云南地区震源破裂长度与震级的经验关系

从云南地区１９６５ 年有台网记录以来主震震级 Ｍ Ｓ≥４ ．９ 的地震序列中选取５１ 个序列,根据直接余震的平面分布统计得到震源的破裂长度,用最小二乘线性回归模型得到了３ 种震级范围的破裂长度与主震震级的经验关系式     

面向山地徒步应急救援路径规划的改进蚁群算法研究

当消防事故发生在无明显道路或道路稀疏的野外复杂山区时,如何在复杂山地环境中规划安全、快速通过的路线至关重要。针对蚁群算法在复杂山地路径规划中容易陷入局部最优以及搜索时间较长的问题,本文提出一种适用于细粒度野外山地环境的徒步应急救援路径规划算法。本文首先根据已有文献分析地表信息与人类运动速度之间的关系,综合地表灌木盖度与地形坡度因素设计寻优算法的目标函数和启发函数;接着采用定向范围视野的蚂蚁搜索方式,决定蚁群算法寻优过程中每一步的网格选择;最后采用拉普拉斯分布调整初始信息素、添加隔离信息素、融合遗传算子与分组更新常规信息素的方法改进蚁群算法。将算法应用到400×400、1000×1000、5000×5000、10 000×10 000网格数的野外山地环境进行实验对比,实验结果表明,采用定向范围视野与优化启发函数的各蚁群算法在四组实验中均能得到可行路径,验证了方法的有效性;本文算法求解的路径质量优于另外三种算法,在四组实验中分别提高了0.52%～4.95%、4.71%～5.39%、2.26%～13.11%、3.84%～9.16%;此外,在野外三维山地环境中,定向范围视野的搜索方式缩减了搜索...     

应用经验正交函数估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面

本文基于IRI模型、地面数字测高仪和GNSS TEC数据,提出了一种利用经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,简称EOF)估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面的方法,并将其应用于美国Millstone Hill测高仪和GNSS数据以估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面.通过将估算的临界频率、峰值高度、400km以上电子密度分别与测高仪实测临界频率、测高仪实测峰值高度以及非相干散射雷达实测400km以上电子密度作对比以对方法的有效性进行验证.统计结果显示估算临界频率、峰值高度与测高仪实测数据基本一致,400km以上估算电子密度相较于非相干散射雷达实测的绝对误差平均值仅是测高仪推算400km以上电子密度绝对误差平均值的一半左右.所以本文提出的方法可以更加精确地估算顶部电离层电子密度.     

复经验正交函数在水温预报中的应用

复经验正交函数（ＣＥＯＦ）是一种新的物理场的分解方法，它除了可以揭示物理场的时、空分布和变化规律外，还可以反映波动或平流效应。故本文首次将该方法移植到预报方法研究上来，建立了渤海、黄海的表、底层水温预报方案。为了检验该预报方案的可靠性，试报的结果除与实测值进行比较外，同时还与依据经验正交函数（ＥＯＦ）建立预报方法的预报结果进行了对比。结果表明，对于南、北黄海表层水温的试报结果，ＣＥＯＦ方法试报的平均绝对误差比ＥＯＦ方法预报的误差平均小０．２℃；而对于底层水温，两种方法的预报误差相近。     

Time-frequency decomposition of seismic signals via quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit

Matching pursuit belongs to the category of spectral decomposition approaches that use a pre-defined discrete wavelet dictionary in order to decompose a signal adaptively. Although disengaged from windowing issues, matching point demands high computational costs as extraction of all local structure of signal requires a large size dictionary. Thus in order to find the best match wavelet, it is required to search the whole space. To reduce the computational cost of greedy matching pursuit, two artificial intelligence methods, (1) quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm and (2) particle swarm optimization, are introduced for two successive steps: (a) initial estimation and (b) optimization of wavelet parameters. We call this algorithm quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit. Quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit starts with a small colony of population at which each individual, is potentially a transformed form of a time-frequency atom. To attain maximum pursuit of the potential candidate wavelets with the residual, the colony members are adjusted in an evolutionary way. In addition, the quantum computing concepts such as quantum bit, quantum gate, and superposition of states are introduced into the method. The algorithm parameters such as social and cognitive learning factors, population size and global migration period are optimized using seismic signals. In applying matching pursuit to geophysical data, typically complex trace attributes are used for initial estimation of wavelet parameters, however, in this study it was shown that using complex trace attributes are sensitive to noisy data and would have lower rate of convergence. The algorithm performance over noisy signals, using non-orthogonal dictionaries are investigated and compared with other methods such as orthogonal matching pursuit. The results illustrate that quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit has the least sensitivity to noise and higher rate of convergence. Finally, the algorithm is applied to both modelled seismograms and real data for detection of low frequency anomalies to validate the findings.     

用改进的经验格林函数方法模拟唐山地震动

建筑物的抗震设防需要尽可能地掌握未来大地震强震动记录信息,但大地震强震动记录的匮乏阻碍了抗震设防实践的发展。经验格林函数方法作为模拟地震动的主要方法,可以提供可靠的大地震强震动记录,但也存在着许多问题,如缺乏对大地震断层滑动分布不均匀的描述、用经验确定小震数目、模拟方法受到大小地震相似条件的限制等。文中对上述经验格林函数方法存在的问题进行了研究,改进的经验格林函数方法,有效地解决了上述问题。并用其对唐山大地震进行了模拟,并把模拟的地震动时程和反应谱与实际记录相比较,发现用改进方法模拟的地震动加速度反应谱比用未改进方法模拟结果更接近实际的地震动记录加速度反应谱。由此说明改进的经验格林函数可更准确的模拟地震动。     

Experimental analysis on the risk of vortex ventilation and the free surface ventilation of marine propellers

The paper presents a discussion of the ventilation inception and air drawing prediction of ships propellers, aiming to predict under what conditions ventilation will happen, and the actual physical mechanism of the ventilation.Three different types of ventilation inception mechanisms are included in our discussion: free surface vortex ventilation, ventilation by sucking down the free surface without forming a vortex as well as ventilation by propeller coming out of the water. Ventilation prediction is based on a series of model tests, where the propeller is tested in different levels of intermittent ventilation. The use of underwater video gives a visual understanding of the ventilation phenomena.Ventilation by vortex formation has analogies with other phenomena, such as the inlet vortex in pump sumps, ground vortex at the inlet of the aircraft engines and the Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC). The paper includes comparison between Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC) and Propeller Free Surface Vortex Ventilation (PFSVV) as well as comparison between PFSVV and vortex formations of aero engines during high power operation near a solid surface.Experimental data based on several different model tests shows the boundary between the vortex forming, non-vortex forming and free surface ventilation flow regimes. For comparison the following parameters, which determined the intensity of the hydrodynamic interaction between the propeller and free surface have been used: propeller load coefficient c_T, tip clearance ratio c/D, propeller submergence ratio h/R, ambient velocity V_i and flow cavitation/ventilation number σ_cav/σ_vent.     

典型海湾风暴潮增水特征与机理研究

以三门湾为例,基于经验模态分解方法 (EMD)将原始风暴潮增水过程进行分解,并对各个子模态进行能量谱分析,研究每种波动对应的生成机制。结果表明:半封闭海湾内的风暴潮增水较为严重,造成三门湾内强增水的台风为三门湾南侧的西北向登陆台风。EMD分解结果显示三门湾内的风暴潮增水包含6 h,12 h,20 h左右的波动,其中6 h左右的波动来源于海湾共振,共振的频率是由海湾的形状、水深等固有性质所决定的。12 h的波动是由于天文潮与风暴潮耦合作用导致,20 h左右的波动是由于台风移动过程中外海波动的传入。结果表明EMD方法为风暴潮波动增水特征的精细认知提供了一种新的思路和方法,可以加深对海湾内风暴潮波动增水特征的研究。     

2012年印尼8.6级地震应变地震波的Hilbert-Huang时频分析

本文通过端点效应压制的Hilbert-Huang变换, 对大同及沁源台布置的四分量钻孔应变仪记录的印尼8.6级地震激发的应变地震波形进行时频分析, 结果显示印尼8.6级地震的主震和8.2级余震的应变地震波序列各个震相具有不同的时频特征: ① 地震波到达之前的所谓“环境噪声”部分, 瞬时频率低, 瞬时振幅小; ② P波初至时, 高频成分突然增加, 振幅也随即增强; ③ S波到达时, 频率有所降低而振幅剧烈上升; ④ 面波到达时, 振幅进一步剧烈上升达到整个序列的极大值; ⑤ 尾波部分振幅逐渐降低, 但与噪声部分相比频率依然偏高, 振幅依然偏大。 本文也将应变地震波与地震仪记录的地震波进行对比, 虽然应变地震波与地震波波形和Fourier谱具有极高的相关系数, 但从Hilbert-Huang变换得到的边际谱上看, 应变地震波与地震波有显著的区别, 应变地震波比地震波记录的低频成分相对更多。 通过Hilbert谱, 有助于更好地了解非平稳信号的局部特征, 对于突变信号的地震波, Hilbert-Huang变换是一个较好的时频分析工具。     

Sediment settling in the Latian Dam in Iran

Among the difficulties that influence future dam operations,reservoir sedimentation is the most problematic for engineers.This study predicted the amount and pattern of sedimentation for use in estimation of the useful lifespan of reservoirs and identification of optimal locations for outlets and intakes at the initial stages of dam design.Hydrographic surveys of different dams can provide better insight into this phenomenon.Latian Dam in Iran has conducted hydrographic surveys during 7 time periods.The amount and process of sedimentation in this reservoir were determined,and predictions of distribution of sediments were validated by well-known,common methods.The formation of a delta in the reservoir was investigated for different time periods after operation.Future problems due to the impacts of sedimentation on dam operation and the useful lifespan of the reservoir were predicted.In addition,the study results may be used for developing empirical methods to predict sedimentation patterns in other reservoirs.