河北围场早白垩世鲎虫化石性双形现象研究

对产自河北围场下白垩统九佛堂组的65件鲎虫化石标本进行研究。根据其形态特征,认为这些鲎虫化石属于三角围场鲎虫（Weichangiops triangularisYang et Hong, 1980）。有观点认为,具有上肛板的鲎虫为冷水型鲎虫,而不具上肛板的鲎虫为暖水型鲎虫。河北围场采集的鲎虫化石有的具上肛板,有的不具上肛板,目前没有任何证据表明其为冷水型鲎虫与暖水型鲎虫混生的产物。通过研究,对三角围场鲎虫的特征进行了适当修正,认为围场地区的鲎虫化石具1对复眼,因此依据单个复眼而建立的新亚科——围场鲎虫亚科（Weichangiopsinae）不成立,应予以摒弃。三角围场鲎虫存在明显的性双形现象,雄性个体尾部具有上肛板,雌性个体不具有上肛板,这对于鲎虫化石分类研究具有重要的科学价值,可避免在生物分类时发生同物异名现象。     

福建温泉的特点及其热源,成因的探讨

主要介绍了福建温泉的水温,水量,水质,水热异常区大小,空间分布以及产出的地质,地貌的特点,对福建温泉的主要热源观点进行讨论,并对福建温泉的热源,成因和温泉的构造意义提出了初步的想法。     

三姑泉域水环境质量评价及水污染控制对策

为确保三姑泉域水资源的可持续开发利用,采用常规方法对泉域水环境质量进行了评价。结果表明:三姑泉域的地表水和地下水已不同程度遭受污染,水环境的污染与煤矿开采以及工业废水和生活污水的不合理排放有关。结合当地实际提出水污染控制对策。研究成果为三姑泉域水资源管理和保护提供科学依据。     

Integrated biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Albian) Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform deposits in Istria, Croatia

The Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform (ADCP) was one of the largest and relatively well preserved Mesozoic platforms in the Mediterranean region (central Tethys). The peninsula Istria, in the northwestern part of the ADCP, is built up predominantly of shallow-water carbonates of the Middle Jurassic (Dogger) to Eocene age and, to a lesser extent, of Paleogene clastic deposits (flysch and calcareous breccia). This study focuses on a Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Albian) succession of strata at five localities in western Istria. Stratigraphic determinations are based on identification of nine microfossil assemblages (benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae Dasycladales) and on using their taxa as index fossils. The age of strata with these microfossil assemblages, however, is questionable. Most of the age uncertainties are associated with a regional emersion, which occurred on the ADCP during the Aptian or close to the Aptian-Albian transition. It is unclear what portions of the Upper Aptian and/or Lower Albian are missing along this unconformity. A stable isotope study was conducted on homogenous micritic matrix samples in an attempt to resolve some of these uncertainties. Variations in carbon isotope compositions proved useful for stratigraphic correlation between the examined successions of strata, for improving their age determination, and for relating them to other coeval successions that span an important time interval of major oceanographic changes and carbon-cycle perturbations associated with the Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE 1a).     

A New Genus and Species of Sapeornithidae from Lower Cretaceous in Western Liaoning, China

Sapeornithidae is a basal pygostylian family of Early Cretaceous primitive birds, in which only one genus and species, Sapeornis chaoyangensis, was reported before. This paper deals with a new genus and species of this family, Didactylornis jii gen. et sp. nov., which was unearthed from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. According to our phylogenetic analyses, both Didactylornis gen. nov. and Sapeornis form a sister group, which is basal to the clade formed by Confuciusornis and all the more derived birds, and more closely related to the short-tailed pygostylian birds than to the long-tailed avialian birds. The early history of pygostylian birds is poorly documented except for the studies of Confuciusornis and Sapeornis. The discovery ofDidactylornisjii gen. et sp. nov. adds the new material for the study on the early evolution of birds.     

Palaeobotanical evidence of wildfires in the Late Palaeozoic of South America – Early Permian, Rio Bonito Formation, Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Fossil charcoal, as direct evidence of palaeowildfires, has repeatedly been reported from several plant-bearing deposits from the Late Palaeozoic of the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast charcoal reports from the Late Palaeozoic deposits of the Southern Hemisphere are relatively rare in comparison to the Northern Hemisphere. Although the presence of pyrogenic coal macerals has repeatedly been reported from Late Palaeozoic coals from South America, no detailed anatomical investigations of such material have been published so far. Here is presented an anatomical analysis of charcoal originating from Early Permian sediments of the Quitéria Outcrop, Rio Bonito Formation, Paraná Basin, located in the central-eastern portion of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This charcoal comes from two different coaly facies, and it was possible to scrutinize between three types, based on anatomical characters of the charcoal. Two of these charcoal types can be correlated to gymnosperm woods, and the other type corresponds to strongly permineralized bark with characteristic features of lycopsids. The presence of charcoal in different facies, ranging from parautochtonous to allochtonous origin, indicates that different vegetation types, i.e. plants which grew under wet conditions in the lowland as well as in the more dry hinterland, have experienced wildfires. Taking into account previous petrographic and lithological analyses from the facies in which the charcoal occurs and from the conditions of the wood and bark fragments, it was possible to speculate that the intensity of such wildfires most probably corresponds to forest-crown fires. Moreover, it is possible to state that wildfires have been a more or less common element in distinct Late Palaeozoic terrestrial ecosystems in the South American part of Gondwana. The data support previous assumptions on the occurrence of wildfires in the Early Permian of the Paraná Basin which were based solely on coal-petrographic data.     

华南早寒武世黑色岩系重晶石矿床环带钡冰长石 新发现及其意义

华南早寒武世黑色岩系重晶石矿床是全球著名的沉积型层状矿床。本文报道了我们最近的一项新发现,在该区天柱大河边重晶石矿床中首次发现了环带钡冰长石,环带的外带BaO含量1653%～1786%,K2O含量777%～819%,相比而言,核部BaO含量1204%～1421%,K2O含量860%～979%。结合成矿地质背景和已有工作报道,讨论了这一新发现的地质意义。认为这种环带钡冰长石的出现,反映了重晶石成矿受到热水作用影响,且其形成过程中经历了不同期富钡流体的影响,成矿可能属于一种热水、断控、幕式、渐进的过程,这不仅进一步揭示了矿床的热水（液）喷流沉积成因,而且加深了对成矿过程的刻画。该认识还可供全球沉积型重晶石矿床成因研究时类比参考。     

基于SEM的可变形块体离散元法研究

针对边坡工程中岩土体连续-非连续渐进破坏的特点,提出一种新的变形体离散元方法（DEM）。与传统有限单元法（FEM）不同,弹簧元法（SEM）通过构建一组广义弹簧系统描述单元的力学行为。弹簧元法中的一个广义弹簧可以具有多个方向的刚度系数,确定广义弹簧系统的构造形式及其各刚度系数表达式是弹簧元法的核心。以三角形单元为例,介绍平面弹簧元的基本理论。对任何二维正交广义弹簧系统,通过定义广义弹簧变形与单元应变之间的关系,直接对比单元的应变能与弹簧系统的弹性势能即可得到广义弹簧刚度系数的表达形式。定义泊松刚度系数和纯剪刚度系数两个系统参数,描述正交广义弹簧之间的联系。对任意泊松比的材料,该方法都可准确地描述泊松效应的影响,计算结果与传统有限元法一致。该方法不需要求得有限元单元刚度矩阵的具体形式,具有直接方便、物理意义明确的优点,应用该方法给出任意4节点单元弹簧系统的构造形式及其各刚度系数的表达式。基于SEM的可变形块体离散元法,用弹簧元中的广义弹簧求解块体变形,用离散元中的接触弹簧计算块体间作用力,在单元节点的控制方程中实现弹簧元-离散元耦合计算,通过接触弹簧的状态实现材料由连续到非连续的破坏过程。在基于连续介质离散元法（CDEM）程序的基础上实现弹簧元-离散元耦合程序,应用耦合程序计算均质土坡在重力作用下的弹塑性变形和基覆边坡在重力作用下的破坏,初步证明该方法用于边坡变形渐进破坏分析的可行性。     

甘肃酒西盆地早白垩世两种Elatides化石微细构造

现已绝灭的古老松柏类植物似纵属Elatides在中生代北半球中高纬度植被组成研究上具有重要意义。甘肃酒西盆地早白垩世地层中发现了Elatides的营养枝和雌球果,并保存有较好的碳膜,对它们进行了详细的宏观形态和微细特征研究。根据营养枝、叶角质层、花粉、球果、苞鳞和种子的特征,鉴定这些化石为2个种：Elatides harrisii Chow和Elatides curvifolia (Dunker) Nathorst。其中：Elatides harrisii的突出特征是,花粉球形且具乳状小突起、表面光滑无纹饰,侧面观具褶皱;Elatides Curvifolia的显著特点为,着生于苞鳞腹面基部的种鳞先端三裂,具三枚胚珠。这些特征与现生杉木Cunninghamia非常相似,推论Elatides与现生Cunninghamia可能具有亲缘关系。通过对Elatides地质历史和地理分布的研究,发现该属的演化方向与中生代大陆漂移的方向具可比性,因而为板块构造学说提供了又一古生物学佐证。     

酒西盆地南缘旱峡早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

酒西盆地旱峡和红柳峡等地有基性火山岩产出,它们曾一度被认为是新生代构造运动的产物。旱峡火山岩作为夹层产于早白垩世新民堡群下沟组地层中,火山岩气孔、杏仁构造发育。局部发育枕状构造,具明显的水下喷发特征。旱峡火山岩SiO2相对较低,K2O+Na2O不高,但钾相对较高。稀土总量为(211．875～237．454)×10^-6,轻稀土富集,(La/Yb)N为12．47—13．79;稀土配分曲线右倾、平滑,Ce为弱的负有异常,无Eu异常。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图上,各元素均表现为相对富集,大离子亲石元素富集程度最高．有Nb,Ta槽,但相对于原始地幔不亏损;曲线表现为整体上隆的特征,表明其源区为富集地幔。旱峡火山岩与红柳峡粗玄质熔岩的稀土和微量元素的配分模式几乎完全相同,表明它们同源同期：运用多个玄武岩大地构造环境判别图解,最终确定洒西盆地早白垩世火山岩形成于大陆拉张环境。这与酒西盆地及其周围地区(酒泉盆地群)下白垩统构造特征和盆地群热演化特征一致。对酒西盆地火山岩形成构造背景的研究,对于深化酒西盆地构造演化特征有较为重要的意义。