三峡库区土地利用对河流溶解性有机质的多时空尺度影响

三峡库区拥有目前世界上规模最大的水利枢纽工程,自投入使用以来,为长江流域提供了丰富的水源及电力,促进了经济的发展,但同时也对该区域的生态环境造成了严重的冲击。澎溪河流域作为三峡库区长江流域干流的典型回水区和消落带,是众多学者研究三峡库区生态环境变化的重点区域。为探究不同时空尺度下土地利用对河流溶解性有机质（DOM）的影响,以澎溪河流域为研究对象,基于紫外-可见光谱分析和三维荧光光谱矩阵-平行因子分析,结合河段缓冲区、河岸带缓冲区及子流域3种空间尺度的二级土地利用类型,解析了旱雨季水体DOM的组成及来源特征,并采用相关分析和冗余分析方法探讨了3种空间尺度下土地利用方式对旱雨季水体DOM的多时空尺度影响。结果表明：（1）旱季水体DOM荧光组分以陆源类腐殖质所占比例更大,雨季水体DOM荧光组分以富里酸贡献为主。（2）流域内陆源输入和内源产生对水体DOM丰度均有贡献,雨季较旱季水体DOM的陆源性更强,自生源特征较弱。（3）土地利用在雨季和子流域尺度下对水体DOM的影响更显著,其中,雨季子流域尺度下,土地利用指数对水体DOM参数的解释率为90.35%。（4）不同土地利用方式对水体DOM产生的影响...     

新10号泉溶解气的变化特征及与地震的对应关系

对新疆新10号泉溶解气的变化特征进行了研究。通过对13组MS≥4.6地震的分析可以看出:(1)深、浅源气体的异常形态和异常时间有所差别;(2)不同气体各有其异常特点,同源气体的同步性很好。在所统计的13组15次地震中,来自深源的CH4、He震前发生异常次数分别是11次和10次,两者同步的有9次,它们异常起始时间接近,异常形态都表现为趋势性中短期异常;来自浅源的Ar、N2映震率接近,15次地震前Ar异常有4次,N2异常为3次,两者同步性好,以高值异常为主,短临异常明显;来自深、浅源的混合气体CO2多表现为趋势性高值中短期异常,在恢复背景值的过程中发震。     

湖泊中溶解氧极大值之成因

本文对位于台湾南部两个次高海拔湖泊－大鬼湖及万山神池进行研究,并试图探讨此二无明显进,出水口之封闭型湖泊中,水体溶解氧垂直分布出现极大值之成因,此二次高海拔湖泊地处偏远,人烟罕至,因此较不受人为干扰,为研究湖泊水体中种种自然作用的良好对象,大鬼湖平均水深约14.8m,最深处约40m,降冬季外,水体均有分层现象,1988年夏季资料显示,水深16m以下水体趋于无氧状态,且于此深度以上的溶氧饱和值,均接近当地的大气饱和值（约78％）,经各种资料推断,此极大值的成因,除水团乃于春季时留下主溶氧值之外,应综合了季节增温效应下使表水向下温合的物理作用（尤其是山区明显的口,夜温差所引起的表水冷却向下混合作用,且其混合深度随季节增温而逐步变浅）,消耗溶解氧的生物作用及跃层存在等影响因素,而非单纯的物理或生物作用所造成,1991年4月万山神池观测资料显示,湖水平均深度约8m,最深可达14m ,其氧饱和程序分布在80％－104％之间,表水接近近当地饱和值（78％）,而于1.5m处往下增加,于2m处有溶解氧及和程度极大值,比当时大气饱合值高约20％,此极大值深度与叶绿素a极大值深度相吻合,主要由生物之光合作用造成,此外,于此深度pH值亦有明显增加现象,更证实了生物作用的存在,此二湖环境背景相似,且水泥中均出现溶氧极大值,但二者间极大值却有不同的成因,经曲两不同成因的比较,将可提供许多相关研究资料。     

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in Coastal Waters of Jiangsu Province

Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is one of important ocean color factors. In the background of “Jiangsu Coastal Development”, it is important to monitor the water quality and pollution status of coastal waters by analyzing its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics with remote sensing data. This paper was based on the high temporal resolution of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) image downloaded from Korea Ocean Satellite Center. The temporal-spatial distribution of CDOM in Jiangsu coastal waters was analyzed on daily, weekly and monthly time scales from April, 2011 to May, 2016. CDOM in Jiangsu coastal waters are mainly terrigenous, and higher inshore than that of offshore. The monthly average concentration of CDOM in the western coast of the South Yellow Sea was 0.167~0.201 m^-1, and those of central and southern regions were 0.086~0.187m^-1. The maximum values were outside the maximum turbidity zone of the Yangtze River Estuary, which was 0.180~0.206 m^-1 (absorption coefficient at 440 nm). The diurnal variation of CDOM in near shore waters was found to coincide with the change of tide, which decreased at first and then increased in the sea area. By fitting the monthly mean using cosine function, significantly cyclical variation of mean CDOM was found in the South Yellow Sea. The central region of the South Yellow Sea waters fitting coefficient was 0.823. Affected by the Yellow Sea cold water mass, the sub-regions of the South Yellow Sea changed seasonally, whose CDOM concentration in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn. Because of Changjiang Diluted Water and other water masses, seasonal variation of the Yangtze River Estuary was contrary to that of the South Yellow Sea. On monthly scale, CDOM concentration was positively correlated with total suspended matter, with correlation coefficient r being 0.72. The trend of the central and southern region was more significant.     

Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs

Here we report on an investigation of the three-dimensional excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of unconcentrated water samples collected in 1996, 1998 and 1999 at a site particularly propitious for macro-algae development. The degradation of these macro-algae was studied to determine the influence of their exudates on natural water EEM fluorescence spectra. This work demonstrates that biological activity is one of the major factors involved in the formation of the blue-shifted fluorescence band observed in marine waters (β component Ex/Em=310–320 nm/380–410 nm); our study also shows that fluorescence can be used to evaluate the biological activity both quantitatively and to determine its different phases.     

贵州岑巩县注溪钒矿地质特征

本文根据该矿区所获地质勘查成果资料,通过初步综合分析,总结描述了矿区基本地质及矿床地质特征,提出区内划分留茶坡组（Z∈ lc）与九门冲组（∈1jm）分界及钒矿层（体）对比的标志层,对指导该区找矿及勘查工作具有一定意义。     

湖南古丈县双溪钒矿床地质特征及成矿机制初探

湖南双溪钒矿床产于寒武系下统木昌组,赋矿岩层为一套富含有机质的硅、磷、碳组合的黑色岩系.钒矿（V2O5）的品位为0.61%~1.51%,矿石主要分为3种类型：黑色碳硅质岩-页岩型、含磷结核页岩型及页岩型.钒的赋存状态主要有吸附态和类质同象态.通过对成岩、成矿的研究,初步认为双溪钒矿为海底喷气热水溶液同生沉积生成.     

南秦岭北大巴山地区黑色岩系型钒钼矿床地质特征及成因

南秦岭与黑色岩系有关的钒钼矿床分布有南、北2个带,在北带山阳、商南一带分布有水沟钒矿床等一系列中大型矿床。近年来在南带镇坪县一带发现了唐家桠子钒钼矿床,研究认为南秦岭北大巴山地区黑色岩系中主要分布有K1、K2、K3、K4等4个含矿层,其中K1、K2含矿层发育于震旦纪陡山沱组（Z1d1）,K3、K4含矿层发育于下寒武统鲁家坪组（∈1l）。钒钼矿体总体呈层状、似层状产出,与地层围岩产状一致。含钒钼矿层的硅质岩、碳质泥岩、泥岩夹碳酸盐岩黑色岩系地球化学特征显示成矿物质来源与海底热水、生物沉积、陆缘碎屑等。矿床的形成与海底喷流热水沉积作用、生物沉积作用密切相关,钒钼矿体总体形成于深水-半深水缺氧的还原环境,矿床成因类型为沉积型。