陕西岚皋地区早志留世滔河口组的厘定及其意义

陕西南部北大巴山地区早志留世滔河口组碱基性火山岩，分布层位稳定，岩性标志特征。根据火山岩岩石类型和地层学以及古生物组合特征对其岩石地层单位重新进行了厘定，研究了火山岩的成因，探讨了火山岩形成的机制和构造环境。     

Morphology,sedimentary infill and depositional environments of the Early Quaternary North Sea Basin (56°–62°N)

The North Sea Basin has been subsiding during the Quaternary and contains hundreds of metres of fill. Seismic surveys (170 000 km²) provide new evidence on Early Quaternary sedimentation, from about 2.75 Ma to around the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (0.78 Ma). We present an informal seismic stratigraphy for the Early Quaternary of the North Sea, and calculate sediment volumes for major units. Early Quaternary sediment thickness is > 1000 m in the northern basin and >700 m in the central basin (total about 40 000 km³). Northern North Sea basin-fill comprises several clinoform units, prograding westward over 60 000 km². Architecture of the central basin also comprises clinoforms, building from the southeast. To the west, an acoustically layered and mounded unit (Unit Z) was deposited. Remaining accommodation space was filled with fine-grained sediments of two Central Basin units. Above these units, an Upper Regional Unconformity-equivalent (URU) records a conformable surface with flat-lying units that indicate stronger direct glacial influence than on the sediments below. On the North Sea Plateau north of 59°N, the Upper Regional Unconformity (URU) is defined by a shift from westward to eastward dipping seismic reflectors, recording a major change in sedimentation, with the Shetland Platform becoming a significant source. A model of Early Quaternary sediment delivery to the North Sea shows sources from the Scandinavian ice sheet and major European rivers. Clinoforms prograding west in the northern North Sea Basin, representing glacigenic debris flows, indicate an ice sheet on the western Scandinavian margin. In the central basin, sediments are generally fine-grained, suggesting a distal fluvial or glacifluvial origin from European rivers. Ploughmarks also demonstrate that icebergs, derived from an ice sheet to the north, drifted into the central North Sea Basin. By contrast, sediments and glacial landforms above the URU provide evidence for the later presence of a grounded ice sheet.     

Dose of truth—Monitoring marine non-indigenous species to serve legislative requirements

Non-indigenous species (NIS) are recognized as a global threat to biodiversity and monitoring their presence and impacts is considered a prerequisite for marine environmental management and sustainable development. However, monitoring for NIS seldom takes place except for a few baseline surveys. With the goal of serving the requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the EU Regulation on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, the paper highlights the importance of early detection of NIS in dispersal hubs for a rapid management response, and of long-term monitoring for tracking the effects of NIS within recipient ecosystems, including coastal systems especially vulnerable to introductions. The conceptual framework also demonstrates the need for port monitoring, which should serve the above mentioned requirements but also provide the required information for implementation of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments. Large scale monitoring of native, cryptogenic and NIS in natural and man-made habitats will collectively lead to meeting international requirements. Cost-efficient rapid assessments of target species may provide timely information for managers and policy-advisers focusing on particular NIS at particular localities, but this cannot replace long-term monitoring. To support legislative requirements, collected data should be verified and stored in a publicly accessible and routinely updated database/information system. Public involvement should be encouraged as part of monitoring programs where feasible.     

下扬子陆域下寒武统烃源岩特征及其对南黄海油气勘探的借鉴

早寒武世下扬子陆块与华夏陆块均向北漂移并拼合成南方古陆,发生褶皱隆升,但对下扬子陆块北部(现今下扬子地区)影响不大,总体处于浅海台地相。因为早寒武世早期受上升流等因素的影响,下扬子地区早寒武世有机质来源丰富,在缺氧还原的沉积环境形成了优质烃源岩。下扬子地区下寒武统烃源岩呈NE向展布,受"一台两盆"构造格局影响存在2个沉积中心:一个在安吉—休宁深水陆棚区,厚度100~300 m;另一个在泰州—盐城深水陆棚区,厚度50~150 m。海侵主要来自东北方向,烃源岩向东北方向减薄。从陆域烃源岩厚度分布趋势看,南黄海盆地烃源岩厚度应在50~200 m之间。中生代南方古陆与华北陆块拼合形成中国大陆时,对下扬子古生代形成的油气藏产生了严重的破坏。台缘相烃源岩厚度大、埋深大、生烃早,生成的油气藏在中生代南北陆拼贴期遭到破坏,是现今古油藏的烃源供给者。我们推测南黄海下寒武统为台地相沉积,埋藏相对较浅,热演化程度相对较低,大部分烃源岩可能在燕山中—晚期发生过二次生烃,有利于常规油气藏的保存。     

加州鲈鱼的繁殖习性,早期胚胎发育以及孵化与水温的关系

作者对加州鲈鱼繁殖习性及早期胚胎发育进行了阐述,对受精卵孵化与水温的关系进行了研究。结果表明:加州鲈鱼2龄即达性成熟,3—6月繁殖产卵,水温20℃—24℃时达产卵盛期;雄鱼具有筑巢护卵及护苗等生殖习性;水温17.4℃—19.5℃,平均18.3℃时,受精卵孵化时数为74小时25分钟;在实验温度范围内,孵化时数与水温负相关,而与有效积温正相关。有效积温与平均水温负相关。     

Experimental evidence for an effect of early-diagenetic interaction between labile and refractory marine sedimentary organic matter on nitrogen dynamics

In most natural sedimentary systems labile and refractory organic material (OM) occur concomitantly. Little, however, is known on how different kinds of OM interact and how such interactions affect early diagenesis in sediments. In a simple sediment experiment, we investigated how interactions of OM substrates of different degradability affect benthic nitrogen (N) dynamics. Temporal evolution of a set of selected biogeochemical parameters was monitored in sandy sediment over 116 days in three experimental set-ups spiked with labile OM (tissue of Mytilus edulis), refractory OM (mostly aged Zostera marina and macroalgae), and a 1:1 mixture of labile and refractory OM. The initial amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC) were identical in the three set-ups. To check for non-linear interactions between labile and refractory OM, the evolution of the mixture system was compared with the evolution of the simple sum of the labile and refractory systems, divided by two. The sum system is the experimental control where labile and refractory OM are virtually combined but not allowed to interact. During the first 30 days there was evidence for net dissolved-inorganic-nitrogen (DIN) production followed by net DIN consumption. (Here ‘DIN’ is the sum of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate.) After  30 days a quasi steady state was reached. Non-linear interactions between the two types of OM were reflected by three main differences between the early-diagenetic evolutions of nitrogen dynamics of the mixture and sum (control) systems: (1) In the mixture system the phases of net DIN production and consumption commenced more rapidly and were more intense. (2) The mixture system was shifted towards a more oxidised state of DIN products [as indicated by increased (nitrite + nitrate)/(ammonium) ratios]. (3) There was some evidence that more OM, POC and particulate nitrogen were preserved in the mixture system. That is, in the mixture system more particulate OM was preserved while a higher proportion of the decomposed particulate N was converted into inorganic N. It can be concluded that during the first days and weeks of early diagenesis the magnitude and composition of the flux of decompositional dissolved N-compounds from sediments into the overlying water was influenced by non-linear interactions of OM substrates of different degradability. Given these experimental results it is likely that the relative spatial distributions of OM of differing degradability in sediments control the magnitude and composition of the return flux of dissolved N-bearing compounds from sediments into the overlying water column.     

西天山特克斯达坂库勒萨依序列埃达克岩的确立及钼找矿意义

库勒萨依序列斑岩体δ平均3.05,属于钙碱性系列岛弧浅成岩。 SiO₂含量为57.06％~70.74％,高Al₂O₃、Na₂O、Sr和相对富集LREE,低MgO、Y、Yb,强烈亏损HREE。Na₂O/K₂O＞1,Sr/Y平均57.67,正Eu异常,因而具有典型O型埃达克岩特征。库勒萨依序列斑岩体与Mo异常套合好,已发现钼矿体,找矿前景良好。该埃达克岩的确立,对深化西天山区域成矿规律和指导今后找矿具有借鉴和指导意义。     

Palynological dating of infra- and intertrappean sediments in the Mesozoic succession of Borehole PGD-6, Domra Sub-basin, West Bengal, India

Palynofloras have been examined from infra- and intertrappean sediments of the Panchet and Rajmahal Formations in the Domra Sub-basin of the Damodar Basin, West Bengal, India. Three distinct palynological assemblages are identified and referred to the following palynozones: (i)Lundbladispora–Verrucosisporites(506.60–505.00 m, late Early Triassic, (ii)Murospora florida(501.65–422.20 m. Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian), and (iii)Cicatricosisporites australiensis(342.00–229.6 m. Early Cretaceous, Tithonian–Berriasian). The first occurrences ofCallialasporites turbatusandC. dampieriare at 501.65 m.Callialasporitesis a dominant element of the succeeding assemblages from the Panchet Formation and indicates a Jurassic age. The FAD ofCicatricosisporites australiensisandC. augustusat 342.00 m, and inconsistent occurrences ofAequitriradites spinulosus,Crybelosporites stylosusin the overlying sediments indicate Jurassic–Cretaceous transition.     

青海格尔木哈希牙地区中基性岩墙群地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

位于东昆仑造山带上的东昆北哈希牙地区发育中基性岩墙群。其岩性主要为辉绿岩、闪斜煌斑岩和闪长玢岩,地球化学数据显示其具有高钾钙碱性玄武岩系列特征。轻、重稀土元素存在较高程度分馏,LREE/HREE值为4.72~8.66,平均值为6.57。δEu值介于0.81~0.98之间,平均值为0.91,显示出微弱的负Eu异常,表明斜长石的分离结晶作用不明显,富集Rb、Ba、Pb、K等大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf等地球化学特征,主体显示板内玄武岩特征,但有来自俯冲带的部分信息。采用LA-ICP-MS技术对锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素测定,结果显示锆石年龄较为分散,其中8颗岩浆锆石给出的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为411.5±7.5Ma,代表了格尔木哈希牙地区辉绿岩墙的结晶年龄,反映东昆北地块于晚志留世—早泥盆世已由地体碰撞的挤压状态转为碰撞后伸展状态,标志着该地区加里东期构造旋回的结束。