地震重点监视防御区信息公开的调查研究

市县防震减灾工作者承担着落实地震重点监视防御区（以下简称地震重防区）制度和目标任务的重要职责。本文以市县防震减灾工作人员为调查对象,从是否同意公开重点监视防御区信息入手,就是否同意公开、公开的方式和途径、公开的对象等方面进行问卷调查。通过对调查数据的分析研究,得出以下结论和建议：地震重防区信息应当公开,公开内容为地震重防区的市县名单,公开时可采取普及率和公信度高的媒体等方式;同时要加强地震重防区相关知识的宣传。     

Seagrass meadows in a globally changing environment

Seagrass meadows are valuable ecosystem service providers that are now being lost globally at an unprecedented rate, with water quality and other localised stressors putting their future viability in doubt. It is therefore critical that we learn more about the interactions between seagrass meadows and future environmental change in the anthropocene. This needs to be with particular reference to the consequences of poor water quality on ecosystem resilience and the effects of change on trophic interactions within the food web. Understanding and predicting the response of seagrass meadows to future environmental change requires an understanding of the natural long-term drivers of change and how these are currently influenced by anthropogenic stress. Conservation management of coastal and marine ecosystems now and in the future requires increased knowledge of how seagrass meadows respond to environmental change, and how they can be managed to be resilient to these changes. Finding solutions to such issues also requires recognising people as part of the social–ecological system. This special issue aims to further enhance this knowledge by bringing together global expertise across this field. The special issues considers issues such as ecosystem service delivery of seagrass meadows, the drivers of long-term seagrass change and the socio-economic consequences of environmental change to seagrass.     

浙江岛屿深井地震台防雷接地系统设计

针对当前岛屿深井地震台设备容易遭雷击及维修不便等问题,通过对雷电入侵台站设备的途径分析,依据现有防雷技术规范和相关理论,对观测房和井口防雷接地采用法拉第笼结构预防雷击,加强接地等电位连接,规范各种线路布设,综合多级雷电防护措施,使岛屿深井地震台站稳定可靠运行。     

Using Environmental Isotope Method to Study the Air Temperature Variations of the Earth

Using environmental isotopes to study the variations in air temperature is a relatively new method in Vietnam. This is a new and reliable method. Using environmental isotopes to study the temperature variations in the past and predict the future changes is a matter of being interested and applied. This paper used the results of isotope analysis (T, D, 18O, 13C and 14C) to study the change in temperature of the air environment in the past and then projected to 2050. From contents of isotopes, based on the correlation with temperature, water age we could calculate air temperature conditions in the past and predict future changes. Results from the study showed that about 500 years ago to present, air temperature in Red River area continuously rises and amplitude ranges from 0.05 to 0.06 °C /year. By 2030 the average temperature of the air environment will be 23.75 °C, by 2040 would be 24.10 °C and by 2050 is 25.20 °C     

传统农业系统环境胁迫应对措施分析——以中国农业文化遗产地为例(英文)

近年来,随着气候变化影响的不断加剧,农业发展也正承受着强大的生态环境压力的胁迫,严重威胁到粮食安全及农业的可持续发展。当今农业依托现代化生产技术虽在短期内可以有效降低甚至避免环境胁迫对农业生产的限制和影响,但是,从长期及系统角度考虑也给农业生态系统带来了许多生态危机。为实现农业可持续发展,环境胁迫应对措施必须充分考虑生态保护这一重要前提。农业文化遗产地的传统农业系统依托其独特的农业系统结构,包括土地利用方式、水利设施、传统作物等,较好实现了农业系统与当地自然条件尤其是胁迫因子之间的匹配。基于灾害系统理论,对比分析了农业文化遗产地农业系统及普通农业系统的环境胁迫应对措施。敖汉旱作农业系统(2012年被联合国粮农组织列为全球重要农业文化遗产)的种植结构以与当地水分条件匹配较好的谷黍等耐旱型作物为主,通过降低承灾体(农作物)的脆弱性,较好地在承灾体一环实现了防灾减灾的目的,实现了干旱半干旱地区农业生产与缺水环境的共存。云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统(2010年被联合国粮农组织列为全球重要农业文化遗产)依托于独特的水土利用方式和林—寨—田—河垂直分布的景观格局,通过重塑孕灾环境,有效避免了旱灾的发生。此外,农业文化遗产地传统农业系统凭借丰富的田间作物多样性、遗产地品牌效应及农业景观资源等,极大地提升了农业系统的经济价值,进而削弱了灾害对生产生活的影响。通过对比分析可见,传统农业系统的胁迫因子应对措施充分考虑了系统的自然调节和自发性,既可较好地避免灾害的发生,又保证了系统生态安全,是立足生态保护基础上实现农业可持续发展的典范。     

机场空管设备雷电防护

绵阳南郊机场2004年以来多普勒全向信标/测距仪(DVOR/DME)、仪表着陆系统(ILS)、无向信标机(NDB)、卫星站(TES)、航空气象自动观测系统(AWOS)、甚高频对空电台(VHF)等空管系统设备先后多次发生雷电灾害事故,不同程度地造成了设备故障和工作中断现象,对该机场的飞行保障造成了较为严重的影响。通过对雷灾案例的分析,介绍多级SPD保护,逐级消除雷电残压,同一建筑内设备联合接地和等电位处理,规范综合布线及建立定期维护检测制度,及时排查防雷安全隐患等措施,总结了切实有效解决通信导航设施发生雷电灾害事故的经验和方法。     

应急抢险临时用房雷电防护

在应急抢险救援中,临时用房的防雷安全一直为世人所关注。通过对临时用房特点阐述,分析了GB50057-1994的局限性,并采用IEC62305推荐方法对临时用房安装防雷装置进行判定分析。结果表明:GB50057-1994对建筑物防雷装置安装的判定指标不适用于临时用房,IEC62305推荐方法适用于临时用房安装防雷装置的判定;临时用房是否安装防雷装置与临时用房的大小尺寸和雷电日参数相关,在此基础上获得了临时用房雷电灾害风险值与其面积和周长、雷电日的关系式,为快速判定是否安装防雷装置提供理论依据。     

云南省A号办公大楼智能化系统的综合防雷设计

根据云南省A号办公大楼的特点,分别采用大楼内、外部防雷的基本措施和方法进行综合防雷设计,达到了全面防雷的目的和效果。     

浅析广西北海市气象科技服务现状及对策

通过对北海市气象局科技服务发展所存在的问题进行分析,找出了这些问题的本因和彼此间的联系,提出相应的建议,为推进气象局科技服务工作健康稳定、可持续发展提供有益的参考。