基于社区参与的世界遗产地旅游开发与保护研究

社区参与是世界遗产地旅游可持续发展的重要因素,但如何将世界遗产地旅游开发与保护同当地社区有机结合起来,使社区主动参与遗产的开发和保护,从而实现社区及遗产的良性发展已备受学者关注。对此,通过对社区参与旅游研究综述,分析目前中国世界遗产保护与旅游开发中的问题,提出了参与规划决策、参与遗产保护等等社区参与遗产保护与旅游开发的途径,使世界遗产地旅游开发持续健康发展。     

广州城市水文化遗产及保护利用

自广州建城2000多年来,对水的开发、建设、利用、审美、娱乐等活动为广州水文化的衍生提供了丰厚而独特的温床,使广州产生了独具特色、种类繁多的城市水文化遗产。伴随着广州城市的转型,城市水文化的功能也将发生重大变化,但其遭受破坏现象十分严重。为便于广州水文化遗产的保护和利用,通过对广州水文化、水遗产进行的全面梳理,发现广州城市水文化遗产可划分为聚落文化遗产、水利文化遗产、园林文化遗产、宗教文化遗产、民俗文化遗产和语言文化遗产六大类,并且具有类型多样、品质高、分布集中,连接了广州历史的文脉,对广州城市发展影响重大等特点。广州应加大对水文化遗产的挖掘和保护,要格外注重水文化遗产廊道的开发,营造多样性的水景观,丰富广州水文化遗产内涵。     

新台高速公路设计中的环境保护措施与工程实践

高速公路建设的迅猛发展将会极大地促进社会经济发展和改善人们生活质量,但也对环境造成了一定的影响。本文以广东省新(会)台(山)高速公路环境保护工程设计的实践经验,提出了一些设计思路,为今后在公路设计、施工中重视环境保护提供借鉴。     

Why Web GIS May Not Be Enough: A Case Study with the Virtual Research Vessel

During several decades of investigation, the East Pacific Rise seafloor-spreading center at 9°-10°N has been explored by marine geologists, geophysicists, chemists, and biologists, and has emerged as one of the best studied sections of the global midocean ridge. It is an example of a region for which there is now a great wealth of observational data, results, and data-driven theoretical studies. However, these have yet to be fully utilized, either by research scientists or educators. While the situation is improving, a large amount of data, results, and related theoretical models still exist either in an inert, noninteractive form (e.g., journal publications) or as unlinked and currently incompatible computer data or algorithms. Presented here is the prototype of a computational environment and toolset, called the Virtual Research Vessel, to improve the situation by providing marine scientists and educators with simultaneous access to data, maps, and numerical models. While infrastructure is desired and needed for ready access to data and the resulting maps via web GIS in order to link disparate data sets (data to data), it is argued that data must also be linked to models for better exploration of new relations between observables, refinement of numerical simulations, and the quantitative evaluation of scientific hypotheses. For widespread data access, web GIS is therefore only a preliminary step rather than a final solution, and the ongoing implementation of the Virtual Research Vessel (scheduled for final completion in 2004-2005) is a case study for the midocean ridge community to test the effectiveness of moving beyond the data-to-data mode towards data-to-models and data-to-interpretation.     

The Potential for Environmentally Sound Development of Marine Deposits of Potassic and Phosphatic Minerals Offshore,Southern Africa

Extensive potassium and phosphorous-rich mineralization occurs on the outer continental shelf of the southern and west coasts of South Africa and Nambia. This article reviews the potential of exploiting these deposits in an environmentally sound manner for the manufacture of fertilizer. At present, reserves of potash and phosphate fertilizer are exploited from terresterial deposits, the majority being surface mined. The use of fertilizer in South Africa has shown no growth in the past 13 years, and, in some years, usage has even declined. On average, over the last decade, South Africa has consumed 2 million Mt of fertilizer (including nitrogen) per annum, the vast majority of phosphate fertilizer being produced by FOSKOR from the Phalaborwa Igneous Complex. Potash fertilizer is imported into South Africa. Although fertilizer consumption is expected to decrease in the short-term, there are good future prospects for the domestic and international fertilizer market. Considerable research into both glauconitic (containing K 2 O) and phosphatic deposits along the southern African continental shelf indicate that these sedimentary deposits have a complex genesis and mineralization. Of the total K 2 O reserves of 1300 million Mt on the southern African margin, 1000 million Mt is located off the southern African west coast, and the remainder situated on the Agulhas Bank. The largest glauconite concentration ( - 300 million Mt K 2 O) off southern Africa lies west of Saldanha Bay, South Africa. The distribution of P 2 O 5 off southern Africa is dominated by the vast deposit between Walvis Bay and Luderitz, Nambia. This reserve is estimated to contain 1000 million Mt of greater than 5% P 2 O 5 in a relatively small area of about 10000 km2. The phosphorite deposit south of Saldanha Bay constitutes a reserve of - 3500 million Mt of apatite and the deposit on the Agulhas Bank comprises 5500 million Mt. The phosphate deposit off Saldanha Bay occurs as an extensive, low to medium grade deposit. Although vast resources of potash and phosphatic minerals occur along the southern African outer continental shelf the expensive nature of marine exploitation may render most of these deposits, especially the phosphates, subeconomic. The low price of fertilizer andextensive natureontheonland deposits, although confined to asmallnumber of countries, mean that it will not be financially viable to extract these deposits. Assuming high grade glauconitic sand with the right composition can be located, the high market price indicates good future prospects for these potash deposits.     

泸沽湖摩梭母系文化“孤岛”及其文化生态透视——兼论泸沽湖摩梭母系文化的保护

基于泸沽湖摩梭人的历史与现实,阐明其母系文化所内蕴的超越“母系”意义的“重屋尊女”本质内涵及其具体表征;并运用人文哲学视野中的“文化生态”理念和分析框架,从文化与文化、文化与政治、经济、社会等的多元互动态势中,对泸沽湖摩梭母系文化及其“孤岛”现象的形成、维护与强化进行了全方位的解读和剖析,认为摩梭本族人口的低速抑或负增长趋势,“计生”、外出打工、旅游经营制度及过度旅游开发等文化生态因子正在对摩梭母系文化的存续构成潜在威胁,进而从文化主体、文化客体及其生态建设等层面,针对性地提出了泸沽湖摩梭母系文化保护与调适的对策和建议。     

Global warming: a review of this mostly settled issue

Global warming and attendant climate change have been controversial for at least a decade. This is largely because of its societal implications since the science is largely straightforward. With the recent publication of the Fourth Assessment Report of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Working Group 1) there has been renewed interest and controversy about how certain the scientific community is of its conclusions: that humans are influencing the climate and that global temperatures will continue to rise rapidly in this century. This review attempts to update what is known and in particular what advances have been made in the past 5 years or so. It does not attempt to be comprehensive. Rather it focuses on the most controversial issues, which are actually few in number. They are:

• Is the surface temperature record accurate or is it biased by heat from cities, etc.?
• Is that record significantly different from past warmings such as the Medieval Warming Period?
• Are human greenhouse gases changing the climate more than the sun?
• Can we model climate and predict its future, or is it just too complex and chaotic?
• Are there any other changes in climate other than warming, and can they be attributed to the warming?

Finally there is a very brief discussion of the societal policy response to the scientific message. Note that much of the introductory material in each section is essentially the same as that which appears in Keller 2003 (hereafter referred to as OR = original review) and its update (Keller 2007). Despite continued uncertainties, the review finds an affirmative answer to these questions. Of particular interest are advances that seem to explain why satellites do not see as much warming as surface instruments, how we are getting a good idea of recent paleo-climates, and why the twentieth century temperature record was so complex. It makes the point that in each area new information could come to light that would change our thinking on the quantitative magnitude and timing of anthropogenic warming, but it is unlikely to alter the basic conclusions.     

NOSA体系在城市爆炸灾害管理中的应用

城市爆炸灾害管理具有风险高、专业性强的特性,任一环节出现一个小小的疏忽,都可能诱发一次大的安全事故。为了提高城市爆炸灾害的管理水平,引进“安健环”风险评估与管理体系。“安健环”风险评估与管理体系包括人身财产安全、职业健康、环境保护三个方面,能够比较全面、科学地评估各种爆炸灾害的风险。该管理体系采用计划、执行、检查、行动（PDCA）的管理模式,强调人性化管理和持续改进的理念,可执行性强。将该体系用于城市爆炸灾害管理中,灾前侧重于对未遂事件的预防和控制,从源头上采取切实可行的措施控制或消除风险,并编制应急救援预案指导灾后救援,确保灾后响应的及时有效,进而达到防止灾害的蔓延,实现高效救援之目的。     

政府职能在减轻地震灾害中的作用

0前言 地震安全,事关人民群众生命财产安全和经济社会可持续发展。随着社会的发展和国家实力的增强,国家已把地震安全作为社会公共安全的重要组成部分,惨烈的2008年汶川大地震,更把地震安全推到了众人关注的地位。采取各种有效措施,最大限度地减轻地震灾害损失,已成为各级人民政府义不容辞的职责。     

Amplification system for concentrated and distributed energy dissipation devices

Recent analytic, experimental, and practical studies are developing energy dissipation devices combined with amplifying mechanisms (AM) to enhance structural behavior. This research presents the theoretical and experimental development of the eccentric lever‐arm system (ELAS), a new system generically called amplified added damping (AAD), which is a combination of an AM with one or more dampers capable of supporting large deformations. The proposed AM device is a variant of the well‐known lever‐arm system. This work is divided in four parts: (1) kinematics of the ELAS and definition of an equivalent AAD; (2) parametric analysis of a linear single‐story structure with ELAS; (3) numerical analysis of a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structure with frictional damping with and without AM; and (4) pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full scale asymmetric one story steel structure with and without frictional AAD. Parametric analyses demonstrate that using high‐amplification ratios and low supplemental damping could be a good practice. On the other hand, similar to systems without AMs, dissipation efficiency increases conformably with the stiffness of the secondary structure. As expected, it was observed that deformation was highly concentrated in the flexible edge of the asymmetric test model without damper. Conversely, the structure with frictional AAD clearly showed uniform plane deformation. The implemented AM, which has a large amplifying ratio of α≈11, performed with close accordance with numerical simulations and a high mechanical efficiency (≈95%) using a frictional damper with a very low force capacity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.