2003-2017年北京市地表热力景观时空分异特征及演变规律

利用2003-2017年MODIS地表温度数据,分别从数量、形状和结构角度揭示北京市不同季相和昼夜间地表热力景观时空分异特征,并进一步通过热力等级变化图谱及质心迁移轨迹揭示城市热力景观空间演变规律,探究热力景观等级转换生态过程。结论如下：① 城市地表热力景观季节和昼夜空间特征差异显著;② 中温区在城市热环境中占主导地位。白天中温区是最不稳定的热力景观等级;夜间次低温区和次高温区不稳定性增加;③ 地表热力景观等级变化以稳定型占主,反复变化型和前期变化型次之。地表热力景观等级通常呈现逐级递增或递减规律,山区呈现逐级降温趋势,北部城郊—山地交错地带表现出次低温和中温的反复转向,南部地区有一定的升温趋势;④ 2003-2017年高温区面积增大且质心向城市中心集中,低温区质心向城市外围扩散。生态涵养发展区对北京市地表热力景观质心迁移贡献率最高。热力景观时空分异特征及演变规律可为有效缓解城市热岛效应提供管理决策支持。     

高质量增长背景下海洋经济发展的时空协调模式研究——基于环渤海地区地级市的实证

海洋经济协调发展是科学评价区域海洋经济发展质量的重要依据。遵循城市与海洋经济协同的发展理念,构建环渤海城市海洋经济发展时空协调度评价体系,运用复杂系统时空协调度评价模型,计算并分析2008~2016年环渤海城市海洋经济发展时空协调度,通过SaTScan软件分析其时空聚类区。研究结果显示：①海洋经济各系统发展水平中,社会系统呈大幅度分散上升趋势,经济系统、生态系统与综合系统呈小幅度集中与分散交替上升趋势;协调等级时序变化稳定型城市主要是大连、潍坊、青岛、烟台、威海。②协调度时空聚类区既有空间分异又有重叠交集,社会系统、综合系统、经济系统聚类区依次相互覆盖,生态系统与其它三系统既有重叠区也有独立区。③聚类区内部,社会系统最为稳定,综合系统、经济系统次之,生态系统最为薄弱。     

急性高温胁迫对虹鳟二倍体和三倍体幼鱼hsps基因表达的影响

本文以二倍体和三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼为实验对象,探究急性高温胁迫下,不同倍性虹鳟热休克蛋白家族(hsps)基因表达水平。选取二倍体和三倍体虹鳟幼鱼,分别进行常温处理(14℃)和高温胁迫(22℃),并在高温胁迫48h后,将虹鳟置于常温(14℃)恢复48h。分别在实验开始的0,12,24,48,72和96h进行取样,测定实验虹鳟肝脏和肌肉组织中的hsp70s(hsp70a,hsp70b),hsp90s (hsp90a1a,hsp90a2a,hsp90a1b,hsp90a2a,hsp90b1,hsp90b2)mRNA水平。结果表明:hsp70s和hsp90s的各个亚型均能对热胁迫做出反应,并具有应答幅度的组织特异性和时间特异性。在胁迫6和24h后,上述基因mRNA水平达到最高,随后降低。三倍体幼鱼肝脏和肌肉hsps mRNA表达水平的峰值显著高于二倍体幼鱼。研究结果显示,三倍体虹鳟对高温环境更为敏感,需要消耗更多的能量用于适应高温环境。     

River centerline extraction using the multiple direction integration algorithm for mixed and pure water pixels

The river centerline is a basic hydrological characteristic. Most prior studies have used remote sensing data to extract the river centerline from the open water region in a pure water pixel region. Extracting this type of river is relatively easy. However, extracting the centerline of a micro-river, which is mainly composed of mixed water pixels, is challenging. This paper presents a novel method, called the Multiple Direction Integration Algorithm (MDIA), to extract the river centerline using an image-enhancing method combined with river morphology. MDIA can be applied to regions mainly composed of pure water pixels, as well as to regions consisting of mixed water pixels in the index image. The method first calculates the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhances the river linear structure using a Hessian matrix. Second, a small window is constructed as a circular structural element. In the window region, the local threshold is automatically obtained using water-oriented clustering segmentation and prior river knowledge to judge the pixel type. After completing the river centerline extraction in the current window, the next detecting window is generated to continue judgment. The structural element automatically executes river centerline judgment until the entire river centerline is extracted. The Landsat 8 images of six regions with different geomorphologies were chosen to analyze the method’s performance. The test sites include high mountain region, low mountain region, plains region with farmland and a residential region. The experimental results show that the optimal threshold of the processing results ranged from 0.2 to 0.3. In this range, the user’s accuracy is 0.813 to 0.997, and the producer’s accuracy is 0.981 to 1. The MDIA effectively and correctly extracts the river network in mixed-pixel regions. The presented method provides an effective algorithm for river centerline extraction that can be used to expand and update river datasets and provide reliable river centerline data for relevant hydrology studies.     

融合罗德里格矩阵和整体最小二乘的双目机器人手眼标定算法

针对传统双目式机器人手眼标定方法中未知量多、计算复杂的特点,研究并提出了一种基于罗德里格矩阵和整体最小二乘相融合的改进算法。其中罗德里格矩阵实现了对未知量的降维;整体最小二乘顾及了系数矩阵的误差。通过大量数据分析表明,改进后的手眼标定算法较传统方法在稳定性和精度上均有大幅提高,满足了机器人视觉系统在工业检测和制造领域中的高精度需求。     

基于WSR框架的《开发区土地集约利用评价规程》指标体系分析

旨在剖析我国《开发区土地集约利用评价规程》中指标体系存在的问题并提出改进建议。在界定开发区土地集约利用内涵基础上,从要素特征(W维)、利用目标(R维)和评价过程(S维)等3个维度阐述了开发区土地集约利用评价的系统要求,构建关联分析矩阵,对《规程》中评价指标体系的特征差异化、层次完整性和目标关联性等3个方面进行了分析讨论。针对当前《规程》中存在的评价对象混杂、开发区类型需要细化、指标体系不完整、计算方法需修正等问题提出了相应修改建议。     

Spatial-temporal characterization of the San Andreas Fault by fault-zone trapped waves at seismic experiment site,Parkfield, California

In this article, we review our previous research for spatial and temporal characterizations of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) at Parkfield, using the fault-zone trapped wave (FZTW) since the middle 1980s. Parkfield, California has been taken as a scientific seismic experimental site in the USA since the 1970s, and the SAF is the target fault to investigate earthquake physics and forecasting. More than ten types of field experiments (including seismic, geophysical, geochemical, geodetic and so on) have been carried out at this experimental site since then. In the fall of 2003, a pair of scientific wells were drilled at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site; the main-hole (MH) passed a ～200-m-wide low-velocity zone (LVZ) with highly fractured rocks of the SAF at a depth of ～3.2 km below the wellhead on the ground level (Hickman et al., 2005; Zoback, 2007; Lockner et al., 2011). Borehole seismographs were installed in the SAFOD MH in 2004, which were located within the LVZ of the fault at ～3-km depth to probe the internal structure and physical properties of the SAF. On September 282004, a M6 earthquake occurred ～15 km southeast of the town of Parkfield. The data recorded in the field experiments before and after the 2004 M6 earthquake provided a unique opportunity to monitor the co-mainshock damage and post-seismic heal of the SAF associated with this strong earthquake. This retrospective review of the results from a sequence of our previous experiments at the Parkfield SAF, California, will be valuable for other researchers who are carrying out seismic experiments at the active faults to develop the community seismic wave velocity models, the fault models and the earthquake forecasting models in global seismogenic regions.     

基于MATLAB的基本矩阵随机采样鲁棒估计

基本矩阵的估算可以分为线性算法、非线性优化迭代算法、鲁棒估计算法三大类,而以鲁棒估计效率、效果最为突出,但是实现比较复杂。本文通过数码相机获取的两张未标定照片,采样互相关系数法和RANSAC算法,在MATLAB中实现了基本矩阵的自动拟合,实验表明拟合精度较高、速度快,为下一步三维场景的自动重建和量测奠定了基础。     

面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法与实证研究

采用阈值法和k-近邻法度量空间上离散点间的空间邻接关系,针对不同的距离计算方式(欧式距离和曼哈顿距离)设计了面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法,使用C#语言在计算机上实现。用该算法对收集的8 367个常州市地价样点构建了不同土地用途地价样点的空间权重矩阵,并计算出分用途的常州市城市地价空间自相关指数。     

应用分块矩阵求逆解算约束秩亏间接平差模型

在通常的四分块矩阵求广义逆矩阵和凯利逆矩阵公式基础上,分析左上角子矩阵为秩亏、右下角子矩阵为零的特殊四分块矩阵的凯利逆矩阵存在条件,应用广义逆矩阵法和矩阵变换法推导该类特殊四分块矩阵的凯利逆矩阵显性表达公式,并用于解算约束秩亏间接平差模型的参数估计.实验数据表明,当满足存在性条件时,应用分块矩阵求逆公式解算约束秩亏间接...