天津地区构造沉降及控沉远景问题

使用第四纪地质、统计地貌学和历史水准点调查等手段,研究了天津地区的构造沉降背景,讨论了控制地面沉降远景目标问题。研究工作使用天津地区第一海相层底板埋深、全新统地层钻孔、深层基岩标和历史水准点等一系列资料,获得天津市和邻近地区构造沉降的平均速率为1.7mm a左右。研究还发现了基底构造沉降背景具有这样一些规律:(1)从西部到东部沿海,区内沉降有逐渐增加的趋势。(2)沿海河发育了一条北西方向的构造沉降异常带。(3)以海河为界,沉降分布的方向不同,北部为北西西向,南部为北东方向,整体活动规律反映了活动断裂和基底构造的控制作用。     

俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本石卷地学断面西段地质-地球物理基本特征

对于贝加尔湖-石卷地学断面(BAMSIP)的西段俄罗斯贝加尔湖-中国满洲里断面城内的地质构造背景、地震剖面波类型和基本特征等研究发现：(1)断面域中贝加尔裂谷带地震波速度结构存在异常地幔带；结晶地壳物质成分基性程度较高；基底顶面和Moho界面未观察到明显的镜象关系；(2)西伯利亚南部的复杂相故基底由古生代和前寒武纪岩层所组构；区域构造由古褶皱系、中生代沉积盆地、裂谷带构成。     

Geomechanical model for the post-Variscan evolution of the Permocarboniferous–Mesozoic basins in Northeast Germany

The Permocarboniferous basins in Northeast Germany formed on the heterogeneous and eroded parts of the Variscan orogene and its deformed northern foreland. Transtensional tectonic movements and thermal re-equilibration lead to medium-scale crustal fragmentation, fast subsidence rates and regional emplacement of large amounts of mostly acidic volcanics. The later basin formation and differentiation was triggered by reversals of the large-scale stress field and reactivation of prominent zones of weakness like the Elbe Fault System and the Rhenohercynian/Saxothuringian boundary that separate different Variscan basement domains in the area. The geomechanical behaviour of the latter plays an important role for the geodynamic evolution of the medium to large-scale structural units, which we can observe today in three dimensions on structural maps, geophysical recordings and digital models. This study concentrates on an area that comprises the southern Northeast German Basin, the Saale Basin, the Flechtingen High, the Harz Mountains High and the Subhercynian Basin. The presented data include re-evaluations of special geological and structural maps, the most recent interpretation of the DEKORP BASIN 9601 seismic profile and observations of exposed rock sections in Northeast Germany. On the basis of different structural inventories and different basement properties, we distinguish two structural units to the south and one structural unit to the north of the Elbe Fault System. For each unit, we propose a geomechanical model of basin formation and basin inversion, and show that the Rhenohercynian Fold and Thrust Belt domain is deformed in a thin-skinned manner, while the Mid-German Crystalline Rise Domain, which is the western part of the Saxothuringian Zone, rather shows a thick-skinned deformation pattern. The geomechanical model for the unit north to the Elbe Fault System takes account to the fact that the base of the Zechstein beneath the present Northeast German basin shows hardly any evidence for brittle deformation, which indicates a relative stable basement. Our geomechanical model suggests that the Permocarboniferous deposits may have contributed to the structural stiffness by covering small to medium scale structures of the upper parts of the brittle basement. It is further suggested that the pre-Zechstein successions underneath the present Northeast German basin were possibly strengthening during the Cretaceous basin inversion, which resulted in stress transfer to the long-lived master faults, as indicated for example by the shape of the salt domes in the vicinity of the latter faults. Contrary to this, post-Zechstein successions deformed in a different and rather complex way that was strongly biased by intensive salt tectonic movements.     

长白山天池火山区长白-敦化剖面结晶基底的探测和研究

时间项分析法中，应用广义最小二乘法进行反演，对长白山天池火山区岩浆系统的长白—敦化(L1)剖面的Pg波到时进行了计算处理，得到了Pg波时间项及基底速度值；取上部地壳的介质平均速度为4．5km/s，经反演求得了各点的深度值，给出了长白山天池火山区结晶基底的厚度分布。结晶基底厚度一般在2．0km左右，而在长白山天池下方结晶基底最厚处接近4．0km；在万宝和敦化附近各有一不太明显的凹陷，其原因可能与在这两个位置处有几条断裂穿过有关。     

对波达波夫和Pride震电波方程组的对比分析

用Biot介质参数说明了波达波夫震电波方程组中弹性动力学 参数的含义，解释了第一类和第二类震电效应的意义，在忽略第一类震电效应条件下将该方 程组与Pride方程组进行比较，说明了二者在描述第二类震电效应方面的异同点. 同时指出 ：波达波夫方程组忽略了流体与固体的耦合质量；方程中的黏性耗散项丢掉了一个孔隙度因 子，依据该方程组计算出的弹性波和转换电场的幅度将偏大；边界条件之一存在错误，会影 响对波在界面上的反射透射规律的描述.     

用Pg波走时重建华北地区结晶基底速度及时间项图像

应用层析成象以投影方法，对华北地区２８条深地震剖剖面地震测深剖面Ｐｇ波走时进行处理，作出该区结晶基底速度及时间项成像。并作了方法的数值模型合成数据的敏感性分析，证明所采用有效性及成象结果的可靠性。计算中应用ＬＳＱＲ算法求解大型稀疏超定方程。并采用只存储矩阵非零元素技术，使存储量减小到原矩阵百分之一，同时零元素不参数加计算，提高了运算速度。华北地区结昌基底速度为５．９－６．３５ｋｍ／ｓ，时间最大为２     

弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究

改善弹性波有限元逆时偏移剖面的质量是目前该方法面临的难题，为此，首先在有限元方程中，合理地加入边界力项，并找到准确的成像条件，以及对炮集资料用惠更斯（Huygens）原理消除直达波和面波干扰等措施，提高了复杂含油气结构的偏移剖面质量．本文重点研究单分量资料弹性波偏移的可靠性，利用单分量、抽炮集资料，模拟实际资料处理典型含油气构造，得到了高质量的自激自收和炮集资料的偏移剖面．     

扬子与华北太宙基底差异的 Sm-Nd 同位素和 REE 新证据

本文通过对扬子崆岭杂岩和华北太华群和阜平群新太古代和古元古代斜长角闪岩、TTG片麻岩 Sm-Nd同位素和REE对比研究，讨论了同时代岩石对地壳主体增生时代、地幔性质和演化规律的揭示，表明两克拉通属不同大陆岩石圈陆块。     

华南（东）变质基底特征、古构造型式及铀、金矿化远景

华南（东）变质基底由杨子及华夏两块不同特征的地质体组成，中元古代之后，该地区分别经过了碰撞对接、拉开、再拼贴的演化过程。碰撞对接带和在古裂谷系基础上成型的陆内推覆及平移、剪切型拼贴带构成了本区基底构造主要型式。铀及金矿远景与基底特征关系密切，铀矿主要产于基底裂隆带部位，金则主要产于裂凹（裂陷）带部位。古基底构造交叉部位是中新生代构造活动活跃部位，受其控制的早期横向火山裂谷盆地，在晚期拉张条件下形成的岩浆杂岩带是铀、金、多金属成矿最佳远景区。