福建平潭岛旅游地质资源特征浅析

福建平潭岛又名海坛岛 ,是祖国大陆距台湾最近点 ,不但有着秀丽无比的海域风光 ,别具一格的海岛民俗 ,最具特色的还是它的地质地貌景观 ,专家们称之为“天然的地学博物馆”,具备广阔的旅游地学资源开发前景。     

Indicator Tissues for Heavy Metal Monitoring – Additional Attributes

Preferred characteristics of biological indicators for heavy metal monitoring in marine ecosystems were documented 30 years ago. Heavy metal data from Raine Island on the outer-northern Great Barrier Reef are presented to introduce additional attributes for consideration, including a widened choice of biological tissues due to advances in trace heavy metal analysis. Kidney tissues, visceral mass and adductor muscle from the giant clam (Tridacna maxima), muscle tissue from trochus (Trochus niloticus) and axial muscle from four species of fish were targeted. The kidneys of giant clams had concentrations of heavy metals from 2 (Zn) to 2780 (Ni) times higher than corresponding concentrations in adductor muscles. Also, tissues of giant clam and the muscle of trochus gave different signals with respect to bio-available heavy metals. Linear correlations for heavy metals within and between tissues of giant clam and within muscle tissue of trochus, offer opportunities for the use of surrogates as well as a possible mathematical basis for assessing trends in heavy metal pollution.     

Absolute paleointensities recorded during the Brunhes chron at La Guadeloupe Island

Ten absolute paleointensity determinations within the Brunhes chron have been obtained on andesitic lava flows from La Guadeloupe Island, French West Indies (F.W.I.). The Thellier and Thellier method performed on 124 specimens under either ambient or argon atmosphere allows reliable determinations from high temperature steps. A satisfactory within flow reproducibility has been observed and at least two samples for each flow have been used for calculation of the weighted-mean paleointensity. The average virtual axial dipole moment (VADM=7.1±1.8×10²² A m²) for normal polarity flows from the Brunhes chron recorded at La Guadeloupe is compatible with the historical field. The 10 VADM values obtained show a relatively good agreement with the deep-sea composite record (SINT800) of relative paleointensity. Focusing on the 100–75 ka interval, a 20-ka oscillation observed from a compilation of available volcanic data and present in high-resolution sedimentary records has been tentatively related to the axial dipole moment variations. Finally, a paleointensity decrease of a factor of 10 is observed for flows emitted during the Matuyama–Brunhes (M–B) transition, as already observed in other records of this reversal. Because a large area of the Globe around the Caribbean Islands was previously devoid of data, the present dataset fills a gap towards construction of a global paleointensity database for the Brunhes chron.     

Earthquake-induced variations in the composition of the water in the geothermal reservoir at Vulcano Island, Italy

During 1979–1989, variations were observed in the oxygen composition of the water contained in the geothermal reservoir at Vulcano Island, Italy.The reservoir water, that has a magmatic origin, showed an oxygen composition of +1.0±0.5‰ δ¹⁸O during periods without local tectonic earthquakes, and an oxygen composition of +3.4±0.5‰ δ¹⁸O after the highest-energy seismic activity that occurred recently near the island. A slight increase of the δ¹⁸O value in the reservoir water was also observed after a low-energy sequence of tectonic earthquakes that occurred at very shallow depth just beneath Vulcano Island. These ¹⁸O variations in the reservoir water are consistent with earthquake-induced increases in the contribution from high-temperature δ¹⁸O-rich magmatic condensate to the geothermal reservoir, and with subsequent decreases in the δ¹⁸O value due to ¹⁸O exchanges at the temporarily increased reservoir temperature during reactions between the highly reactive magmatic condensate and the local rocks.Only minor changes in the deuterium composition of the reservoir water occurred with time, as the δD value in the magmatic condensate released from the magma after major local earthquakes quickly approached the δD value of the water contained in the geothermal reservoir.Also the chloride concentration in the reservoir water appears to be linked to the contribution from the magmatic fluid. This chloride content seems not to have undergone major changes with time, as it may be buffered by temporary increases in the reservoir temperature up to values >300°C induced by major local earthquakes. This mechanism may possibly occur also in other magmatic–hydrothermal systems.     

海南岛南渡江三角洲的废弃与侵蚀

讨论了海南岛南渡江三角洲由发展到废弃的演化过程,分析了不同废弃阶段的河口平面形态由东向西变化等特征,对比活动三角洲与废弃三角洲的显着地貌差异.此外还讨论了活动三角洲前缘潮流在岸外较深水区的侵蚀作用和泥沙的向东搬运,以及波浪在近岸较浅水区的侵蚀作用和泥沙的向西和向岸的搬运.     

从海南岛全新世孢粉研究看海滨红树林的演化

海南岛是我国第二大岛,位于18°09'～21°10'N,108°03'～110°03'E北隔琼州海峡与雷州半岛相望.海岸线长达1500km,全岛面积为33900km2,四周地形低,中南部山地耸立,海拔100m以下的台地、平原占全岛面积的近2/3.     

基于数据分析方法的有居民海岛分类评价研究

海岛是我国国土重要的组成部分,是具有特殊性质的独立地理单元。海岛进行分类评价对海岛的开发和保护意义重大。文章选择30个海岛,从环境保护、经济发展和社会发展3个方面建立16个指标,通过聚类分析、主坐标分析和主成分分析,对海岛进行分类,同时研究海岛不同指标之间的关系。研究发现,海岛可以分为经济发展型、环境发展型和传统发展型...     

不同SST资料在海南岛和北部湾珊瑚白化预警中的适用性比较

近年来,受全球气候变化及极端天气的影响,全球范围频繁出现珊瑚礁白化现象,遥感SST已广泛应用于珊瑚白化的监测和预警中。海南岛近岸及北部湾海域的珊瑚礁近年也倍受白化压力,然而,遥感SST在海南岛近岸及北部湾海域珊瑚白化预警中的适用性尚不清楚。为此,本研究比较了3种常用的遥感SST数据(OISST、GHRSST和CoralTemp)在研究海域的异同及其在夏季珊瑚白化预警中的适用性。结果表明,GHRSST的SST最高、CoralTemp次之、OISST最低,OISST的偏差在2013年以前比较明显,GHRSST和CoralTemp在2003年之后比较接近;与浮标的现场观测值相比,2006—2020年CoralTemp的平均偏差和均方根误差分别为0.03℃和0.92℃,GHRSST为0.08℃和0.96℃,OISST为-0.25℃和1.21℃,CoralTemp在研究区域内更为准确;3种遥感SST计算的DHW与使用现场SST计算的趋势一致,CoralTemp的结果更为接近现场SST。因此,3种遥感SST资料中,CoralTemp相对来说更适用于研究海域。     

福建平潭岛的风沙地貌与海岸演变

在台湾海峡众多的海岛中,平潭岛以风大、沙多著称.风沙作用发生在2400a B.P.左右至今,风沙作用使该岛增加了90km^2的土地.本文论述的海岛东部风沙地貌系列受NNE优势风控制,是泥砂在风和水动力作用下复合搬运与沉积的产物,以堆积型为主,伴生侵蚀-刻蚀型.风沙在七里埔、苍海造就了约14km2的土地,在岛的中部建造了淡水湖泊“岚湖”,在田美沃留下了风蚀刻痕微地貌.此外,风沙活动还影响了海岛东部地区海岸沙滩的冲淤变化.平潭岛风沙地貌系列是台湾海峡一个独特的地质景观,其对海岸带环境变化的影响在中国东部极具代表性,在我国沿海风沙地层学和地貌学上均有较高的科研价值.     

芝罘岛北岸海湾砾滩侵蚀研究

对位于芝罘岛北岸婆婆口东侧海湾潮间带砾滩进行了研究,通过2004年5月和2007年5月2次野外调查结果分析,获得了2次采样时砾滩的特征及其空间的变化特征.调查统计表明,2004年5月的砾滩属于正常的砾滩,砾滩的结构较完整,发育2道滩脊;2007年5月的砾滩不完整,部分滩面基岩裸露.海滩砾石的形态特征统计,能反映海滩横剖面与纵剖面的变化.平均粒径38mm的等值线,在砾潍上呈现出随时间变化而向海的方向推移.由于砾石在3年中的磨损有限,砾石特征参数的空间变化主要是由于海洋异常动力变化,而促使砾石的组成及结构发生急剧调整的结果.海滩砾石调整事件可能与2007年3月的特大风暴潮有关.