图书馆绿色文化环境建设的思考

营造图书馆绿色环境有利于发挥图书馆教育职能、培养读者的审美情趣与艺术欣赏力并提高读者的道德修养,从建筑和环境等方面加强图书馆绿色环境建设是创建现代化图书馆新思路。     

城市环境保护信息系统的研究

本文探讨了以互联网为平台、以客户/服务器(C/S)和浏览器/服务器(B/S)三层结构模型为基础的城市环保信息系统(GIS)。在分析比较两层与三层系统体系结构的基础上,提出系统构建的总体思路,并着重强调了构件技术在系统建设中的特殊作用。在网络环境下增强了客户端对于城市环保信息的可操作性,除实现对环保信息远程查询检索之外 ,还增加了远程数据录入、处理与分析的功能。在城市环保GIS中还引入环保专业分析模型 ,通过通用的接口平台,将专业分析模型与环保信息有机融合,实现了污染分析模型在地理空间上的三维可视化,为环保管理和环境保护决策提供了形象而定量化的依据。     

城建工程的环境负效应及对策

本文论述了城建工程的环境负效应 ,包括地面沉降与塌陷 ,桩基施工引起的环境问题、深基坑工程事故工程降水对环境的影响以及隧道施工造成的环境问题 ,并提出了相应的对策措施 ,以减小城建工程对环境所产生的负面效应。     

Predictors of species richness in the deep-benthic fauna of the northern Gulf of Mexico

Species richness in macrofauna and megafauna collected with box cores and trawls from 35 standard stations over a depth range of 175–3720 m in the northern Gulf of Mexico was examined in terms of two primary questions: (1) are observed patterns random? and (2) if not, what environmental factors might account for the patterns? A null model tested whether richness vs. depth distributions were random. Groups with species that had broad vertical depth ranges fit the null model better than groups with small ranges, but for almost all phyla a non-random pattern was indicated. With randomness as a proximal explanation ruled out, further examination of the relationship between richness and environmental factors was justified. A generalized linear model (GLM) showed that a suite of 18 factors categorized as food-related, habitat-related, pollution-related and location-related were significantly related to richness patterns, but that different mixes of factors applied to different phyla. No one factor accounted for any observed patterns. Thus, each taxonomic group needs to be examined individually, and no generally applicable explanation for the causes of richness patterns may exist. Nonetheless, mapping richness itself indicates valuable areas in the Mississippi Trough that must receive special consideration and possible protection.     

贵州开发面临的挑战及可持续发展战略研究

本文系统地分析了贵州大开发中,面临的种种来自生态环境方面的挑战,并针对其挑战,提出了若干战略对策。     

条件价值评估法的发展与应用

环境物品或生态系统服务的经济价值评估是国际上生态经济学、环境经济学研究的前沿领域。由于绝大多数环境物品或生态系统服务的公共物品特性，其经济价值的评估需要运用非市场的价值评估技术。条件价值评估法（CVM）是非市场价值评估技术中应用最广、影响最大的一种方法。详细介绍了国际上CVM及其发展与应用研究的现状，分析了CVM在环境价值评估技术中的地位及其理论基础，总结了最大支付意愿（WTP）的各种引导技术，全面归纳了CVM研究中可能出现的各种偏差及其相应的解决方法，简要介绍了最大支付意愿的数据统计分析方法。     

环境地球物理学的现状与发展

本文简要总结了1989年以来我国环境地球物理的发展,简述环境地球物理的研究领域,着重归纳了无机和有机污染物渗入地下土壤和地下水后存在的基本特征,形成可探测物理场的状况及其适用的探测方法.针对我国土壤和地下水的污染状况提出了发展要点.     

利用不规则载荷模型分析马家岭流动水准异常

通过环境调查等手段,收集整理马家岭水准观测场地周边环境变化参数及岩土力学参数,运用不规则二维载荷模型计算荷载引起的水准高差变化。结果显示,霍山大峡谷漂流场地停车场的建设对马家岭水准观测有一定影响,影响量约为0.77mm,与实际观测高差0.70mm接近,研究结果从定量模拟的角度证实了马家岭流动水准异常为环境荷载变化引起的地面高差变化。     

A spatial comparison of four satellite derived 1 km global land cover datasets

Global change issues are high on the current international political agenda. A variety of global protocols and conventions have been established aimed at mitigating global environmental risks. A system for monitoring, evaluation and compliance of these international agreements is needed, with each component requiring comprehensive analytical work based on consistent datasets. Consequently, scientists and policymakers have put faith in earth observation data for improved global analysis. Land cover provides in many aspects the foundation for environmental monitoring [FAO, 2002a. Proceedings of the FAO/UNEP Expert Consultation on Strategies for Global Land Cover Mapping and Monitoring. FAO, Rome, Italy, 38 pp.]. Despite the significance of land cover as an environmental variable, our knowledge of land cover and its dynamics is poor [Foody, G.M., 2002. Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment. Rem. Sens. Environ. 80, 185–201]. This study compares four satellite derived 1 km land cover datasets freely available from the internet and in wide use among the scientific community. Our analysis shows that while these datasets have in many cases reasonable agreement at a global level in terms of total area and general spatial pattern, there is limited agreement on the spatial distribution of the individual land classes. If global datasets are used at a continental or regional level, agreement in many cases decreases significantly. Reasons for these differences are many—ranging from the classes and thresholds applied, time of data collection, sensor type, classification techniques, use of in situ data, etc., and make comparison difficult. Results of studies based on global land cover datasets are likely influenced by the dataset chosen. Scientists and policymakers should be made aware of the inherent limitations in using current global land cover datasets, and would be wise to utilise multiple datasets for comparison.