模拟月壤研究进展及CUG-1A模拟月壤

利用我国东北部吉林省辉南县新生代火山岩为初始原料,初步研制了模拟月壤CUG-1A.在研究CUG-1A的化学性质的同时,重点研究了其物理力学性质.数据分析表明,CUG-1A与Apollo14采样点的月壤样品有着相似的化学成分、矿物组成和物理力学性质,是一种理想的低钛型月海月壤的模拟样品.     

聊古-1井水氡映震能力研究

分析了聊古－１井水氡测值在１９８１年１１月９日宁晋Ｍs５．８地震（△＝１５０Ｋｍ ）前和１９８３年１１月７日荷泽Ｍｓ５．９地震（△＝１５０Ｋｍ）前的异常变化。在地震前５～１５天该井水氡出现明显的高值异常。地震发生在五降的过程中。这可能是该井水氡的一项短临异常指标。     

丁二酸柱撑水滑石的制备及表征

以镍铝水滑石为前体（主体）,以蒸馏水为分散介质,用离子交换法组装丁二酸根（客体）插层水滑石,同时用一步合成法合成丁二酸根插层水滑石,并用XRD,IR,TG-DTA和元素分析等手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,离子交换法制得的产品中丁二酸根阴离子取代了镍铝水滑石前体层间的碳酸根离子,组装得到晶体结构良好的丁二酸根插层水滑石,层间距为1．23nm。     

钻孔倾斜仪监测在塘角村1^#滑坡预警监测中的作用

塘角村1^#滑坡是三峡库区地质灾害防治监测预警工程Ⅲ期专业监测点。监测方法为滑体深部位移监测、地表位移监测,同时开展地表宏观变形调查。2007年4月滑坡开始出现变形;其中滑体深部位移由钻孔倾斜仪监测,最早发现滑体变形,随后地表位移GPS监测滑体出现变形,同时滑体地表出现裂缝,滑体局部产生溜滑现象;文章通过滑体深部位移实测监测数据纵向分析,结合与其它监测方法（GPS）监测数据进行横向对比分析印证,判断钻孔倾斜仪监测数据的有效性、准确性;阐述钻孔倾斜仪监测在塘角村1号滑坡预警监测中的重要作用。     

Certified Reference Materials of Copper, Lead and Zinc (Silver) Ore Rocks and Their Concentrates (GSO 1-7)

Sulfide mineral certified reference materials GSO 1-7, recently prepared by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (IGGE), were analysed by twelve laboratories. Various reliable analytical methods based on different principles were adopted and classical chemical methods were taken as the primary analytical methods, by which 5729 determinations were carried out, 1425 average data were obtained, and twenty one to twenty seven elements and components were certified.     

南海西沙西科1井层序地层格架与礁生长单元特征

碳酸盐岩礁滩体系是南海海域重要的油气储层之一.南海西沙岛屿全取心的科学钻井——西科1井, 为南海碳酸盐岩礁滩体系的详细研究提供极好的条件.通过西科1井岩心的宏观描述及微观分析, 结合高分辨岩心扫描及大量分析测试结果, 对碳酸盐岩礁滩体系展开了精细研究.根据识别出的6个暴露面、2个淹没面, 将西科1井中中新世以来划分为9个三级层序.其中晚中新世黄流组和第四系乐东组为主要成礁期, 以海泛面和暴露面为标志, 将礁体归纳为淹没型生长单元和暴露型生长单元两大类, 暴露型又进一步细分为硬基底和软基底两类, 淹没型可细分为快速淹没和缓慢淹没两类.垂向上形成了极具特色的礁体组合, 即慢步礁(或淹没礁)、同步礁(加积礁)、快步礁(暴露礁).研究成果对于南海生物礁生长过程及碳酸盐岩礁滩储层勘探具有重要参考价值.      

Absolute Calibration of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 Using GPS Buoys in Bass Strait, Australia

An absolute calibration of the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 altimeters has been undertaken during the dedicated calibration phase of the Jason-1 mission, in Bass Strait, Australia. The present study incorporates several improvements to the earlier calibration methodology used for Bass Strait, namely the use of GPS buoys and the determination of absolute bias in a purely geometrical sense, without the necessity of estimating a marine geoid. This article focuses on technical issues surrounding the GPS buoy methodology for use in altimeter calibration studies. We present absolute bias estimates computed solely from the GPS buoy deployments and derive formal uncertainty estimates for bias calculation from a single overflight at the 40-45 mm level. Estimates of the absolute bias derived from the GPS buoys is -10 ± 19 mm for T/P and +147 ± 21 mm for Jason-1 (MOE orbit) and +131 ± 21 mm for Jason-1 (GPS orbit). Considering the estimated error budget, our bias values are equivalent to other determinations from the dedicated NASA and CNES calibration sites.     

佳木斯隆起带乌拉嘎断裂西缘 1:5万水系沉积物测量方法研究

前人研究成果表明,有机质吸附作用使样品中的元素产生一定的富集,这种影响随着有机质含量增加而越加强烈,将掩盖元素真实含量的起伏,造成假异常.通过对佳木斯隆起带乌拉嘎断裂西缘水系沉积物样品的分配及有机质含量特征、主要成矿元素的表生地球化学分布特征的研究,认为野外截取-10～+60目粒级段作为采样介质,可完全满足工作需要,获得真实可靠的地球化学异常,取得较好的地质找矿效果.     

Sign-constrained robust least squares, subjective breakdown point and the effect of weights of observations on robustness

The findings of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) We propose a sign-constrained robust estimation method, which can tolerate 50% of data contamination and meanwhile achieve high, least-squares-comparable efficiency. Since the objective function is identical with least squares, the method may also be called sign-constrained robust least squares. An iterative version of the method has been implemented and shown to be capable of resisting against more than 50% of contamination. As a by-product, a robust estimate of scale parameter can also be obtained. Unlike the least median of squares method and repeated medians, which use a least possible number of data to derive the solution, the sign-constrained robust least squares method attempts to employ a maximum possible number of good data to derive the robust solution, and thus will not be affected by partial near multi-collinearity among part of the data or if some of the data are clustered together; (2) although M-estimates have been reported to have a breakdown point of 1/(t+1), we have shown that the weights of observations can readily deteriorate such results and bring the breakdown point of M-estimates of Huber’s type to zero. The same zero breakdown point of the L ₁-norm method is also derived, again due to the weights of observations; (3) by assuming a prior distribution for the signs of outliers, we have developed the concept of subjective breakdown point, which may be thought of as an extension of stochastic breakdown by Donoho and Huber but can be important in explaining real-life problems in Earth Sciences and image reconstruction; and finally, (4) We have shown that the least median of squares method can still break down with a single outlier, even if no highly concentrated good data nor highly concentrated outliers exist. An erratum to this article is available at .     

碳酸盐岩中烃源的识别—以西藏措勤盆地碳酸盐岩为例

碳酸盐岩既可作为烃源岩，也可作为储集岩存在。因此，除直接发现液态石油和气苗外，在野外和室内碳酸盐岩含油的识别都较困难。确定碳酸盐岩中含有的烃类是原生的，还是它处运移充填而来的，这在勘探实践中具有不同的指导意义，本文阐述了用岩石热解分析技术判别碳酸盐岩中烃源的方法。提出了碳酸盐岩含油判别指数P、岩石热解烃最高温度Tmax和岩石中游离烃S1含量等判别碳酸盐岩是否含运移烃的指标。用此方法研究了西藏措勤盆地碳酸盐岩含油显示，发现强龙松纳背斜在1805剖面下白垩统郎山组1段（K1l^1)碳酸盐岩曾有油气运移过程存在。同时用其它方法证明了岩石热解技术对碳酸盐岩含运移烃的识别是可靠的。