科学发展动力学模型与学术带头人培养

本文将物理学上力学系统的运行与科学发展进程对比，提出了科学发展的动力学模型，运用这一模型分析了国家地震局系统的学术带头人队伍现状及进一步发展应解决的问题。科学发展能力可近似为三种基本力。本文针对地震系统的具体情况，定量给出了三种力的作用方式，相应的动力学近似为三种基本力。本文针对地震系统的具体情况，定量给出了三种力的作用方式，相应的动力学模型，并就模型涉及的科学惯性问题、科学能力的有机构成问题，以及系统可控性问题、反馈问题等做了一此讨论，进而指出了如何加速系统、增大产出（科研成果等）、培养创造型人才及学科带头人的可能途径。     

水土流失区土地利用动态的遥感监测——以晋西三川河流域为例

本文以晋西三川河流域为试验区,利用不同时期的航空像片,采取集群抽样法,借助计算机建立信息数据库,并统计计算和辅助制图,进行土地资源动态监测,查清这一中型流域23年来土地利用动态变化情况及水土保持综合治理效益。     

The role of wavegroup velocity in the blocking problem

Considering the blocking problem as a baroclinic instability problem in a dispersive wave system with diabatic heating effects, it is of great interest to investigate the role of wavegroup velocityv _gr in blocking processes, becausev _gr controls the energy transfer in the wave field. Using a Newtonian Cooling —type of forcing with a phase differencek to the main field and taking the linearized version of a two-level model, the phase speedc _r, the group velocityv _gr and the growth ratekc _i have been obtained as analytical functions of the mean zonal windU, the thermal windU _T, the coefficient of diabatic heating x, the phase differencek and the wavelengthL. Now the hypothesis is introduced, that a blocking should be expected, ifv _gr has a maximum value in the vicinity ofL _o, for whichc _r vanishes and thee-folding timet=1/kc _i (kc _i>0) is smaller than 6 days (see condition (20) in the text). One finds, that for special parameter combinations (U _T, U, ), where 15 m/secU _T25m/sec,U=10m/sec, 0.8·10^–51.5·10^–5 [sec^–1], certain valuesL _o with an appropriate phase differencek exist, which satisfy the conditions mentioned above (for values see Table 2). TherebyL _o varies within the range 8500 km <L _o<11000 km corresponding to the preferred planetary blocking wavenumber 2 in middle latitudes 50°<<70° N.     

Test of scale modelling of sediment transport in steady unidirectional flow

In two steady uniform flows at different physical scales in a small open channel, with variables characterizing flow, sediment, and fluid adjusted for dynamic similitude by means of four dimensionless modelling parameters (a Reynolds number, a Froude number, a density ratio, and a length ratio), measured frequency distributions of height, spacing, and migration rate of current ripples were almost identical when scaled, thus verifying that exact Reynolds-Froude modelling of loose-sediment transport is valid and workable. Modelling should be valid as well for a wide range of other transport conditions in the same kind of flow, because no additional kinds of forces or effects would be present in transport of loose grains in modes other than as ripples. In scaled-down modelling, a scale ratio of 2.5 is attainable without recourse to exotic fluids by use of water at 85°C to model natural flows at 10°C.     

Dynamic Response of Shallow-Buried Tunnels Traversing High Loess Slopes

Considering the existence of numerous shallow-buried tunnels traversing high slopes in the loess area in western China and the fact of high seismic intensity there, we investigate the dynamic response rules of a shallow-buried loess tunnel and its slope under the action of seismic waves with different intensities. Through large-scale shaking table model tests,we successfully analyze the characteristics and process of the destabilization of tunnels and slopes, and propose valuable suggestions regarding the reinforcement parts of a tunnel for reducing seismic damage. The results show that the main seismic damage on a slope include the failure of the sliding surface between the top and foot and the stripping of the soil around the tunnel entrance, while the damage on a tunnel is mainly manifested as the seismic-induced subsidence at the portal section and the cracking deformation at the joint areas. Finally,we propose that the "staggered peak distribution" phenomenon of the maximum acceleration values at the vault and inverted arch area can be considered as a criterion indicating that the tunnel enters into the threshold of dynamic failure.     

GPS技术在县级土地利用动态监测中的应用

准确、定量地把握土地利用及其变化状况具有重要的意义。全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ） 在土地利用动态监测中既是遥感技术的辅助定位手段,也可以作为独立的数据获取手段。介绍了ＧＰＳ定位方式和特点,结合中国国家“九五”攻关项目,讨论了县级土地利用动态监测中的ＧＰＳ选型思路和综合考虑ＧＩＳ功能的ＧＰＳ数据获取方法。通过实验证明了２Ｄ异常数据处理方法和ＧＰＳ数据处理中“假５４”代替“真５４”的可行性。这些结论将有效地提高内、外业工作效率和数据精度。     

East African topography and volcanism explained by a single,migrating plume

Anomalous topographic swells and Cenozoic volcanism in east Africa have been associated with mantle plumes.Several models involving one or more fixed plumes beneath the northeastward migrating African plate have been suggested to explain the space-time distribution of magmatism in east Africa.We devise paleogeographically constrained global models of mantle convection and,based on the evolution of flow in the deepest lower mantle,show that the Afar plume migrated southward throughout its lifetime.The models suggest that the mobile Afar plume provides a dynamically consistent explanation for the spatial extent of the southward propagation of the east African rift system(EARS),which is difficult to explain by the northeastward migration of Africa over one or more fixed plumes alone,over the last≈45 Myr.We further show that the age-progression of volcanism associated with the southward propagation of EARS is consistent with the apparent surface hotspot motion that results from southward motion of the modelled Afar plume beneath the northeastward migrating African plate.The models suggest that the Afar plume became weaker as it migrated southwards,consistent with trends observed in the geochemical record.     

构造侧向挤压与砂岩成岩压实作用--以塔里木盆地为例

从塔里木盆地库车坳陷下侏罗统和西南坳陷白垩系的构造样式、古构造应力值与砂岩成岩压实作用之间相互关系的研究 ,明确提出了构造侧向挤压对砂岩成岩压实有重要的影响 ,它造成的压实减孔量可以是砂岩总压实减孔量的 2 .5 %～ 2 3.6 %。库车坳陷克孜勒努尔 -乌恰沟地区为断层转折褶皱 ,其南翼为高构造应力带、变形强烈 ,它引起的构造挤压减孔量为 5 .6 %～ 6 .6 % ,占总压实减孔量的 17.6 %～ 2 3.6 % ;而吐格尔明地区为断层传播褶皱 ,其南翼的构造变形较弱 ,构造挤压减孔量仅 1.9%～ 2 .1%。西南坳陷七美干地区位于逆冲推覆构造带的中带 ,构造挤压减孔量为 4.9% ,占总压实减孔量的 17.6 % ;而位于前锋带的同由路克地区受构造侧向挤压作用的影响很小。     

《地理信息系统》空间分析教学动态演示系统开发

针对《地理信息系统》课程教学中空间分析部分的特点，以优化教学效果为目标，探讨了CAI在空间分析教学中应用的模式，提出开发专用的小型动态演示系统的思路，并对系统设计中的相关问题进行了分析，最后以缓冲区分析动态演示为例说明了系统开发实现和应用效果。     

河南省2002—01—12雷暴成因探析

利用实时资料，分析了2002—01—12河南省雷暴产生前后的大气能量和动力条件，揭示了雷暴的成因。