Diagenetic Sequences Analysis of Fuyu Reservoir in

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青藏高原土壤中一株原油降解菌的作用机制探究

分别采用原油和丙酮酸作为碳源培养Pedobacter steynii DX4细胞,采用Illumina高通量测序技术对两种碳源条件下细胞的转录组进行测序,测序数据拼接组装后共得到7 693个Unigene,其中有5 017个Unigene获得CDS注释。对Unigene进行筛选共获得1 195个差异表达基因,约占Unigene总数的15.5%,对差异表达基因进行功能分析发现,在原油为碳源的生长条件下,DX4细胞中Luciferase-like monooxygenase基因和卤代烷脱氢酶基因表达水平显著提高,这两个基因可能在DX4细胞中催化烷烃末端氧化反应。KEGG分析显示,以原油为碳源的DX4细胞中的脂肪酸降解途径中发现了8个UPDEGs、苯酸盐降解途径中发现了10个UPDEGs,揭示了细胞对原油中烷烃和芳香烃类物质的降解通路。此外,关于信号处理、物质转运、胞外多糖合成以及细胞趋向运动代谢途径的基因表达水平上调,表明DX4细胞可能依赖细胞趋向运动和合成生物表面活性物质来辅助原油降解。     

Petrography and geochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene limestones in the Ching-dar syncline, eastern Iran

The Ching-dar syncline is located to the west of the city of Birjand, in the east of han. The ca. 500 m thick studied section at the eastern flank of the syncline contains a sequence of almost continuous shallow- marine limestones that exhibit no major sedimentary breaks or evidence for volcanic activity. Skeletal grains consist of large benthic foraminifera and green algae whereas non-skeletal grains are mostly peloids and intraclasts. They were deposited on a shallow-marine carbonate ramp. The limestones have undergone extensive diagenetic processes with varying intensities, the most important of which are micritization, cementation, compaction （chemical and mechanical）, internal filling and stylolitization. Chemical analysis of the limestone samples revealed high calcium and low magnesium content. Major and minor element values were used to determine the original carbonate mineralogy of these lime- stones. Petrographic evidence and elemental values indicate that calcite was the original carbonate mineral in the limestones of the Ching-dar syncline. The elemental composition of the Ching-dar car- bonates also demonstrates that they have stabilized in a meteoric phreatic environment. Variation of Sr/ Ca vs. Mn values suggests that diagenetic alteration occurred in an open geochemical system.     

投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) PI3K信号通路及糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响

适宜的投喂频率能提高对虾的代谢和免疫能力,加快生长,实现提质增效的目标。为探讨不同投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)糖代谢及相关信号通路的影响,以(7.6±1.0) g的凡纳滨对虾为实验材料,设置2、3、4、6次/d,共4个投喂频率处理组,每组设3个平行,实验持续14 d,实验结束时取样,测定PI3K信号通路相关因子PI3K、Akt、HIF-1α、mTOR,代谢酶基因中HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK、FBP、PEPCK,葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1、GLUT2 mRNA表达水平的变化。结果发现:随着投喂频率的增加, PI3K信号通路关键基因表达的水平显著上升(P<0.05),其中6次/d投喂组PI3K、Akt、HIF-1α和mTOR表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05), 4次/d投喂组mTOR表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05);代谢关键酶基因HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK、FBP、PEPCK的表达水平随投喂频率的增加而增加,其中6次/d投喂组糖酵解HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK酶基因表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05), 3、4和6次/d投喂组糖异生酶FBP表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05),葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT2在2、3、6次/d投喂频率处理组显著高于4次/d频率投喂组(P<0.05)。得出结论认为较高的投喂频率可以通过激活凡纳滨对虾糖代谢酶基因、糖转运蛋白及PI3K信号通路的表达来提高糖代谢水平。     

Meeting the EU 2°C climate target: global and regional emission implications

Abstract

This article presents a set of multi-gas emission pathways for different CO₂-equivalent concentration stabilization levels, i.e. 400, 450, 500 and 550 ppm CO₂-equivalent, along with an analysis of their global and regional reduction implications and implied probability of achieving the EU climate target of 2°C. For achieving the 2°C target with a probability of more than 60%, greenhouse gas concentrations need to be stabilized at 450 ppm CO₂-equivalent or below, if the 90% uncertainty range for climate sensitivity is believed to be 1.5–4.5°C. A stabilization at 450 ppm CO₂-equivalent or below (400 ppm) requires global emissions to peak around 2015, followed by substantial overall reductions of as much as 25% (45% for 400 ppm) compared to 1990 levels in 2050. In 2020, Annex I emissions need to be approximately 15% (30%) below 1990 levels, and non-Annex I emissions also need to be reduced by 15–20% compared to their baseline emissions. A further delay in peaking of global emissions by 10 years doubles maximum reduction rates to about 5% per year, and very probably leads to high costs. In order to keep the option open of stabilizing at 400 and 450 ppm CO₂-equivalent, the USA and major advanced non-Annex I countries will have to participate in the reductions within the next 10–15 years.     

锶同位素地层学研究进展

锶同位素地层学（SIS）根据地质历史中的任何时间全球范围内海水的 锶同位素组成都是均一的，海水87Sr/86Sr比值随时间变化这一基本原理，利用代表原始海水的海相碳酸盐（以及磷酸盐和硫酸盐）的87Sr/86Sr比值确定海相地层的年代，研究海平面变化，造山运动，古气候等全球事件，在地层学，沉积学，石油地质学和矿床学等领域中有着广泛的应用前景，同位素地层学已在世界范围内得到地质学家的普遍关注，并已获得迅速的发展，国内的有关研究则刚刚起步，锶同位素地层学研究的难点主要在于对样品成岩蚀变的挖掘和分析技术上，同时还需要有良好的地层学研究基础，在样品选择上应充分考虑其原始组分的抗成岩蚀变能力，锶同位素地层学的研究需要地层学家，沉积学家和地球化学家的共同努力。     

Diagenesis of Clastic Reservoirs: Advances and Prospects

Along with the widely used experimental testing technology within 40 years,a number of significant knowledge and results have been achieved in diagenesis of clastic reservoirs an important branch of sedimentology and basin research,which has promoted the exploration and development of hydrocarbon bearing basins. This article encompasses the knowledge system to start an overview of the concept and research history of diagenesis, and to collate some representative classification viewpoints of clastic diagenetic stage. Several advances in recent theoretical and applied aspects of diagenesis, which have enriched the systems and technology series, have been introduced and summarized, including: ① improvement of alkaline diagenesis theory; ② increasingly widespread application in numerical simulation of clastic diagenesis; ③ rapid development of diagenesis within the framework of sequence stratigraphy or depositional facies; ④ preliminary investigation of structural diagenesis; ⑤ in-depth quantitative evaluation of diagenetic facies. Additionally, the research trends of the discipline system of diagenesis should be closely combined and discussed with diagenesis of tight sandstone reservoirs, diagenesis and its temporal properties of hierarchical systems, quantitative research of diagenesis, and integration of diagenesis and other fields. Frontier research and development directions have been prospected in order to bring forward further development of diagenesis, which is benefit for the forecasting and evaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon bearing clastic reservoirs.     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起沙湾组油藏输导体系研究

新近系沙湾组是准噶尔盆地车排子凸重要的油气富集层位。在对沙湾组油藏分布、油性进行分析的基础上,结合前 人研究成果,将沙湾组油气的成藏过程分为两个阶段：古油藏阶段和次生调整阶段,并分别论述各阶段的输导体系及其时 空组合关系。古油藏阶段主要发育白垩系底部不整合面和红车断裂带同生逆断层组成的输导体系,研究区北部的白垩系底 面不整合有效输导厚度大,向西逐渐减薄为0;同生逆断裂是控制红车断裂带发育演化的主干断裂,形成时间早,断距 大。次生调整阶段则发育有沙湾组一段底部砂体、红车断裂带后生正断层、艾卡断裂带、凸起之上新近系张性断裂组成的 输导体系,沙一段砂体在凸起之上分布广泛,沉积连续而稳定,呈“毯状”自南向北逐渐减薄,做为最底部的砂体层,是 该阶段主要的横向输导体系;新近纪末期红车断裂带发育了一期正断裂,断裂活动强度大且规模较大,凸起之上则发育一 期与红车断裂带后生正断层同期形成的新近系正断层,凸起南部四棵树凹陷的艾卡断裂活动期长、断距大、延伸远,这些 断层构成了次生调整阶段的纵向输导体系。利用运移通道指数（MPI） 及颗粒荧光定量分析（QGF） 分别预测了白垩系底 不整合面及沙一段毯状砂体的优势运移区。平面上将运移通道指数在0.3以上的区域作为不整合输导层的优势运移区,将 QGF指数值大于3.8的区域作为沙一段毯状砂体的优势运移区。通过分析多套输导体系在油气成藏的不同阶段的空间组合以 及油气分布与输导体系的关系,明确了输导体系对油气成藏的控制作用,预测609井区具备油气输导的有利条件,可作为 下步勘探目标区。     

Benzo[a]pyrene modulates the biotransformation,DNA damage and cortisol level of red sea bream challenged with lipopolysaccharide

In animals, biotransformation and the immune system interact with each other, however, knowledge of the toxic mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on these two systems is not well known. The present study investigated the toxic effects of BaP on the biotransformation system, cortisol level and DNA integrity of red sea bream (Pagrus major). The results showed that cortisol level was induced under the challenge of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Short-term exposure (96 h) of BaP at environmental concentration significantly increased the cortisol level, hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A1 mRNA expression. When P. major was exposed to BaP for 14 d followed by LPS challenge this increased the cortisol level, EROD activity and hepatic DNA damage except CYP1A1 mRNA expression. Combined with our previous data, which showed that BaP exposure can modulate the immunologic response in P. major challenged with LPS, a hypothetical adverse outcome pathway of BaP on fish was suggested.     

基于流体势约束的潜山油气二次运移优势方向选择--以胜利油田桩海地区古生界潜山为例

结合胜利油田桩海地区古生界潜山的油气勘探成果及勘探中存在的问题,定量模拟了其流体势场,并结合输导体系的发育特征,分析了潜山油气二次运移的优势方向.研究表明,油气的二次运移始于排烃后的油汇位置,运移方向宏观上主要受流体势场特征(流体势高低和流体势平面等值线形态等因素)的控制,同时受输导体系的影响,在平面上呈现出有限几个优势方向.对于不整合面发育的潜山,对不整合面分布特征(区域性和局部性)的分析是输导体系研究的前提,在区域不整合面发育的潜山中,输导体系的影响主要体现在断层和碳酸盐岩输导层两个方面,而局部不整合面的存在可以较强地影响优势运移方向.