香港的土地利用与环境保护

香港地区地域狭小，地形崎岖，可利用地少，人口众多，用地紧张，但严谨的用地政策、规划用地和严格管地，使城镇有序，城乡结合协调，基础设施完善，做到合理用地，有效用地和高效用地，从而成为一座名副其实、整洁、美丽的现代化国际大都市。     

Application of discovery process models in estimating petroleum resources at the play level in China

Discovery process modeling has gained wide acceptance in the Chinese exploration community. In recent years, a variety of discovery process models have been applied to the prediction of undiscovered petroleum resources at the play level in sedimentary basins in China. However, challenging problems have been encountered, particularly when one method alone has been applied to small plays in nonmarine sedimentary basins or in plays with an unusual order of discovery wells. This paper presents results gotten by using the lognormal discovery process model of the Geological Survey of Canada and the geoanchored method for three petroleum plays in basins with different geologic settings. Although the predicted shapes of the parentsize distributions which use these two models, were not always similar, the expected values of the total resources and the number of fields (pools) to be discovered are comparable. The combined use of two discovery process models in the same play compensates for the weaknesses in one method compared with the other and vice versa. Thus, more reliable estimates are the result.     

Yucatán karst features and the size of Chicxulub crater

The buried Chicxulub impact structure is marked by a dramatic ring of sinkholes (called cenotes if containing water), and adjacent less prominent partial rings, which have been shown to coincide with maxima in horizontal gravity gradients and a topographic depression. These observations, along with the discreteness and spacing of the features, suggest a formation mechanism involving faulting in the outer slump zone of the crater, which would thus have a diameter of approximately 180 km.
An opposing view, based primarily on the interpretation of gravity data, is that (he crater is much larger than the cenote ring implies. Given the association of the known cenote ring with faults, we here examine northern Yucatan for similar rings in gravity, surface features and elevation, which we might expect to be associated with outer concentric faults in the case of a larger, possibly multiring, structure.
No such outer rings have been found, although definite patterns are seen in the distribution of karst features outside the crater rim. We explain these patterns as resulting mainly from deformation related to the block fault zone that parallels tbe shelf edge of eastern Yucatan.     

南宁、百色盆地红土风化壳的地球化学特征及其环境意义*

本文以广西南宁盆地那桐风化壳,及百色盆地江泽风地壳的大量土体化学分析数据为依据,进行了第四纪红土的确认、形成、分布和土壤肥力状况。以及通过地球化学强度、硅铁系数、硅铝系数等指标进行了两风化壳的对比研究。同时,还探讨了风化壳的发育过程及其与环境的关系。     

全国地质灾害趋势预测及预测图编制

区域地质灾害预测是地质灾害研究的难题。本文运用基于地理信息系统的风险评价方法对这一问题进行了探讨。将全国剖分为２７００个单元，对地质灾害进行现状评价，并与已数字化的地质灾害图件进行单要素叠加，编制了全国地质现状等值线图，在现状评价基础上，对地质灾害进行趋势预测，将降雨条件、区域地震活动、区域地壳稳定程度、区域岩组条件和人类工程活动等作为区域地质灾害演变的因素，运用模糊综合评判模型进行综合评判，编制了１：６００万中国地质灾害趋势预测图。     

秦岭造山带新生代构造隆升与区域环境效应研究

据沉积，构造、地貌并结合地球物理资料综合研究认为，秦岭造山带新生代构造隆升是在中生代白垩纪晚期构造隆升基础上，于晚第三纪中新世迅速隆升，而早更新世早期则是新构造活动最强烈时期。秦岭造山带的新生代构造隆升的方式主要有地垒式、掀斜式、振荡式和翘板式4种。诱发这一地区新构造抬升的主要原因和动力学机制是华北地块自北而南，扬子地块自南而北相向向秦岭造山带之下陆内俯冲和秦岭地块深部软流圈抬升共同作用所致。     

湖泊沉积物-水界面营养元素的生物地球化学作用和环境效应 Ⅰ.界面氮循环及其环境效应

发生在沉积物-水界面的剧烈生物地球化学作用对沉积物和上覆水体具重要的环境效应，然而此方面研究很少。本文通过云贵高原四个湖泊湖水和孔隙水NH和NO剖面，沉积物柱芯不同结合态氮含量剖面分布，界面扩散通量，影响氮循环的因素及它们季节性变化规律等的对比研究，初步揭示了湖泊沉积物一水界面的氮循环及其环境效应。     

大冲击功液动锤的研究及其应用

从液动锤基础理论出发，依据理论计算公，科学建立数学模型，开发计算机软件，对液动锤内部动力过程及工作参数进行计算机模拟仿真电算，寻求大幅度提高冲击功的途径和方法。     

碎石桩加固冷却塔地基效果的检测技术与质量评价

介绍了安阳电厂冷却塔碎石桩复合地基静载、动力触探、瑞利波法系列原位试验。根据试验结果，对冷却塔地基加固与改良效果及施工质量进行了评价。     

Environmental and legal aspects of karst areas

 Environmental impacts on karst settings are common as they are more sensitive than those of other rock terrains. Regulatory procedures that are effective in other rock terrains are not necessarily applicable to karst settings. Development and exploitation by man that affect the karst hydrology regime can trigger catastrophic events and result in numerous legal actions where the effects of changes go beyond property boundaries. A great variety of regulations and examples of litigation exist for karst areas. Received: 25 October 1994 · Accepted: 17 October 1995