西北地区城市化对城市气候环境的影响

以西北地区五个省会城市所在的地区为研究区域,分析了近50年西北地区城市气候的变化趋势,考察了城市发展对气候的影响,发现西北地区大城市存在显著的热岛效应、雨岛效应、干岛效应和暗岛效应。在此基础上建立了城市发展与城市气候变化之间的回归模型,证明西北地区城市发展对气候的影响不完全符合库次涅茨曲线特征。     

全国环境剪应力场动态变化与强震活动研究

通过采用陈培善等深入研究地震震源谱特征得到的地震短周期体波震级m_b和地震矩M_o与环境剪应力值的关系,测算地震剪切应力强度值f_o的方法,以及由中小地震近震震级M_L和面波震级M_S估算f_o的方法,对1993年至1998年1月发生在全国(包括台湾地区)m_b≥3.8,M_S ≤5.9 地震计算得到地震震源处的相对剪切应力强度f_o值,并确定出环境剪应力场高值分布区,对高剪应力值分布区与主要活动断裂、强震活动的相关关系进行了分析研究,对全国未来1~3年强震危险区及其危险性进行了预测。     

大亚湾颗粒有机物生化组成研究

对大亚湾海域颗粒有机物（ＰＯＭ）的生化组成与环境因子的关系进行了研究。现场采样调查分别于１９９５年５月和１１月进行,研究结果表明,环境因子对ＰＯＭ生化组成有很大的影响。核电站的运作使大亚湾海域有局部升温现象,温度升高,使经类含量升高。蛋白持含量受无机氮盐含量影响显著,由于大亚湾ＰＯＭ中蛋白质的含量不高,而且大亚湾水域呈贫氮特征,适当增加有该海区无机氮的含量对于提高大亚湾ＰＯＭ的生物营养性具有现实意     

Environmental pollution control through geo – botanical means – a case study of Manikpur block, Korba coalfield, M.P., India

 In the present paper, an environmental analysis of Manikpur area, Korba coalfield, Bilaspur, M.P., India is undertaken. The area lies in the Geological Survey of India Toposheet no. 64J/11 Latitude 82°42′54″–82°45′10″ North; Longitude 22°18′46″–22°19′46″ East. The paper deals with pollution and its control measures through the natural plants found in the vicinity of the coalmines, namely Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Cassia siamea, Delbergia sissoo, etc. The plants control the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Nitrous Oxides (NOx), Sulphur Oxides (SOx) of the mines and mining site. Therefore, plantation in the mining site should be encouraged. Received: 12 May 1998 · Accepted: 6 October 1998     

我国围填海和自然岸线生态环境监管现状及对法律修订的建议

为加强海洋生态环境保护,强化围填海和自然岸线生态环境监管制度建设,切实解决我国围填海的突出生态环境问题,文章基于2002—2018年全国围填海和自然岸线现状,分析当前我国围填海和自然岸线生态环境监管存在的不足,并提出具有针对性的对策建议。研究结果表明:全国大陆自然岸线保有率达标形势严峻;违规审批、处罚不力和监管不到位等导致大量围填海闲置以及自然岸线受损严重等问题;法律层面的滞后是造成监管不足的因素之一,建议尽快启动《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》的修订工作,从强化围填海事前审查、完善围填海事中事后监管、加强自然岸线监管保护、提高围填海生态环境损害成本和强化地方监管责任5个方面完善法律制度建设。     

深海多金属硫化物开采作业安全与环境影响分析及对策研究

随着各国对深海多金属硫化物勘探与开发的步伐逐渐加快,为确保并指导承包者在区域内开采多金属硫化物作业安全且符合保护环境规定,首先论述开采深海多金属硫化物的工艺技术,以此为基础结合加拿大鹦鹉螺和美国海王星矿业公司试采多金属硫化物案例,分析其作业过程所涉及的硫矿泄漏、结构失效、机械伤害、火灾爆炸等安全问题和破坏海底动植物群及其栖息地、排放采矿废水尾矿等环境影响,最后就作业安全与环境影响问题分别给出了针对性的对策与建议,可为工程实践提供参考。     

Probabilistic modeling of ship powering performance using full-scale operational data

The energy efficiency of ocean-going vessels can be increased through various operational considerations, such as improved cargo arrangements and weather routing. The first step toward the goal of maximizing the energy efficiency is to analyze how the ship's powering performance changes under different operational settings and weather conditions. However, existing analytical models and empirical methods have limitations in reliably estimating the powering performance of full-scale ships in real operating conditions. In this study, machine learning techniques are employed to estimate the powering performance of a full-scale ship by constructing regression models using the ship's operational data. In order to minimize the risk of overfitting in the regression process, domain knowledge based on physical principles is combined into the regression models. Also, the uncertainty of the estimated performance is evaluated with consideration of the environmental uncertainties. The obtained regression models can be used to predict the ship speed and engine power under different operational settings and weather conditions.     

乳山近岸养殖区初级生产力时空分布及其与环境因子相关关系

于2017—2018年3月、5月、8月、10月在乳山海水增养殖海域进行了水文、气象、化学、浮游植物等要素的综合调查,文章分析了该海域初级生产力和主要环境因子间的相关关系并探讨了其相互影响。结果表明,2017—2018年调查区域水体初级生产力的波动范围为9.2～3 504.0mg/(m2·d)(以碳计),各年度均为8月最高,3月比5月、10月略高,5月和10月相当。3—5月乳山湾东汊和乳山东与文登交界处要高于其他区域,8月近岸外海整体较高,从近岸区到远岸初级生产力先逐渐增大后逐渐减小,10月的初级生产力普遍偏低。2018年3月和8月初级生产力与温度、pH值、无机氮、N/P值和盐度等相关环境因素有一定的显著相关关系,而在5月和10月相关关系则都不显著。此次调查结果能够反映出陆源输入、季节变化等生境改变对水体初级生产力的时空分布的影响。     

Palaeoecological,sedimentological and stratigraphical insights into microbially induced sedimentary structures of the lower Cambrian successions of Iran

Micro-organisms producing microbially induced sedimentary structures, particularly epibenthic cyanobacteria, are not facies-dependent and could flourish in any environment if appropriate ecological conditions were provided. Hence, the changes in environmental parameters are the controlling factors on ecological tolerance of the producers. This study on the lower Cambrian successions of the Lalun Formation in Central Iran shows that paralic environments reacted differently to changes in parameters such as river and tide energy, palaeo-topography, the rate of sediment supply and fluctuations in sea-level, even though all were characterized by sandy substrates suitable for the development of microbially induced sedimentary structures. Therefore, the abundance and preservation of microbially induced sedimentary structures varied in the different paralic environments. From a sequence stratigraphic viewpoint, this study demonstrates that erosional discontinuities lacked the conditions required for the substrate stabilization by microbial communities. The distribution, size and type of microbially induced sedimentary structures within high frequency cycles generally follow the trends of changes in vertical facies stacking patterns. Within systems tracts, the pattern, morphological diversity and size of microbially induced sedimentary structures are not dependent on the type of systems tract, but on the type of depositional system developed such as delta, incised valley, coastal plain, estuaries and shoreline to shelf systems. Generally, estuarine and peritidal carbonates record an increase in the development of mat colonization during the transgressive systems tract, owing to decreased sedimentation rate as well as extended shallow water habitats. In contrast, the existence of microbially induced sedimentary structures depends on the pattern of shoreline shift in depositional systems developed during the highstand systems tract, such as open coast tidal flat and delta environments. If a shoreline regression was continuous (depositional trend and stacking pattern are a set of high frequency cycles), a greater increase in the aggradational component than the progradational component would cause intensified destructive processes hindering the development of microbial communities.