长白山国家级自然保护区旅游与环境可持续发展研究

举世闻名的长白山国家级自然保护区近年随着旅游事业的发展,因环境管理措施不力等原因,面带来的了定的环境污染与较明显的生态破坏。协调好旅游开发与环境保护的唯一出路是坚持可发展的原则,为此,必须建立完整技术与管理体系,并因地制宜采取一系列相应的对策与措施。     

2010-2018年天山北坡短时强降水环境参数特征及阈值初探

利用常规观测、自动站逐时雨量及EC细网格等资料，分析2010-2018年6-8月天山北坡71次短时强降水过程时空分布特点、温度对数压力图（T-lnP）形态及其关键物理参数等，并对其分类，通过集合箱线图分析各型物理参数特征，归纳总结预警阈值。结果表明：天山北坡短时强降水主要受低槽（涡）及其分裂短波影响，多发生在沿山、山地迎风坡、戈壁湖泊绿洲交界等地附近，6月出现最多，7月和8月相当，午后至夜间发生概率较大。T-lnP温湿廓线形态主要可分为整层湿（I型）、上干下湿（II型）、上湿下干（III型）和干绝热（IV型）等4型，其中IV型33次为最多，占总次数46.5%，其次是III型28次，占总次数38%，第三是I型8次，最少II型仅3次。在分析关键物理参数集合箱线图各区间值基础上，以25%百分位作为建议预警最低阈值，总结提炼关键物理参数阈值为T850 -500≥23℃，地面至700hPa露点温度平均值≥1.5℃，CAPE≥110 J?Kg-1，CIN≥30 J?Kg-1； 0～6km垂直风切变≥6.5 m?s-1，暖云层厚度≥1.1 km，K指数≥24.3℃，SI指数≥-1.3℃，抬升指数（LI）≥-3.9℃及A指数≥-9.8等，并给出各型组合物理参数。     

苏州运河水质的TM分析

本文利用苏州地区陆地卫星TM数据和同期的地面水质监测资料建立了TM图像遥感水质模型,并将该模型应用于TM可见光彩色合成图像的分割处理,得到苏州地区水质空间分布图像。结合苏州运河水网的水文及水污染特征对遥感水质空间分布图像作了分析。结果表明TM数据真实地反映了苏州地区水质的空间分布规律,并得到当地环境监测部门的验证。     

版纳勐养保护区鸟类及人为影响分析

切实保护和利用好西双版纳现存热带森林，是急需处理的现实问题。本文通过勐养自然保护区鸟类调查结果，揭示了西双版纳保护区管理现状。多数地区实际上未管理起来，林区居民仍滥用自然资源，对鸟类的猎捕从未停止，有的地方颇为严重；从生物多样性着眼，环境质量在下降。现已管理起来的三岔河保护区，尽管旅游开放后尚存许多问题亟待探索和改进，但鸟类保护状况已明显改善，说明自然保护区旅游在科学管理下才是可行的。就此，本文分析、评价了勐养保护区鸟类受人为影响情况，对自然保护区管理工作提出建议。     

中国主要类型土壤若干重金属临界含量和环境容量的区域分异

本文通过8年研究结果,归纳、分析了中国的砖红壤、赤红壤、红壤、紫红土、黄棕壤、棕壤、黑土、褐色土、灰钙土等主要类型土壤中Cd、Cu、Pb、As的土壤临界含量和土壤环境容量分布特征,发现他们大多数或在相当大的程度上随土壤类型由南向北、由东向西的分布而分异,具有一定的地带性分异特征。Cd、Cu是由南到北、由东向西增大;而As则相反,由南到北、由东向西减小。     

Hydrologic and sediment modelling studies in the environmental impact assessment of a major tropical dam project

A computer-based study of the impact of the proposed Wabo hydroelectric scheme on the Purari River, Papua New Guinea was carried out. The HEC-6 model, Scour and Deposition in Rivers and Reservoirs developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Centre was used to simulate the effect of the dam on sediment transport and erosion in the lower Purari. Two runs with the model were carried out. The first one was used to establish baseline conditions and the second modelled dam impact. Before the study was carried out, data had to be collected on channel geometry, sediment input, river bed material size composition and hydraulic conditions in the river. Supplementary models also had to be developed to fill in gaps in runoff records and to describe flow in the river during power generation. Results of the investigation indicate that limited erosion will occur because of bed-armouring and the river will adjust towards a new equilibrium condition quite rapidly. The sediment output of the river into the Purari delta will change, load in the clay, silt and sand/gravel fractions decreasing by 22, 53 and 78 per cent respectively.     

Environmental impact of the MV CITA on the foreshore of Porth Hellick, Isles of Scilly

The grounding of the container feeder vessel MV CITA on Newfoundland Rocks, Isles of Scilly, had an effect on the surrounding biota and benthic environment. Included in the CITA's cargo were five 40 ft containers holding pallets of polyester film used in the production of audio and visual recording tapes. The wreckage presented a minor but potentially chronic source of pollution through the delayed release of polythene film, which was left on the seabed as it was considered insufficiently valuable to warrant salvage. The polythene disintegrated and was washed upon the foreshore of Porth Hellick in minute shreds. The adjacent foreshore and two control sites within the islands were analysed using a 5-strand line and vegetation survey with 10 random quadrats within each line to determine the environmental impact of the polythene.     

长江三角洲地区环境演变与环境考古学研究进展

综合分析了20世纪80年代以来长江三角洲地区环境演变与环境考古学研究进展,着重对长江三角洲地区太湖的形成与演变、全新世海侵与海面变化、史前环境的重建以及文化断层成因等方面进行了综述,并指出今后该区环境考古研究的主要内容,包括多学科交叉方法的运用和各种环境代用指标的相互印证、高分辨率研究、考古地层剖面与自然地层剖面的对比、古环境演变的定量研究以及环境质量时空演变特征研究等。     

Environmental magnetic and magnetic fabric studies in LakeWaynewood, northeastern Pennsylvania, USA: Evidence for changes inwatershed dynamics

An environmental magnetic and magnetic fabric study of sedimentscollected from Lake Waynewood, a post-glacial lake in the PoconoMountains of Pennsylvania, USA, provided a history of the lake's watersheddynamics over the past 3500 years. Two 5 m long, Mackereth coresof lake sediments and three watershed soil profiles were analyzed magnetically.Paleosecular variation and ¹⁴C measurements allowed timing ofchanges in the lake's watershed which are documented by changes in ARM,SIRM,, S-ratio, SIRM/, ARM/ and ARM/SIRMdowncore. Prior to 2900 years BP, there is little evidence for allogenicinflux. Dramatic changes in mineral magnetic properties and a strong AARmagnetic fabric appear approximately 2900 years BP, suggesting major changes inwatershed conditions, either in the hydrologic regime or in vegetative cover.Between 2900 and 1800 yrs BP, large variations in magnetic mineralogy areapparent, whereas about 1800 years BP, a single sediment source began todominate the magnetic mineralogy. About 100–200 years ago, conditionsagain changed, probably due to clearcutting and settlement of the watershed.Topsoil erosion appears to have dominated the magnetic signal. S and Mnconcentration downcore indicate that there is little evidence for reductiondiagenesis having caused the changes observed in magnetic mineral type andconcentration, except in the top 10 centimeters of the sediment column.