桂东早古生代地层碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学及其对华夏陆块加里东期构造事件性质的约束

对广西东部大瑶山-大明山地区分别位于早古生代不整合面之下和之上的寒武纪和泥盆纪地层进行了系统的碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究.除少数为早太古宙锆石外, 寒武纪地层碎屑锆石的年龄主要有2.7~2.6、~1.8、1.4~1.1和~1.0Ga四组峰值及分别为250Ma和105Ma的热液改造年龄记录; 泥盆纪地层碎屑锆石除少数具有古太古代年龄外, 其余主要形成于~1.7和~1.0Ga, 并记录了强烈的~100Ma的热改造事件.这些特征表明, 研究区具有华夏陆块的属性, 扬子与华夏陆块的边界应位于该区西北以远; 经加里东构造事件后, 研究区沉积盆地的物源区发生了改变, 因而加里东期岩浆作用在本区并没有显示.结合前人研究成果分析, 加里东事件可能指示了已裂开古陆块与华夏陆块间发生的斜向碰撞, 而大瑶山-大明山地区为沿垂直于该碰撞方向挤压形成的被动盆地.区域地层中部分碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素组成的重置和热液锆石的形成, 反映了研究区在印支期和燕山期存在大规模流体参与的热改造事件, 这些热液对流作用应是导致本地区乃至整个华南褶皱带陆缘Au-Cu多金属矿带形成的重要原因之一.      

松科二井早白垩世早期玄武安山岩的发现及地质意义

松科二井超深钻探获取了松辽盆地连续沉积-火山岩心,为系统研究中生代松辽盆地形成机制、揭示中国东北地区构造演化历史提供了极好的研究材料。本文对取自松科二井井深-6035~-6084m的玄武安山岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素分析测试。研究结果表明,松科二井玄武安山岩隶属于火石岭组底部,其形成时代为早白垩世早期（141.6±1.4Ma）。玄武安山岩样品富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有弧岩浆的地球化学特征。这些样品显示了一定程度的轻重稀土元素分异（（La/Yb）_N=8.40~11.88）,具有轻微亏损的Sr-Nd同位素特征（（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.70496~0.70478,ε_Nd（t）=1.05~1.61）,表明它们很可能源自于岩石圈地幔。早白垩世时期中国东北地区主要受控于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的南向俯冲和东侧古太平洋俯冲过程,目前研究揭示了前者影响了同期的大兴安岭地区的火山活动,但其影响范围是否延伸至松辽盆地内部尚不清楚。古太平洋岩石圈开始俯冲后很可能诱发了松辽盆地西侧晚中生代火山岩的形成。早白垩世松辽盆地演化主要受蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋还是古太平洋板块的活动影响仍存在较多争议。松科二井玄武安山岩具有与板内玄武岩相近的Th/Hf比值（1.10~2.87）及Zr/Y比值（10.1~18.7）,表明它们具有板内岩浆的地球化学特征,且松科二井样品比同时代盆地西部的大兴安岭地区玄武岩具有更高的Nb/Ta比值,更高的Zr、Hf与Ti含量,以及更亏损的Nd同位素特征,可能指示与大兴安岭地区玄武岩形成于不同的构造背景。松辽盆地内早白垩世火山岩很可能为古太平洋板片回转诱发形成,指示早白垩世古太平洋板片回转诱发的岩石圈伸展促进了松辽盆地的形成。

     

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的古地理意义

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期经历了一次完整的海水进退旋回。此期该区腕足动物的演化明显受控于相对海平面变化。生存环境的稳定性似乎是群落演替过程能否持久进行的基础。在影响生物群落演替的诸多因素中,底质性质及其稳定性最为重要,其次是食物供应、海水盐度和水动力强度等。各群落在时间上相互取代的主要控制因素是海水深度,与海平面的变化直接相关。而造成这一时期腕足动物群落横向变化的主要因素除了海水深度外,陆源碎屑供应量、海水循环性以及含盐度都具有十分重要的影响。本区早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的生态位介于BA1和BA2之间,缺乏BA3－BA5较深水群落（BA－Benthic Assemblage,底栖组合）,说明此期该区早石炭世早期海水深度一般不超过10米。受沉积古地理环境的制约,本区早石炭世早期BA2生态域的主要分布范围局限于东部的景泰一带,向西水体明显变浅。     

丹东地区中生代地层-古生物

丹东地区小岭组植物化石共9属12种。动物化石腹足类4属6种,叶肢介1属2种。均为首次发现。这些化石的发现为小岭组应属早白垩世而不属侏罗纪,提出了令人信服的证据。同时,阐述了古地理环境和地层特征,并与邻区进行了对比。     

Kema terrane: A fragment of a back-arc basin of the early Cretaceous Moneron–Samarga island-arc system, East Sikhote–Alin range, Russian Far East

Abstract The Kema terrane is a suite of Barremian(?)–Aptian to Albian volcano-sedimentary rocks of Sikhote–Alin that are interpreted as deposits of the back-arc basin of the Moneron–Samarga island-arc system. Compositional features of the different-type deposits indicate a near-slope depositional environment influenced by volcanic processes. Studies of slump fold orientation testify to the accumulation of material from southeast to northwest by gravitational sliding. Compositional characteristics of terrigenous rocks suggest the major provenance for detrital material was an ensialic volcanic island arc. Petrochemical characteristics of basaltic rocks indicate that the formations studied were confined to the back part of the arc.     

Evidence of glaucophane-schist facies metamorphism in the East Karkonosze complex,West Sudetes,Poland

In the East Karkonosze complex (Karkonosze = Riesengebirge), which occurs at the northern margin of the Bohemian massif, rocks of the glaucophane-schist facies and transitions between the glaucophane-schist facies, greenschist facies and epidote-amphibolite facies are present. They belong to the Leszczyniec Volcanic Formation (LVF) of Cambrian/Ordovician age and to the mainly metasedimentary Czarnów Schist Formation (CSF) of Ordovician/Silurian age. Similar high-pressure, low-temperature rocks occur in the southern Karkonosze and in the Kaczawa Mountains within metavolcanic formations of approximately the same age. Petrographic and electron probe studies show complex relationships between minerals including chemical zoning. In the East Karkonosze three stages of metamorphism pre-dating contact metamorphism by late Variscan (lowermost Upper Carboniferous) granite intrusion were distinguished [stage 1: ocean floor, amphibolite facies (observed only in part of the LVF); stage 2: high-pressure, low-temperature, variably glaucophane-schist facies, high-pressure greenschist facies and epidote-amphibolite facies; stage 3: medium-pressure greenschist facies accompanied by strong deformations]. Glaucophane-schist facies rocks formed in stage 2 survived the later stages of metamorphism only in the southern part of East Karkonosze, i. e. in Lasocki Range and Rýchory. Using the Maruyama et al. (1986) geobarometer the glaucophane-bearing rocks formed at 6.5–7 Kb, those with crossite at 5–6 Kb and rocks with magnesioriebeckite/riebeckite at 4–5 Kb. Other estimates for glaucophane-bearing rocks give somewhat higher values of pressure, i. e. 7–12 Kb at temperatures between 300 and 530°C. The highest temperatures are recorded in the glaucophane- and garnet-bearing rocks. Stilpnomelane may occur in all of these rocks. The subduction/obduction episode responsible for this high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphism is considered to have taken place in the early Variscan, although no geochronology is yet available to confirm this.     

Numerical simulations of very large impacts on the Earth

Vertical impacts on the Earth of asteroids 500-3000 km in diameter at 15 km/s have been numerically modelled using the hydrodynamic SOVA code. This code has been modified for the spherical system of coordinates well suited for simulations of very large impacts when the entire Earth is involved in motion. The simulations include cratering process, upward motion of deep mantle layers, fall of ejecta on the Earth, escape of matter to space, and formation of rock vapour atmospheres. The calculations were made for the period preceding disappearance of rock vapour atmospheres caused by radiation several years after the largest impacts. For very large vertical impacts at 15 km/s, escaping masses proved to be negligibly small. Quantities of kinetic, internal, potential, and radiated away energies are obtained as functions of time and space. After the impacts, a global layer of condensed ejecta covers the whole of the Earth's surface and the ejecta energy is sufficient to vaporise an ocean 3 km deep. The mass of rock vapour atmosphere is 10-23% of the impactor mass. This atmosphere has a greater mass than the water atmosphere if impactor is 2000 km in diameter or larger.     

塔里木巴什托油气田巴楚组顶部油气层录井特征分析

详细分析了巴什托油气田BK2、BK3H、BK4H以及BK5H等6口井的地质录井资料,显示巴楚组顶部油气层自上而下见到的含油气级别一般为油斑、油迹、气测异常等,上好下差,油气主要集中于顶部油气层之顶上,反映出油气向上运移储集比较好。巴楚组及以上地层纵、横向上的稳定性较好,深度、厚度均变化不大,且以M4井为中心向各方向均呈现增厚—减薄有规律的交替变化。巴什托油气田巴楚组油藏具有较好的开采价值,但还应不断钻探寻找新的含油气构造,发现新的油气田。     

辽南早元古宙变质热液型金矿床成矿机理探讨

辽南早元古宙辽河群变质岩系中的金矿床为变质热液成因金矿床,矿床的形成与吕梁期变质变形作用关系密切。金矿化带的展布与金矿体的产出受韧性剪切带控制。剪切带内岩石具有明显的动态性组构特征,直接赋矿围岩为辽河群盖县组糜棱岩化千枚岩、变砂岩及云母石英糜棱岩等。韧性剪切带为含矿流体的运移提供通道。作者定义这类金矿床为变质热液型含金剪切带金矿床。     

内蒙古苏左旗南部早古生代蛇绿混杂岩特征及其构造意义

内蒙古苏左旗南部温都尔庙群由早元古代宝音图群(1910Ma),中、新元古代温都尔庙群(1511Ma,825Ma)和早古生代乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉蛇绿混杂岩(409Ma)组成。出露于乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉地区的乌勒图蛇绿混杂岩是由层位不全的,肢解了的蛇绿岩经构造混杂而成。其基质主要为绢云绿泥石英片岩、变质凝灰质砂岩,局部为绿泥片岩。岩块成分复杂,大小不一,形态各异,杂乱分布,主要岩石类型为白云岩、硅质岩、超基性岩、基性火山岩、灰岩。蛇绿混杂岩岩石化学分析表明,超基性岩MgO/FeO*比值在8-13,MgO/(MgO+ FeO*)比值在0.85-0.87 之间,与世界大多数变质橄榄岩相同。基性火山岩具大洋拉斑玄武岩特征,常量元素和稀土元素显示陆间洋盆性质。蛇绿混杂岩被晚泥盆世色日巴彦敖包组地层不整合覆盖,前者所含超基性岩块Sm-Nd 同位素等时线年龄为409Ma,表明其形成于中、晚志留世,于晚泥盆世前发生构造侵位。