Processing Multibeam Backscatter Data

A new highly precise source of data has recently become available using multibeam sonar systems in hydrography. Multibeam sonar systems can provide hydrographic quality depth data as well as high-resolution seafloor sonar images. We utilize the seafloor backscatter strength data of each beam from multibeam sonar and the automatic classification technology so that we can get the seafloor type identification maps. In this article, analyzing all kinds of error effects in backscatter strength, data are based on the relationship between backscatter strength and seafloor types. We emphasize particularly analyzing the influences of local bottom slope and near nadir reflection in backscatter strength data. We also give the correction algorithms and results of these two influent factors. After processing the raw backscatter strength data and correcting error effects, we can get processed backscatter strength data which reflect the features of seafloor types only. Applying the processed backscatter strength data and mosaicked seafloor sonar images, we engage in seafloor classification and geomorphy interpretation in future research.     

海洋自动监测系统设备的安装

本文简述了自动监测系统现场安装的重要性，提出了设备安装的检查，现场的准备，及设备的安装方法和注意事项。     

Study on visual control system of acoustic in situ measurement technology for survey of seafloor sediment

Abstract

A new kind of visual acoustic measurement system was developed to obtain the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment and the working state of in situ measuring equipment in real time. The control unit of the system structure is mainly made up of the underwater control unit and the deck control unit. In comparison with similar traditional systems, the system can transmit the working video image, the measured acoustic data and the waveform synchronous from the underwater control equipment to the deck control unit through the connecting cable. Apart from self-contained in situ measurement, the working modes of it include visual online real-time control. In order to guarantee the stability and measurement precision of the video control system, the process control of in situ measurement was strictly tested in the experimental tank. In 2017, sea trials of the in situ measurement system was carried out in the South China Sea. In the process, data related to measurement, including the acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient of the seabed sediment, were obtained as well. The results from sea trials show that the control process of the visual system is intuitive, reliable and accurate, and therefore it can be popularized and applied.     

柴北缘鱼卡河超高压变质金红石中Si含量及其地质意义

利用LA-ICP-MS方法对柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡河超高压变质的多硅白云母榴辉岩及共生的石榴角闪钠长岩中的金红石进行了详细的矿物学和LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素研究。结果表明:多硅白云母榴辉岩中金红石显示Si成分环带,且Si含量(质量分数,下同)随变质压力而发生规律性的变化;从进变质到峰期变质阶段,金红石中Si含量从核部向边部呈升高趋势,峰期金红石的边部Si含量达到最高,退变质阶段金红石中Si含量从核部向边部呈降低趋势;石榴角闪钠长岩中的金红石主要呈包体产于多硅白云母、石榴子石、角闪石和钠长石中;在相同的超高压变质条件下,石榴角闪钠长岩中多硅白云母包体金红石的Si含量((1018~2741)×10^-6,平均为1924×10^-6)明显高于多硅白云母榴辉岩中的峰期金红石((450~2397)×10^-6,平均为952×10^-6)。综合多硅白云母榴辉岩和石榴角闪钠长岩的产状、变质演化和全岩成分以及前人对大别—苏鲁超高压榴辉岩中富硅金红石的研究结果提出,超高压变质岩石中金红石的Si含量与变质压力成正相关关系,金红石中Si含量大于500×10^-6可以作为榴辉岩经历超高压变质作用的指示标志。超高压金红石中Si含量与全岩成分中SiO2和TiO2含量有关,随SiO2含量的升高和TiO2含量的降低而升高。     

海底热流原位测量技术研究

海底热流测量对于海洋地热学基础研究与天然气水合物等新兴海洋矿产资源勘测具有重要意义。海底热流原位测量是现代海底热流探测技术的发展方向。针对我国目前在该项技术的落后局面,通过对现存几种热流原位测量技术的原理与技术特点的对比与分析,指出了我国未来发展海底热流测量技术的方向与重点。     

多频海底声学原位测试系统研制和试用

海底沉积物的声学特性(最重要的是声速和声衰减)以及它们与物理(包括土力学)特性之间的关系是沉积物声学中两个重要的研究项目.介绍了新研制的实时监控多频海底声学原位测试系统.该系统可测量浅表层沉积物的声速.探测频率为8,10,12,15 kHz,可根据实际情况选择发射波形、接收增益和采样长度,采样率为0.5~2.0 MHz,工作水深为300 m.系统具有倾斜传感器、8通道扩充等功能.用该系统在杭州湾测得了四种频率的沉积物原位声速.     

SⅡ型海洋重力仪的特点及使用问题

最新引进LaCoste ＆ Romberg公司的SⅡ型海洋重力仪,是对S型海洋重力仪进行全自动化控制升级的新型产品,其操作使用模式已在很多方面不同于原有的S型海洋重力仪.在比较新老产品差异的基础上,探讨了SⅡ型海洋重力仪的相关使用问题。     

海底声学原位测试声速提取技术研究

海底沉积物的声学声速特性是沉积物声学中的一个重要的研究方向。正确提取声学原位测量的声速对海底沉积物声学反演至关重要。分析了海底声学原位测试系统的输出子波特性,提出了基于子波提取的互相关双向极值声速提取法。在声速提取过程中,发现某些通道实测声波到达时会出现超出正常范围的异常。分析后认为异常通道的到达波相位出现180°反至现象。通过互相关数值的负极小值提取的声波到达时对互相关正极大值所获得的到达时曲线进行校正后提取声速,得到了正确的结果,说明了本方法的正确性。     

在热液内金属铅的物种形式原位观测实验

文章应用高温高压腔连接紫外_可见谱仪研究了150℃条件下铅在含氯溶液里的物种形式。实验的体系是Pbs_NaCl_HCl_H2O。实验结果表明,铅在含氯溶液里的物种形成有2个步骤:Pb2 Cl-→PbCl ,PbCl Cl-→PbCl2,处于平衡态时为PbCl2。溶液的氯浓度、温度、反应延续时间影响物种形式。     

基于geodatabase的海底探测数据库的构建

介绍了基于geodatabase面向对象数据库模型存储海底探测数据的优势,提出了建立基于geodatabase的海底探测数据库对海底探测数据一体化管理的解决方案,以地球物理调查数据为例,对基于geodatabase的面向对象数据库模型建立流程进行了讨论,并将其成功的应用到实际工作中。