苏北盆地高邮凹陷隐蔽性断层构造特征分析与预测

晚白垩世晚期—新生代发育的高邮凹陷,是苏北盆地南部典型富含油气的半地堑式断陷盆地,自南向北分为南断阶、深凹带与北斜坡。该凹陷复杂断裂构造系统与相应的沉积格局受印支期NEE向逆冲基底断层系与晚侏罗世伊泽纳崎板块高速斜向俯冲形成的NNE向左行平移基底断层系影响,同时受古近纪期间区域近SN向拉张应力状态控制。北斜坡东部花瓦构造带主体EW向正断层与NNE向隐蔽性断层发育了限制型、连接型、复合型3类隐蔽性断块圈闭模式,同时在平面上形成多种组合样式。通过研究花瓦区隐蔽性断块圈闭实例与有限差分法数值模拟,分析总结出高邮凹陷NNE向隐蔽性断层的成因机制与构造特征,并推断了5条隐蔽性断层发育带。     

中国航磁大地构造单元划分

本文以我国截止到2011年基本覆盖陆域及部分海域的航磁数据编制的全国航磁系列图为基础,以航磁反映的区域磁场和磁性基底起伏特征为依据,汲取主流大地构造观的划分理念,以板块构造理论及大陆动力学思想为指导,以磁场反映的构造特征为切入点,结合重力、遥感、地质资料对中国陆域构造单元进行划分。大地构造单元划分4个级别:一级构造单元为陆块区和造山系,共划分出8个;二级构造单元为陆块、弧盆系和地块,共划分出32个;三级构造单元为盆地、坳陷带(区)和隆起带(区),共划分出85个;四级构造单元为隆起和坳陷,共划分出332个。本划分方案旨在为油气地质构造背景研究及油气勘探提供一份地球物理资料。文中重点讨论了一、二级构造单元界线厘定的磁场依据及与前人划分存在的不同之处,而三、四级构造单元完全依据磁场及磁性基底起伏情况进行划分,并在盆地和坳陷区给出了深度信息,这为油气勘探者提供了必要的技术支撑。同时,借助丰富的航磁信息提示出一些地质构造方面难解现象,供同行专家参考与讨论。     

滇西云县地区团梁子岩组变质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

滇西云县—景洪一带广泛出露的中元古界团梁子岩组是一套与扬子基底岩系密切相关的中低变质沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时代、沉积充填序列及大地构造属性一直存在争议。出露于云县漫湾地区的团梁子岩组发育厚数米的绿片岩(原岩玄武岩)及绢云石英千枚岩(原岩流纹岩)。采集绢云石英千枚岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得1497±14Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和893±17.3Ma、425±15.7Ma、321±27Ma的变质年龄。认为团梁子岩组中以绿片岩、绢云石英千枚岩为主体的原始沉积岩系形成于中元古代中期,在新元古代全球性的格林威尔造山过程中被青白口纪花岗岩侵入并发生变质作用;在古特提斯洋俯冲过程中,经历古生代造弧作用;同时还获单颗粒2310±15Ma的碎屑锆石,推测滇西云县地区应存在古元古代的结晶基底,由此可知,团梁子岩组应是扬子陆块褶皱基底岩系的组成部分。     

基于航空重磁特征对突泉盆地构造的认识

为获取突泉盆地航空物探基础地质资料,为油气调查评价提供参考,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心在该盆地开展了1:10万航空重磁综合调查工作。利用最新的航空重磁资料及实测岩石物性数据,对突泉盆地及其邻区重磁异常特征进行研究,分析航空重磁异常与地层展布、断裂活动、岩浆岩体的分布关系,重点探讨盆地的基底性质。结果表明,研究区航空重力异常与航磁异常在强度、范围、形态、梯度和走向等方面具有一定的规律性,该区断裂体系分布与重磁场特征明显相关,NNE-NE向、NW向及NE向3组断裂明显控制盆地沉积岩体及岩浆岩体的展布,盆地基底由下古生界浅变质岩系和前古生界中等变质岩系构成。     

合肥盆地安参1井前侏罗纪基底地层的孢粉组合特征与时代归属

大别山北缘的安参1井是合肥盆地最深的一口参数井,钻遇前侏罗纪基底地层达千米以上,为一套不含煤层(线)或灰岩以泥岩为主的地层,与周缘华北陆块和大别造山带等构造单元的地层对比困难。因缺少宏观化石记录和明确的定年依据,其时代归属一直存在争议,制约了对这一套特殊地层所反映的地质信息的进一步挖掘。为进一步明确该套特殊地层的地质时代,本项研究对安参1井4160~5152m井段大量岩心和岩屑样品进行了微古化石分析,在其中5块样品中发现了保存良好的孢粉化石647粒,共计23属51种及部分未定种。根据对孢粉化石的类型、属种和含量的分析,将其自下而上划分为两个孢粉化石组合:Ⅰ.Densosporites reynoldburgensisLaevigatosporites perminutus;Ⅱ.Triquitrites-Macrotorispora media。孢粉组合Ⅰ中蕨类植物孢子以平均含量87.67%占绝对优势,代表分子有Laevigatosporites perminutus,Lycospora rotunda,Patellisporites meishanesis等,裸子植物花粉均为单囊粉属Florinites;孢粉组合Ⅱ中,蕨类植物孢子平均含量降低至53.78%,其中蕨类孢子Lycospora rotunda消失,Leiotriletes adnatus,Triquitrites,Crassipora等含量下降,并有特征分子大一头沉孢属Macrotorispora出现,裸子植物花粉含量和丰富度明显增加,以柯达粉属Cordaitina为主。经过与华北其他地区孢粉组合特征的对比分析,上述两个孢粉组合分别与华北陆块晚古生代二叠系太原组和上石盒子组具有明确的相似性,与早期和中晚期华夏植物群面貌相一致,反映了裸子植物逐渐繁盛、属种越来越丰富的过程,孢粉组合Ⅰ和Ⅱ的地质时代分别为晚石炭世晚期至早二叠世早期和晚二叠世,为安参1井前侏罗纪基底存在石炭—二叠系提供了直接证据,也为合肥盆地沉积环境和古气候分析提供了新资料。     

黑龙江省浅覆盖区地物化特征与找矿标志——以黑河市340高地金矿化区为例

黑龙江省黑河市340高地金矿点大地构造上位于兴安地块东北缘,多宝山Cu-Au-Mo-W-Fe成矿亚带内,其地貌为浅覆盖区,找矿较为困难。本文采用浅钻技术取样,对研究区进行基岩填图,圈定出以硅化为中心、青磐岩化为外围的蚀变矿化带。对基岩样品进行岩石地球化学分析,通过主成分分析,确定有6个主成分特征值大于1,其中第二主成分与金元素关系密切,是研究区有效的找矿标志。高精度磁测结果显示区内构造以NNW向为主,且其线性低值异常或与蚀变引起的退磁有关。对区内的地物化异常进行工程查证,发现金矿点1处,圈定预测靶区1处。     

Effective medium modeling to assess gas hydrate and free-gas evident from the velocity structure in the Makran accretionary prism, offshore Pakistan

Seismic properties of sediments are strongly influenced by pore fluids. Stiffness of unconsolidated marine sediment increases with the presence of gas hydrate and decreases with the presence of gas. A strong bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) observed on a seismic profile in the Makran accretionary prism, offshore Pakistan, indicates the presence of gas hydrate and free-gas across the BSR. Elastic properties of gas depend largely on pressure and temperature. We, therefore, first determine the elastic modulus of gas at pressure and temperature calculated at the BSR depth in the study region. The interval velocities derived from the seismic data are interpreted by the effective medium theory, which is a combination of self-consistent approximation and differential effective medium theories, together with a smoothing approximation, for assessment of gas hydrate and free-gas. The results show the saturations of gas hydrate and free-gas as 22 and 2.4% of pore space, respectively, across the BSR.     

广西若干重大基础地质特征

文章根据华南地区物探、化探、遥感编图广西综合解译成果,研究广西若干重大基础地质特征,着重讨论地壳结构、深部构造、主要隐伏深断裂带、基底性质等,以板块观点划分大地构造单元,提出广西地壳属陆壳型性质和扬子板块在广西的边界划在三江-大新一线的新认识.     

Clinoform architecture and along‐strike facies variability through an exhumed erosional to accretionary basin margin transition

Exhumed basin margin‐scale clinothems provide important archives for understanding process interactions and reconstructing the physiography of sedimentary basins. However, studies of coeval shelf through slope to basin‐floor deposits are rarely documented, mainly due to outcrop or subsurface dataset limitations. Unit G from the Laingsburg depocentre (Karoo Basin, South Africa) is a rare example of a complete basin margin scale clinothem (>60 km long, 200 m‐high), with >10 km of depositional strike control, which allows a quasi‐3D study of a preserved shelf‐slope‐basin floor transition over a ca. 1,200 km² area. Sand‐prone, wave‐influenced topset deposits close to the shelf‐edge rollover zone can be physically mapped down dip for ca. 10 km as they thicken and transition into heterolithic foreset/slope deposits. These deposits progressively fine and thin over tens of km farther down dip into sand‐starved bottomset/basin‐floor deposits. Only a few km along strike, the coeval foreset/slope deposits are bypass‐dominated with incisional features interpreted as minor slope conduits/gullies. The margin here is steeper, more channelized and records a stepped profile with evidence of sand‐filled intraslope topography, a preserved base‐of‐slope transition zone and sand‐rich bottomset/basin‐floor deposits. Unit G is interpreted as part of a composite depositional sequence that records a change in basin margin style from an underlying incised slope with large sand‐rich basin‐floor fans to an overlying accretion‐dominated shelf with limited sand supply to the slope and basin floor. The change in margin style is accompanied with decreased clinoform height/slope and increased shelf width. This is interpreted to reflect a transition in subsidence style from regional sag, driven by dynamic topography/inherited basement configuration, to early foreland basin flexural loading. Results of this study caution against reconstructing basin margin successions from partial datasets without accounting for temporal and spatial physiographic changes, with potential implications on predictive basin evolution models.     

西沙群岛基底火山碎屑岩中单斜辉石的矿物化学特征及其地质意义

本文利用电子探针对南海西沙群岛琛航岛珊瑚礁底部火山碎屑岩中的单斜辉石矿物的化学特征进行了研究。结果表明,该单斜辉石属于富钙透辉石,部分有正环带结构,从核部到边部Ca、Fe、Ti的含量逐渐增加,是岩浆正常结晶顺序的反映,说明该区域的岩浆演化是向着富Ca、Fe、Ti方向发展的。主量元素数据显示,单斜辉石具有低Si高Al的特征(SiO₂=41.40%～48.44%,Al₂O₃=5.54%～10.20%),且AlⅣ含量较高,说明母岩浆为不饱和碱性岩浆系列;此外,单斜辉石Ca含量偏高,Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe)值在46.1%～51.4%之间,推测是母岩浆的高Ca含量导致了大量高钙辉石的产出。结合西沙海域的地震和构造资料,推测琛航岛珊瑚礁的基底是玄武质火山碎屑岩组成的平顶状海山,系岩浆穿过断裂发育的岩石圈层在西沙群岛的海底喷发,随后火山碎屑物质经过堆积、固结作用而形成;该火山碎屑岩的原岩为板内碱性玄武岩。