液动锤射流元件喷嘴临界流速预测与验证

应用CFD动态分析技术,对SC71B型液动锤内部流场进行了仿真分析,结果表明,其射流元件临界流速为20.305～22.565 m/s,大大低于凭经验预测的40 m/s。为检验这一理论预测结果,对SC71B型液动锤射流元件临界流速进行了实验测定,为21.83 m/s,表明理论预测结果与实测结果高度吻合,证明了基于CFD动态分析的液动锤射流元件临界流速理论预测方法的可行性;同时通过理论分析和实测获得了至今为止液动锤射流元件临界流速的最低值,可为研制油气钻井用低速射流元件驱动控制的液动锤提供重要参考。     

公众为何对气候变化的科学结论信任不充分

通过系统分析世界各国气候传播领域近年来的进展,以解释为何公众对气候变化的科学结论缺乏信任这一复杂问题.文中首先概述了各国公众对气候变化的态度以及影响公众态度的社会、政治与经济因素,再分析了各国媒体对气候变化的报道及其媒体效果,并重点探究了社会心理因素如何影响人们对气候变化的认知与态度.此外国际气候传播研究对我国气候传播...     

黔西南中部逆冲推覆构造控制卡林型金矿的地震勘探证据

黔西南中部卡林型金矿矿集区,以普遍发育逆冲推覆构造为主要特征.在各金矿区内逆冲推覆构造的表现形式不尽相同,但均为重要的控矿构造.重力异常资料表明,金矿的发育与基底隆起关系密切.本文以几个典型金矿区及具有成矿远景的逆冲推覆构造为例,结合地震勘探资料及地表资料进行研究,结果表明:逆冲推覆构造带在黔西南中部广泛分布,分别有走...     

抽拉—逆冲岩片控矿研究

抽拉—逆冲岩片构造是杨志华等在研究秦岭造山带过程中提出的一种关于大陆造山带形成与演化的全新构造观。通过西秦岭造山带腹地的西成矿田西汉水群的解体和再划分，结合必要的测试分析，首次在该区发现元古宇地层单元。该地层单元无论在变质程度，还是在变形层次、序列、样式上均与古生界存在巨大差别。经详细的构造解析及区域地质的调研，我们认为该区元古宇是在晚三叠世由西向东抽拉—逆冲至地表的，西成矿田中矿床分布严格受抽拉—逆冲岩片控制，而且西成矿田中最大的矿床——厂坝铅锌矿是产于元古宇而不是泥盆系中。因此，过去在该区建立的热水沉积成矿模式的基础已不复存在。我们结合抽拉—逆冲岩片构造思想，提出了抽拉—逆冲岩片构造控矿模式，建立了不同岩片系统与相应的不同类型矿床相互对应的关系。这为大陆造山带成矿理论的研究提供了新的思维。     

逆冲双重构造形成的新模式

根据天然产出的逆冲双重构造基本特征，指出了Ｂｏｙｅｒ－Ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔ关于双重构造形成的理论模式存在的问题，提出了双重构造形成的锥形楔模式，并讨论了该模式对研究双重构造及编构造发育区平衡剖面的意义。     

库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征

库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔由一系列向南运动的逆冲断层和相关褶皱组成。冲断楔的北部以断层转折褶皱、断层传播褶皱、双重逆冲构造为主。断层楔的前缘发育了很好的滑脱膝折背斜,全为盲断层控制,形成隐蔽式前锋。冲断层的就位从中新世开始,自北向南迁移,前锋的构造形成在第四纪。造成逆冲断层的地壳水平缩短作用速度在中新世较慢,平均为0．355mm/a,上新世中期达0．82mm/a,而到上新世晚期和第四纪速度增大了约一个数量级,达到1．29－3mm/a。     

内蒙古色尔腾山的推覆构造

基于1∶5万地质调查资料和野外重点地区的解剖研究, 结合深部地球物理资料, 阐述了色尔腾地区逆冲推覆构造的特征, 详细探讨了本区推覆构造的动力学机制, 认为色尔腾山总体为一巨型推覆体, 且造成本区大规模逆冲推覆的主要动力是局部应力场的作用——相向地幔环流体系的隆升.      

燕山造山带复杂构造变形型式的新证据及其地质意义

我们在燕山造山带若干区域的构造填图工作表明，燕山带构造变形型式十分复杂。在华北地区中元古代“标准剖面”所在的天津市蓟县常州村-团山子-杨庄地区，我们的填图工作识别出众多的逆冲构造。在北京市东部密云县丰台顶一带发现了褶皱的推覆体。在北京市西北部延庆县的河口．石槽地区填绘出强烈变形的褶皱冲断构造。但是，前人已发表的地质图并未显示这些构造形迹。根据G A Davis及其合作者的研究和我们的调查工作，我们认为前人对燕山造山带的填图工作在识别区域主要构造特征方面是不成功的，燕山带挤压变形比前人所认为的要更为强烈和复杂。     

Conditions during syntectonic vein formation in the footwall of the Absaroka Thrust Fault, Idaho–Wyoming–Utah fold and thrust belt

The Twin Creek Limestone in the footwall of the Absaroka thrust sheet contains three sets of bed-normal syntectonic calcite veins. Vein formation occurred during Cretaceous motion along the Absaroka thrust fault as indicated by (1) crosscutting relationships among these vein sets, (2) a previously dated solution cleavage, and (3) calcite twin analysis. Fluid inclusions in the veins and overburden estimates constrain inclusion entrapment temperatures to be between 175 °C and 328 °C. Results from stable oxygen isotopes indicate that the host and vein fluid compositions were in near isotopic equilibrium. Applying both reasonable geothermal gradients and constraints on overburden temperature yields fluid pressures during vein precipitation that are near hydrostatic. All data taken together suggest both that vein formation within the Twin Creek Formation occurred in a relatively closed system, and that the veins filled near hydrostatic fluid pressure. Because the veins fill precursory cracks, vein filling might not reflect the maximum fluid pressure that existed during the complete vein forming process.     

Thermal evolution of the Kuh-e-Asmari and Sim anticlines in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt: Implications for hydrocarbon generation

Mixed layer clay minerals, vitrinite reflectance and geochemical data from Rock-Eval pyrolysis were used to constrain the burial evolution of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic successions exposed at the Kuh-e-Asmari (Dezful Embayment) and Sim anticlines (Fars province) in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt. In both areas, Late Cretaceous to Pliocene rocks, show low levels of thermal maturity in the immature stages of hydrocarbon generation and early diagenetic conditions (R0 I–S and R_o% values < 0.5). At depths of 2–4 km, T_max values (435–450 °C) from organic-rich layers of the Sargelu, Garau and Kazhdumi source rocks in the Kuh-e-Asmari anticline indicate mid to late mature stages of hydrocarbon generation. One dimensional thermal models allowed us to define the onset of oil generation for the Middle Jurassic to Eocene source rocks and pointed out that sedimentary burial is the main factor responsible for measured levels of thermal maturity. Specifically, the Sargelu and Garau Formations entered the oil window prior to Zagros folding in Late Cretaceous times, the Kazhdumi Formation during middle Miocene (syn-folding stage), and the Pabdeh Formation in the Late Miocene–Pliocene after the Zagros folding. In the end, the present-day distribution of oil fields in the Dezful Embayment and gas fields in the Fars region is primarily controlled by lithofacies changes and organic matter preservation at the time of source rock sedimentation. Burial conditions during Zagros folding had minor to negligible influence.