils under study were covered by the same type of vegetation, the HS showed some important differences. HS composition was found to be determined not only by the nature of the original organic material, but also by environmental factors such as soil texture, redox conditions and tidal influence. In general, an increase in the humification process appeared to be related to aerobic conditions and predominance of sand in the mineral fraction of the soil, while the preservation of labile organic compounds may be associated with low redox potential values and fine soil texture.     

海洋微生物活性物质的研究进展

海洋微生物由于其特殊的生存环境,往往能产生结构新颖、功能多样的活性物质,海洋微生物作为活性物质的新来源,正日益受到人们的关注。综述了近几年海洋微生物产生的抗肿瘤、抗心血管病、免疫调节剂、抗生素等生物活性物质的开发利用现状及相关的研究技术和方法,展示出海洋微生物活性物质巨大的开发利用前景。     

龙须菜对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响

在共生条件下,研究了鲜龙须菜对前沟藻、米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻等3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,以龙须菜培养水过滤液和龙须菜水溶性抽提液为实验用液,分析它们对上述3种赤潮微藻的抑制作用.最后,采用甲醇浸泡龙须菜干粉末,研究了其甲醇提取物对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.结果表明,当鲜龙须菜浓度≥32 g·L-1时,其能显...     

Dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic substrates in the River Warnow (North-Eastern Germany) – Utilisation by bacterioplankton

After 1990, external loads of Central European rivers with inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic material were reduced because of changed environmental laws. However, in the eutrophic lowland River Warnow, North-Eastern Germany, nitrate concentrations remained high with 35–185 μmol l⁻¹ without a significant decrease since 1992. In contrast, phosphate concentrations, varying between 0.3 and 5.2 μmol l⁻¹ during the growth season 2002, decreased significantly over the years. However, its concentrations still exceeded 1 μmol l⁻¹ regularly in the growth seasons. This load led to a substantial accumulation of organic matter additional to high terrestrial inputs. Despite the high organic load, the remineralising bacteria were mainly inactive in River Warnow. Therefore, the composition of the dissolved organic material, especially its bioavailability, were investigated during the growth season 2002 and discussed with other potential controlling factors. River Warnow carried a high load of dissolved organic carbon (14 mg l⁻¹), especially of humic substances (5.5 mg C l⁻¹). Bacterial abundance (12×10⁶ ml⁻¹) as well as production (1.7 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹) depended on temperature. During late spring and summer at constantly higher temperatures, bacterial production correlated positively to readily utilisable substrates and to humic compounds. Thus, the bacterial community in River Warnow may be well adapted or contain enough species using the available amino acids and carbohydrates as well as humic matter compounds. However, calculated from protozoan biomass, grazing may control bacterial biomass and perhaps community composition profoundly, what lead to the low percentages of active bacteria.     

Jurassic septarian concretions from NW Scotland record interdependent bacterial, physical and chemical processes of marine mudrock diagenesis

Septarian concretions in the Staffin Shales Formation (Kimmeridgian, Isle of Skye) allow controls on concretion rheology and septarian cracking to be investigated. Stratabound concretions consist of anhedral ferroan calcite microspar enclosing clay and minor pyrite. Intergranular volumes range from 77% to 88%, and calcite δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values in most concretion bodies range from ?10·0‰ to ?17·3‰ and +0·3‰ to ?0·6‰ respectively, consistent with rapid and pervasive cementation in marine pore fluids. Septarian rupture occurred during incipient cementation, with a sediment volume reduction of up to 43%. Crack‐lining brown fibrous calcite records pore fluid re‐oxygenation during a depositional hiatus, followed by increasing Fe content and δ¹³C related to bacterial methanogenesis. Brown colouration results from an included gel‐like polar organic fraction that probably represents bacterially degraded biomass. A new hypothesis for concretion growth and septarian cracking argues that quasi‐rigid ‘proto‐concretions’ formed via binding of flocculated clays by bacterial extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS). This provided rheological and chemical conditions for tensional failure, subcritical crack growth, volume contraction, calcite nucleation, and incorporation of degraded products into crack‐lining cements. Bacterial decay of EPS and syneresis of host muds provided internal stresses to initiate rupture at shallow burial. Development of septarian (shrinkage) cracks in muds is envisaged to require pervasive in situ bacterial colonization, and to depend on rates of carbonate precipitation versus EPS degradation and syneresis. Subsequent modification of septarian concretions included envelopment by siderite and calcite microspar, hydraulic fracturing associated with Cretaceous shallow burial or Palaeogene uplift; and cementation by strongly ferroan, yellow sparry calcite that records meteoric water invasion of the host mudrocks. An abundance of fatty acids in these spars indicates aqueous transport of organic breakdown products, and δ¹³C data suggest a predominantly methanogenic bicarbonate source. However, the wide δ¹⁸O range for petrographically identical cement (?1·3‰ to ?15·6‰) is difficult to explain.     

海洋真菌药用活性物质研究进展

海洋真菌由于其资源优势和新颖的次生代谢产物,成为海洋天然活性物质的研究热点。按从抗肿瘤、抗菌、酶抑制剂、拮抗剂等几个方面对海洋真菌产生的活性物质的国内外研究情况进行了综述。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤、 2,4-二氯笨氧乙酸对微绿球藻生长与代谢的影响

研究了不同浓度的植物生长物质 ,即 6 苄氨基嘌呤 (6 BA)、2 ,4 二氯笨氧乙酸 (2 ,4 D)对微绿球藻Nannochlorisoculata的生长和代谢影响 ,结果表明 :6 BA和 2 ,4 D在 0 1～ 1 0mg·L 1的实验浓度范围内 ,对微绿球藻的生长、干重、叶绿素a含量、光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度都有一定的促进作用 ,可作为微绿球藻的生长调节剂。6 BA的最佳质量浓度为 0 5mg·L 1;2 ,4 D的最佳质量浓度为 4 0mg·L 1。