Propagation of hotspot volcanism driven flexure in oceanic crust – 85°E Ridge case study

The study focuses on the flexural down-warping of oceanic crust related to the Early Cretaceous hotspot volcanic chain in offshore East India, drawing from robust reflection seismic coverage of the 85°E Ridge and associated moats and arches. Seismic data image three moat-filling units including the basal pelagic, landslide and ponded units, representing the sedimentary record preceding, coeval and postponing flexure. Their stacking patterns allow one to understand the flexural history of the oceanic crust reacting to the volcanic load, in space and time. The flexural history of the oceanic crust can be divided into four stages. The first stage is the brittle faulting-assisted flexure reacting to the appearance of the load. It has a short wavelength and controls the development of moat undergoing deposition of the landslide unit. Then follows the long-wavelength flexure, when the arch starts to develop. The flexural arch formation prevents the landslide unit from covering it, while the moat keeps subsiding. The third flexure stage is a short-wavelength deformation when the moat and arch subside together. Accordingly, the syn-flexural landslide unit records an initial rapid and a later slower subsidence. The fourth flexure stage is characterized by the passive infill of moat by sediments of ponded unit, although limited isostatic adjustments can occur, accompanied by mass wasting.     

A freshwater species wintering in a brackish environment: Habitat selection and diet of Slavonian grebes in the southern Baltic Sea

After the breeding season, Slavonian grebes (Podiceps auritus) leave their freshwater breeding habitats and migrate to wintering grounds in marine or brackish waters. The most important wintering area in northwestern Europe is located in the southern Baltic Sea, with the largest concentrations in the offshore area of the Pommeranian Bight. Analysis of ship-based surveys revealed that the habitat selection of Slavonian grebes in this brackish area is significantly influenced by water depth and bottom sediment type. The grebes prefer shallow waters of 4–14 m depth and occur only over sandy sediments. While the diving depths of endothermic animals is limited due to energetic constraints and thermoregulation, sediment type is regarded to be a proxy for food choice. The diet of Slavonian grebes in the Pomeranian Bight consists mainly of demersal gobies (Gobiidae) that frequently occur over sandy bottom substrates.     

云纹石斑鱼与褐石斑鱼形态比较研究

对在分类上存在混乱的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)和褐石斑鱼(E.bruneus)的外部形态和骨骼系统进行了比较研究,结果表明:两种石斑鱼的体形和体表横带等外部形态特征非常相似,但体表斑纹不同;Fisher逐步判别法分析得出两者在可量性状,如体长/肛长、背鳍基底长/臀鳍基底长和头长/眼径,可数性状,如背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数和幽门盲囊数等方面的差异达到极显著水平(p<0.001);两者骨骼系统均由脑颅、咽颅、脊柱、肋骨和附肢骨骼组成,主轴和附肢骨骼的形态结构基本相同,但在脑颅的眶前骨和眶后骨、咽颅的前鳃盖骨和尾舌骨、附肢骨骼的髓棘间骨以及尾下骨与尾鳍鳍条连接方式等方面存在明显差异。上述形态与骨骼差异可作为两种石斑鱼种间分类的依据。研究结果确认云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼为两个不同的物种。     

Trophic network model of the Northern Adriatic Sea: Analysis of an exploited and eutrophic ecosystem

A quantitative model of the trophic network of Northern Adriatic Sea marine ecosystem during the 1990s has been constructed, with the goal of analysing its trophic structure, identifying the key trophic groups and assessing the anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem using the Ecopath modelling protocol. The Northern Adriatic Sea is an eutrophic, shallow basin, and one of the most heavily fished areas in the Mediterranean Sea. The network aggregation into discrete trophic levels sensu Lindeman shows that low trophic levels dominate biomass and energy flows, with 40% of the total system throughput flowing out from trophic level 2. Instead, upper trophic levels appear bottom-up controlled, highly depleted and not exerting any control on the trophic network, as shown by mixed trophic impact-based analyses. Microbial loop is comparable to grazing with respect to the magnitude of flows involved, as 66% of the trophic network flows originate from detritus, which is mainly consumed by bacteria. Key trophic groups are plankton groups, macro-crustaceans and detritus, and other r-selected organisms like squids and small pelagics, which have a great influence on the ecosystem. In particular, zooplankton acts as a bottleneck for energy flows, limiting the energy from the low trophic levels effectively reaching the upper food web. The high pelagic production caused by eutrophication sustains high fishery landings and impressive discard quantities, as well as the benthic compartment. Overall, the ecosystem appears quite productive and in a stressed and developmental status. Model results and comparisons with few existing historical data suggest that the low maturity and stressed state of the Northern Adriatic Sea are not only due to natural characteristics, but mainly to anthropogenic pressures.     

太阳活动11年周期与埃尔－尼诺现象形成的关系

本文利用本世纪以来所出现的埃尔－尼诺现象和太阳活动资料。分析了太阳活动１１年周期单周和双周内埃尔－尼诺现象的发生频数及其差异，并分析了单周和双周内埃尔－尼诺现象的形成与太阳活动１１年周期位相的关系，以期对埃尔－尼诺现象的预测提供太阳活动的背景．     

热带气旋对南海各海区影响程度的诊断

根据１９４９—１９９２年南海热带气旋资料，分为厄尔尼诺年和非厄尔尼诺年，将南海划分成４个海区，采用灰色聚类方法，找出特征值Ｎ。然后，用这Ｎ值诊断厄尔尼诺和非厄尔尼诺年在南海的热带气旋对４个海区的影响程度。     

杜氏藻与大肠杆菌跨界融合初探

以链霉蛋白酶制得了杜氏藻(嗜盐单胞绿藻)的原生质体。采用聚乙二醇(PEG)-钙离子法将它们与大肠杆菌(含氯霉素乙酰转移酶基因质粒)的球1,20,1状体进行融合。“融合子”酷似杜氏藻。它们对氯霉素抗性的显著提高寓示了大肠杆菌的质粒已转移到“融合子”细胞中;而且,“融合子”的蛋白质组分与杜氏藻和大肠杆菌相比已发生了较明显的变化。     

中国对虾(PENAEUS CHINENSIS)肝小管管壁细胞结构的研究

用透射电镜观察中国对虾肝小管。指出肝小管管壁由六种细胞（胚细胞、纤维细胞、疱状细胞、吸收细胞、侏儒细胞、肌上皮细胞）组成。描述六种细胞的超微结构，并根据各种细胞的结构特点，探讨其功能。     

维生素E对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长、存活及体成分的影响

于1997年5月在山东荣成石岛鲍珍品养殖场采集幼鲍，采用单因素试验方法进行幼鲍维生素E(VE）营养需要的研究。以酷蛋白和明胶为蛋白源，通过用不同浓度VE的饲料（E1－E7七个实验组），即在每100g饲料中分别添加0、5、10、20、50、100、200mgVE来饲喂幼鲍（平均体重为220－240mg)103天。结果表明，饲料中适量的VE具有促进幼鲍生长的作用；幼鲍软体部水分和脂肪含量不受饲料中VE添加水平的影响，然而饲料中VE添加水平显著影响软体部蛋白质含量；贝壳中灰分和钙、磷含量不受VE添加水平的影响。以增重和蛋白质增量为指标，皱纹盘鲍幼鲍饲料中VE的适宜含量为5－10mg/100g饲料。     

Trap‐based indicators of egg production following increases in minimum legal size in Homarus americanus fisheries

Minimum legal size (MLS) is an important conservation measure in trap fisheries for Homarus americanus. MLS has increased in several management areas in the Canadian Maritimes since 1987. A key conservation objective has been to increase egg production, with predictions of the effects of MLS increase based on egg‐per‐recruit models. We evaluated whether expectations of increases in ovigerous females (OF) were realised when MLS was increased. Data were examined from at‐sea samples of the commercial trap catch from 11 ports from 1986 to 2003. OF indicators were developed based on the OF catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) of different sizes, and on the percentage (PCT) of females that were ovigerous. Because there were within‐season increases in CPUE and PCT, annual indicators were based on regressions of CPUE on day in the season. There was considerable variability in all the time series of OF annual indicators and any effects of smaller MLS increases could not be detected. Increases in OF indicators were evident in areas that undertook the largest MLS increases (6–6.5 mm CL).