南海北部东沙海域天然气水合物分解事件及其与海底滑塌的关系

东沙海域是南海北部一个重要的天然气水合物成藏区, 其陆坡广泛发育滑塌构造。文章对采自东沙陆坡中部973-4柱样和下部平坦区973-5柱样开展了沉积学粒度、底栖有孔虫种属特征和稳定同位素等的综合分析。研究结果表明: 两个柱样中底栖有孔虫的δ¹³C在末次冰期均出现明显负偏现象, 同时δ¹⁸O增高, 指示该时期东沙海域存在持续的天然气水合物分解事件; 末次冰消期以来, δ¹³C负偏现象逐渐消失, δ¹⁸O值降低, 可能是由于海平面上升阻止了天然气水合物分解。973-4柱样仅在末次盛冰期对应层位440~600cm段存在明显的滑塌沉积, 且该层段对应的特征底栖有孔虫Uvigerina spp.和Bulimina spp.的数量突增, 推测该区的海底滑塌可能是由于末次盛冰期海平面大幅度下降引起天然气水合物大量分解诱发所致; 973-5柱样同样记录到了海底滑塌现象, 但其滑塌沉积晚于973-4柱样的滑塌时间, 且其规模较小。     

碱性玄武岩形成的时限及其地质意义

中国华北克拉通及邻区的早前寒武纪不存在碱性玄武岩。全球范围内碱性玄武岩的形成也存在时限性，它们在中新生代以来相对大量的出现。碱性玄武岩可划分为钾质碱性玄武岩和钠质碱性玄武岩两大类，后者还可作进一步划分。它们在同位素组成和元素组成上存在相互过渡的变化，这与地幔源区外来加入物质的种类和比例不同有关。高压和低程度熔融是所有碱性玄武岩形成的必要条件。研究表明，碱性玄武岩形成具时限性主要与地球热状态从热向冷的历史演化有关。碱性玄武岩的形成需要地幔俯冲作用，可达到相当深度的地幔俯冲作用只是到了太古宙以后才发生，并在中新生代以来达到高潮。     

Community structure of infaunal macrobenthos around vestimentiferan thickets at the San Clemente cold seep,NE Pacific

The San Clemente cold seep lies within 100–200 km of other reducing habitats in the NE Pacific, offering an opportunity to compare diversity and species overlap among reducing habitats (i.e. whale‐, kelp‐, and wood‐falls) at similar depths within a single region. Video observations from the research submersible Alvin at the San Clemente seep (1800 m depth) indicated clumps (‘thickets’) of vestimentiferans distributed as meter‐scale patches interspersed with vesicomyid clam beds and black sediments. Sediment‐core samples were collected at distances of 0 to 80–200 m along randomly oriented transects radiating outward from vestimentiferan thickets to evaluate changes in macrofaunal community structure from thickets into the background community. Macrofaunal abundance was elevated at distances of 0–1 m compared to 80–200 m (i.e. the ‘background’ community). The tube‐building frenulate worms Siboglinum spp., along with peracarid crustaceans, dominated sediments within 1 m of vestimentiferan thickets. Species diversity was depressed within 1 m of thickets but with high rates of species accumulation, suggesting that seep sites greatly increase sediment heterogeneity and facilitate colonization by non‐background macrofaunal species. Stable isotope data indicate chemosynthetic nutrition for some dominant macrofaunal species within 1 m of tubeworm thickets. The macrofaunal community near vestimentiferan thickets in San Clemente seep contains intermediate levels of species richness and diversity compared to other deep‐sea seep areas in the northeast Pacific. There was low species overlap between the San Clemente seep macrofauna and communities in reducing habitats near wood‐, whale‐, and kelp‐falls at similar depths within the region, suggesting that seeps harbor a distinct infaunal community.     

Reconstruction of eddies by assimilating satellite altimeter data into Princeton Ocean Model

An optimal interpolation assimilation model for satellite altimetry data is developed based on Princeton Ocean Model (POM), which is applied in a quasi-global domain, by the method of isotropic correlation between sea level anomaly (SLA) and sea temperature anomaly. The perfor- mance of this assimilation model is validated by the modeled results of SLA and the current patterns. Comparisons between modeling and satellite data show that both the magnitudes and distribution patterns of the simulated SLA are improved by assimilation. The most signiˉcant improvement is that meso-scale systems, e.g., eddies, are well reconstructed. The evolution of an eddy located in the northwest Paciˉc Ocean is traced by using the assimilation model. Model results show that during three months the eddy migrated southwestward for about 6 degrees before merging into the Kuroshio. The three dimensional structure of this eddy on 12 August 2001 is further analyzed. The strength of this warm, cyclonic eddy decreases with the increase of depth. The eddy shows di?erent horizontal patterns at di?erent layers, and the SLA and temperature ˉelds agree with each other well. This study suggests that this kind of data assimilation is economic and reliable for eddy reconstruction, and can be used as a promising technique in further studies of ocean eddies as well as other ˉne circulation structures.     

样品保藏方式与时间对海洋底栖细菌及原生生物荧光计数效能的影响

DAPI荧光染色技术已广泛应用于浮游细菌及原生生物的定量研究,但对底栖生物的定量效能尚缺必要的研究。比较了冷冻和冷藏两种保藏方式以及保存时间对DAPI荧光计数底栖细菌、蓝细菌、硅藻、不同粒级自养小鞭毛虫(PNF)和异养小鞭毛虫(HNF)的影响。对黄海冷水团三个站位表层2cm底栖样品进行的4℃冷藏与?20℃冷冻避光保存的比较研究表明,两种保藏方式下两个站位的所有研究对象均无显著差异,但另一站位的PNF(2~5μm和5~10μm)的冷藏保存显著优于冷冻保存。对选取的另外两个站位(0~2cm和2~5cm分层)的样品经1个月和4个月冷藏保存后的分析表明,对于底栖细菌、蓝细菌、PNF(5~10 μm)、PNF(10 μm)、HNF(10 μm)和硅藻在保存1个月和4个月后的计数没有显著差异,而对于PNF(2～5 μm)、HNF(2～5 μm)、HNF(5～10 μm)保存4个月的数量明显低于保存1个月的样品,如其中一个站位的0～2cm分层的PNF(2～5 μm)丰度减少了47.4%,2～5cm分层的丰度减少了59.6%,HNF(2～5 μm)和HNF(5～10 μm)经4个月后丰度降为0。本研究表明,对底栖细菌、蓝细菌以及原生生物的定量计数可因样品、保藏方式及保存时间的不同而产生差异,因此对于底栖样品短期内宜采用避光、冷藏保存,并在带回实验室后尽快分析。     

FY-4A数据在2021年1月6—8日寒潮监测中应用

基于静止气象卫星图像解译理论和位涡理论,应用FY-4A水汽图像、干涉式大气垂直探测仪（GIIRS）产品和欧洲中心第五代大气再分析资料（ERA5）对2021年1月6—8日我国中东部地区寒潮天气进行分析。结果表明：高空冷涡和地面冷高压是影响此次寒潮天气的主要影响系统,冷空气5日08:00从贝加尔湖南部向东、向南加强发展,8日20:00 减弱;对比FY-4A/GIIRS与ERA5 850 hPa 24 h变温数据发现：两种数据反映的对流层低层冷空气东移南下特征和正负变温区域分布特征基本一致,FY-4A/GIIRS 850 hPa 24 h负变温中心和0℃等变温线的位置与ERA5数据接近,FY-4A/GIIRS 850 hPa 24 h变温中心值强度略大于ERA5。水汽图像暗区变暗附近的高层位涡的增加激发高层气旋性环流后侧下沉运动增强,干空气下沉造成了地面高压增强;500 hPa冷涡中心附近绝对涡度增加是引起冷空气增强的原因之一;冷空气急剧增强时段,中低层位涡的加大引起地面冷空气堆积,寒潮增强。FY-4A/GIIRS温度产品反映的冷空气移动特征与位涡理论对冷空气增强原因分析结果一致,说明应用FY-4A/GIIRS温度产品能够有效监测分析寒潮冷空气演变特征。     

Can Eddy Forcing be Responsible for the Spatial Structure of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode?

In order to study the origin of the spatial structure of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM),a linear stochastic model is constructed empirically from the output of a GCM run.Optimal stochastic forcing in terms of the maximum variance contribution,which may be potentially related to the maintenance of the NAM,is investigated.Theoretical analysis on the dominant non-modal response to the stochastic forcing shows that this dominance is jointly decided by the properties of forcing and the non-modal grow...     

遥感筛选评价区化异常的初步探索

近年来,作者发展了七种以上重要找矿指示元素的野外快速分析法,此乃其一。文中提出一种新的金样冷浸技术,引进了新的光导光度检测方法,样品经溴化钠—硫酸—过氧化氢冷浸,用经丙酮—MIBK处理的泡沫塑料富集金,经混合解脱剂解脱并直接取解脱液用改进的微珠析出法或用光导光度法测定。取10g样品,可测定0．0005- 50g/t范围内的金。方法简便、快速,可在普查分队驻地进行,每一工作日可测定80多个样品,由于废弃了王水分解样品和泡沫塑料的灰化,具有广阔的应用前景。