The start‐up of the Dolomia Principale/Hauptdolomit carbonate platform (Upper Triassic) in the eastern Southern Alps

Wide carbonate platform environments developed on the western passive margin of the Tethys during the Late Triassic, after a major climate change (Carnian Pluvial Episode) that produced a crisis of high‐relief microbial carbonate platforms. The peritidal succession of this epicontinental platform (Dolomia Principale/Hauptdolomit, Dachstein Limestone) is widespread in the Mediterranean region. However, the start‐up stage is not fully understood. The original platform to basin depositional geometries of the system have been studied in the north‐eastern Southern Alps, close to the Italian/Slovenian boundary where they are exceptionally preserved. Sedimentological features have been investigated in detail by measuring several stratigraphic sections cropping out along an ideal depositional profile. The analysis of the facies architecture allowed reconstruction of the palaeoenvironments of the Dolomia Principale platform during its start‐up and early growth stages in the late Carnian. The carbonate platform was characterized by an outer platform area, connected northward to steep slopes facing a relatively deep basin. Southward, the outer platform was connected to inner sheltered environments by a narrow, often emerged shelf crest. Behind this zone, carbonate sedimentation occurred in shallow lagoons and tidal flats, passing inward to a siliciclastic mudflat. The Dolomia Principale platform was initially aggrading and able to keep pace with a concomitant sea‐level rise, and then prograding during the late Carnian. This stratigraphic interval was correlated with the Tuvalian succession of the Dolomites, allowing depiction of the depositional system on a wide scale of hundreds of kilometres. This large‐scale depositional system presents features in common with some Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonate build‐ups (for example, the Permian Capitan Reef complex, Anisian Latemar platform), both in terms of architecture and prevailing carbonate producers. A microbial‐dominated carbonate factory is found in the outer platform and upper slope. The recovery of high‐relief microbial carbonate platforms marks the end of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Tuvalian of Tethys.     

“You know you can do this,right?”: developing geospatial technological pedagogical content knowledge and enhancing teachers’ cartographic practices with socio-environmental science investigations

Many barriers exist to K–12 classroom teachers’ adoption and implementation of geospatial technologies with their students. To address this circumstance, we have developed and implemented a geospatial curriculum approach to promote teachers’ professional growth with curriculum-linked professional development (PD) to support the adoption of socio-environmental science investigations (SESI) in an urban school environment that includes reluctant learners. SESI focus on social issues related to environmental science. The pedagogy is inquiry-driven, with students engaged in map-based mobile data collection and subsequent analysis with Web-based dynamic mapping software to answer open-ended questions. Working with four science and social studies teachers, we designed and implemented a sequence of three locally oriented, geospatial inquiry projects that were implemented with 140 9th grade students. We investigated how the geospatial curriculum approach impacted the teachers’ geospatial pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), their cartographic practices, and promoted geospatial thinking and analysis skills with their students. Findings revealed strong growth in teachers’ geospatial PCK, increased map use by teachers, use of maps as media for inquiry and not didactic instruction, and modeling to guide students’ geospatial analysis using GIS. Implications for PD to promote teachers’ geospatial PCK and in-class cartographic practices are discussed.     

江西永平铜矿外围护架山钻孔ZK725岩矿相学特征及意义

内容提要：护架山地区位于江西省铅山县境内永平主矿东部,近年来地质找矿获得重大突破,新增333+334类Cu资源量近30万吨。本文以护架山地区钻孔ZK725为主要研究对象,进行样品采集、室内岩相学与矿相学和电镜能谱的研究,并结合野外地质调查,确定钻孔ZK725孔深766.0m以上的浅部和以下的深部矿化为两种不同成因,上部矿化体现为岩浆热液-构造叠加成矿,下部矿化段显示为永平主体矿区向东的延伸。在石英脉型矿石中发现锌锑黝铜矿,其代表着热液成矿作用的迹象,糜棱岩化岩浆岩的大量分布反映了区域内构造对矿的控制;大量胶状黄铁矿则表明曾经发生过大规模的热水沉积作用,与永平主体矿区同为一个成矿体系。新发现锌锑黝铜矿、含铼白钨矿、含铼钨铁矿、沥青铀矿、方钍石、叶碲铋矿、重硫铋铜矿、碲银矿、碲铋银矿等。 有用金属元素除铜、锌、铅、镉、钨外,本文确定铋与铟的含量也达到最低工业品位的要求。     

含砂量对HDD钻井液性能影响的试验研究

水平定向钻进铺管钻遇地层多为土、砂层,钻井液对成孔质量影响较大,而固相含量又直接影响钻井液的综合性能。本文通过室内试验,分析了不同含砂量条件下,钻井液的塑性粘度、表观粘度、动切力、动塑比的变化规律,认为含砂量在15％以下时,对钻井液流变性能变化不大,而当钻井液中的含砂量超过20％时,钻井液会产生系统破坏,需要进一步处理方可二次使用。     

砚山炭房村供水水文地质特征分析

云南砚山县炭房村,处于南丘河（属珠江水系）与盘龙河（属红河水系）的分水岭地带,区域地貌为滇东南高原斜坡地带,炭房附近地貌以峰丛洼地为主.通过初步调查在炭房村水文地质钻孔周边开展物探激电测深电法,确定钻孔孔位,通过钻孔实施,水量5.145m3/d,几乎为干孔.总结这—失败原因,对今后该地区的水文地质钻探提供资料.     

Deep incision in an Aptian carbonate succession indicates major sea‐level fall in the Cretaceous

Long‐term relative sea‐level cycles (0·5 to 6 Myr) have yet to be fully understood for the Cretaceous. During the Aptian, in the northern Maestrat Basin (Eastern Iberian Peninsula), fault‐controlled subsidence created depositional space, but eustasy governed changes in depositional trends. Relative sea‐level history was reconstructed by sequence stratigraphic analysis. Two forced regressive stages of relative sea‐level were recognized within three depositional sequences. The first stage is late Early Aptian age (intra Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) and is characterized by foreshore to upper shoreface sedimentary wedges, which occur detached from a highstand carbonate platform, and were deposited above basin marls. The amplitude of relative sea‐level drop was in the order of tens of metres, with a duration of <1 Myr. The second stage of relative sea‐level fall occurred within the Late Aptian and is recorded by an incised valley that, when restored to its pre‐contractional attitude, was >2 km wide and cut ≥115 m down into the underlying Aptian succession. With the subsequent transgression, the incision was backfilled with peritidal to shallow subtidal deposits. The changes in depositional trends, lithofacies evolution and geometric relation of the stratigraphic units characterized are similar to those observed in coeval rocks within the Maestrat Basin, as well as in other correlative basins elsewhere. The pace and magnitude of the two relative sea‐level drops identified fall within the glacio‐eustatic domain. In the Maestrat Basin, terrestrial palynological studies provide evidence that the late Early and Late Aptian climate was cooler than the earliest part of the Early Aptian and the Albian Stage, which were characterized by warmer environmental conditions. The outcrops documented here are significant because they preserve the results of Aptian long‐term sea‐level trends that are often only recognizable on larger scales (i.e. seismic), such as for the Arabian Plate.     

科学大洋钻探与天然气水合物

天然气水合物是由水和甲烷等气体水分子组成的冰状物,主要分布于海洋陆坡区和陆地永久冻土带,是21世纪理想的替代能源。科学家已对天然气水合物的物理化学性质、产出条件、分布规律、勘查技术、开采工艺、经济评价及开采可能造成的环境影响等进行了广泛而深入的研究。大洋钻探计划（ODP）是获得深部含天然气水合物和游离气沉积物的唯一途径,已成功实施了164和 204两个以天然气水合物为主要目标的航次,分析研究了含天然气水合物沉积物的原位物理化学特性和地球物理性质,探讨了气体-水-沉积物-水合物间的相互作用机理,为气体储量计算提供了依据,对推动水合物研究作出了重大贡献。综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）的启动,将为人们深刻理解地球历史和地球系统过程（ESP）,特别是认识天然气水合物在地质过程中的作用,提供前所未有的机会。     

钻井液润滑材料性能对比评价研究

钻井液润滑性能是影响钻井速度和井下安全的关键因素之一。本论文介绍了钻井液润滑材料对比评价实验仪器及方法,对钻井液体系中常用润滑材料的性能进行对比试验分析,选择效果最好的润滑剂品种和最优的复配方案,制定合理的配套润滑技术措施。     

CHIM法在双沟金矿深部找矿中应用及效果

双沟金矿常规找矿方法难有突破。用地电化学勘查法(CHIM)对矿区深部开展隐伏矿预测,共圈定金异常4个,经钻探工程验证,深部已发现金矿脉。     

气举反循环钻井技术在超深地热井钻探中的应用

本文通过地热钻井气举反循环施工实例,说明其钻井深度可以达到4000m以下的深度。