In vivo neutralization assays by monoclonal antibodies against white spot syndrome virus in crayfish(Cambarus proclarkii)

The neutralizing activities of eight monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） against white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） （2D2, 2B2,1D2, 1D5, 1C2, 4A1, 6A4 and 6B4） were analyzed by in vivo experiments. Gills from WSSV-infected shrimp were homogenized and ten-fold serially diluted by PBS, and then incubated with MAbs （hybridoma culture supernatant）, respectively. The mixture of WSSV and MAbs were injected into crayfish （Procambarus clarkii）. After challenge, the death rates of crayfish were counted to determine the neutralizing activities of MAbs. At the same time, the mixture of myeloma culture supernatant and WSSV or PBS was served as positive or negative control, respectively. The results showed that, at each virus dilution, the mean time to death of the crayfish injected with MAb-treated virus was significantly longer than that in the positive control, though they all showed 100% mortality within 25 d, and meanwhile, few crayfish died in the negative control. Among the eight MAbs, 2D2, 2B2, 1D2 and 1D5, especially the former two, delayed the mortality significantly, and 1 C2, 4A1 and 6A4 delayed the mortality as well but not so efficiently, while MAb 6IM was efficient only when the virus concentration increased. The results indicated that the anti-WSSV MAbs can neutralize WSSV in different virus dilutions.     

原位杂交技术在斜带石斑鱼神经坏死病毒检测中的应用

根据斜带石斑鱼（Epinephelus coioids）神经坏死病毒（orang-spotted nervous necrosis virus,0GNNV）的主衣壳蛋白（major capsid protein,MCP）基因的保守序列,设计一对引物,从感染0GNNV的斜带石斑鱼组织匀浆液提取RNA为模板进行RT-PCR扩增,得到426bp的cDNA片断。用得到的RT-PCR产物加上地高辛（DIG）标记作为核酸探针。通过注射病毒提取液人工感染一组斜带石斑鱼,解剖感染病毒的斜带石斑鱼,从中分离出脑和眼睛,运用原位杂交技术检测组织中的OGNNV。实验表明,原位杂交具有较高的灵敏性和特异性,可以用原位杂交的办法来检测养殖的石斑鱼是否有携带该病毒,达到监控和预防神经坏死病爆发的目的。本实验还采用了H＆E染色方法检测了感染NNV的石斑鱼脑部和眼部组织,观察细胞内的坏死部分。与原位杂交做对比,提高了检测的可靠性和准确性。本实验建立的石斑鱼神经坏死病毒的ISH检测方法有着较高的特异性和敏感性,易于操作,有助于石斑鱼神经坏死病毒的组织定位、发病机理的研究。     

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments and core sediments of the Shenzhen Bay in Guangdong Province, China

The concentration of zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper was measured on both surface sediments and core sediments in the Shenzhen Bay. The average contents of all metals have exceeded the background values in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. Cadmium is a heavy pollution matter which indicates a strong pollution level according to the ecological risk coefficient method. The ecological risk index of the whole area is 299 which belongs to middle and strong level. The area with strong pollution level is the near shore area closing to the inside of Shenzhen Bay, Shakou area is in the middle level while the weak pollution level occurs in Shenzhenhe Estuary according to ecological risk index. The four sediment cores can be divided into two parts based on lead-210 dating, sediments size analysis and economic development period in surrounding areas since 1950 with strong human intervention. The sediment size, deposition rate and human activities have positive relationship with the contents of heavy metals which directly impact the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments in Shenzhen Bay.     

Practical kinetic modeling of petroleum generation and expulsion

Models for petroleum generation used by the industry are often limited by (a) sub-optimal laboratory pyrolysis methods for studying hydrocarbon generation, (b) over-simple models of petroleum generation, (c) inappropriate mathematical methods to derive kinetic parameters by fitting laboratory data, (d) primitive models of primary migration/expulsion and its coupling with petroleum generation, and (e) insufficient use of subsurface data to constrain the models. Problems (a), (b) and (c) lead to forced compensation effects between the activation energies and frequency factors of reaction kinetics that are wholly artificial, and which yield poor extrapolations to geological conditions. Simple switch or adsorption models of expulsion are insufficient to describe the residence time of species in source rocks. Yet, the residence time controls the thermal stresses to which the species are subjected for cracking to lighter species.     

广东博贺澙湖潮滩的冲淤变化及其动力作用分析

基于遥感技术,对反映17 a来博贺澙湖的5景遥感影像定量反演潮滩水边线,在此基础上推算澙湖潮滩的沉积与冲刷速率,同时对引起潮滩变化的动力作用进行探讨,结果表明博贺澙湖的潮滩以淤展为主,其中处于开敞地段的澙湖潮滩出现冲刷,遮蔽岸段的澙湖潮滩淤积,控制澙湖潮滩变化的主要因子是包括圈围潮滩成盐田、虾池以及鱼塘等的人类活动.     

桩板组合结构的技术特点及应用

介绍了桩板组合结构的组成和特点,及其在实际工程中的应用。该结构可作为滩海地区进海路路堤、人工岛护壁、保滩促淤丁坝和离岸堤主体结构。     

2004 年夏初、秋末长江口外海区冲淡水及羽状锋的盐度特征

用国家海洋局东海环境监测中心2004年夏初（6月）和秋末（11月）对长江口外海区现场观测资料,用Matlab计算机编程语言对观测资料进行质量控制、插值网格化,绘制研究海区盐度立体分布图,显示夏初、秋末两季的盐度分布特征。将2004年夏、秋两季长江口外海区冲淡水和羽状锋的分布与以往观测研究结果对比,可得：（1）长江口外海区冲淡水的盐度值主要在5—31之间,冲淡水前缘盐度锋面的盐度值为18—28;盐度值20—28的盐度锋面基本体现该海区羽状锋的特征及变化。（2）夏初长江口外海区冲淡水范围明显大于秋末,夏初该海区以冲淡水为主,秋末冲淡水的范围收缩,紧贴沿岸一带。相应地,夏初该海区羽状锋呈倾斜锋面,占据较大的海区;秋末则为垂直锋面,介于122．50°E-122．70°E海区。     

长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属元素含量分布及其影响因素

根据2003和2006年长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物样品的粒度组成和元素铬、铜、镍、铅、锌、铝、钙和锶的含量,分析了重金属元素含量的分布特征,探讨了含量的变化趋势及其对人类活动的响应。自2003年三峡工程一期蓄水完成到2006年6月,长江输沙量逐年减少,长江口海域沉积物中黏土的百分含量明显增加,但是沉积物分布的总体格局并没有发生明显的变化。重金属元素大多在泥质区沉积物中富集,高值区沿岸线呈带状分布,在最大浑浊带和口外羽状锋处达到峰值。在长江大量物质输入的背景下,研究区沉积物中重金属元素含量相对其他类似河口较低。河流的陆源颗粒输入、水动力条件、细颗粒物质的吸附以及絮凝作用是控制沉积物中重金属元素含量分布的主要因素,氧化还原条件也对重金属元素含量变化有一定的影响。人类活动(重大工程的建设和人为污染)对长江口外泥质区中重金属元素含量有重要影响,尤其对铅和锌的含量及其分布的影响显著。自2003年三峡工程一期蓄水以来,长江口海域表层沉积物中重金属元素沉积机制未有明显的变化,但是重金属元素含量有逐渐降低的趋势。     

台风作用下的港湾型潮滩沉积过程 以2008年“凤凰”台风对福建省罗源湾的影响为例

通过对"凤凰"台风的现场观测和沉积物样品的分析,结果表明,在台风影响下潮水淹没时间增长,增水达1.1 m;台风期间互花米草盐沼内流速变化较复杂,而且盐沼内部流速大于盐沼边缘的;台风期间盐沼边缘潮周期平均悬沙含量是台风前2 d的7倍;台风期间十分之一波高最大为1.54 m。滩面重复测量结果显示,台风登陆期间整个光滩滩面都发生了侵蚀,盐沼内部有部分地区发生侵蚀,侵蚀深度为4.5~5.5 cm,盐沼边缘的侵蚀深度仅为0.7 cm,侵蚀原因主要是植被在风浪作用下从根部折断,从而带走了滩面的沉积物;随着台风强度的减弱,整个滩面均接受悬沙沉降;台风带来的强降雨是影响滩面沉积物活动的重要因素。     

黄河口粉质土沉积物侵蚀性动态变化试验研究

通过一系列室内试验,研究了黄河口粉质类沉积物在循环动荷载作用后侵蚀性的变化.在试验中,采用真空预压固结装置制备重塑土样,采用液压伺服土动三轴试验机实现了不同幅值及不同振次的动荷载作用条件,并通过动三轴静态试验及贯入强度测试,测定了动荷载作用后土样强度的变化.通过水槽冲刷试验测试了不同条件的动荷载作用后,土样抗冲刷能力的变化,并进行了临界剪切应力的计算.试验结果表明:对于黄河口粉质类沉积物,动荷载作用后其强度及抗侵蚀性均降低;沉积物强度指标(不排水剪切强度、残余强度、贯入阻力)、侵蚀性指标(起动流速、临界剪切应力、冲刷率)与动荷载幅值、动荷载振次均呈现出较好的线性相关性.