UDEC软件对矿山采空区崩塌过程进行应力分布的研究

为了研究矿山采空区坡体的应力(裂隙)分布情况,并对崩塌过程分析进行检验,本文采用离散元数值软件(UDEC)对纳雍县张家湾镇普洒煤矿采煤过程中覆岩裂隙发生、发展及其变化过程进行模拟。结果表明:随着煤层开采的推进,覆岩裂隙向上发展且密度逐渐增多;由于采空区范围过大时,部分被重新压实,裂隙发育至地表形成开切眼;最后在外力作用下整条裂缝垂直贯通,形成危岩体的发展规律,可为类似的矿山地质灾害防治提供基础依据。     

薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征及开发应用前景

通过对薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征分析,阐述了该矿床的成因类型,为中酸性侵入岩型。钾长石矿严格受沿断裂侵入的燕山期碱性正长岩小岩株控制,通过岩浆结晶分离作用而形成,区内矿体基本裸露于地表,地表出露体呈零星分布,矿体形态均不规则。矿体的主要矿物为钾长石,次要矿物为石英、条纹长石、绢云母、黑云母、角闪石,副矿物为黄铁矿、磁铁矿。矿石自然类型为碱性正长岩型,工业类型为玻璃及建筑陶瓷用钾长石矿,开发利用方向为玻璃及建筑陶瓷工业原料。     

城市和城市群可持续发展指数研究进展

21世纪是城市的世纪,城市的高质量发展对区域和全球可持续发展至关重要。中国城市化发展迅速,城市化率从1978年的17.9%增加到2019年的60.6%,2030年将达到70%,大部分人口居住在城市。城市是中国经济发展的引擎,以全国近7%的土地面积生产了70%的国内生产总值(GDP),而城市群更是集聚了全国大部分城镇人口和GDP。因此,城市和城市群的健康与可持续性将决定中国未来发展的质量与进程。识别城市和城市群发展的程度、存在的问题以及国内外差距,亟需进行城市可持续发展的评价。本研究系统综述了城市可持续发展评价的思想与指标体系的发展历程,重点基于联合国可持续发展目标(SDG)框架考察了开展城市可持续发展评价的方法,提出了构建城市和城市群可持续发展指数的途径,并从平台构建、大数据基础、跟踪发布等方面提出了推进城市可持续发展指数评价建立城市发展“仪表盘”的思路。基于联合国SDG框架的城市和城市群可持续发展指数可为目标城市对标其他城市、开展不同区域城市的对比、找准发展目标与识别存在问题等方面提供重要支撑。     

A digital earth platform for sustainability

ABSTRACT

Based on the experience of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), this paper describes some challenges foreseen in order to develop a Digital Earth platform that can support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The use of ready-to-use derived geospatial information is essential. Future Earth’s methodology of ‘co-design’ aims to bring together natural, social scientists and decision makers to plan and carry out research for sustainability. Sustainability implies transdisciplinary research, but in order for scientists of different disciplines to work together, they will need to be able to share, access and use common data. This is by far not simple! While the good will to share data might exist, the associated technological, ethical and privacy issues are difficult to solve. An adequate e-infrastructure will be required. ISDE could consider to use the SDGs is the basis to develop the desired Digital Earth platform. This paper, by no means, covers everything for a Digital Earth platform, it aims to trigger research discussions and to have a good view about a starting point.     

我国地理科学跨世纪发展的五点意见

今后20年是我国地理科学跨世纪发展的奠基期和开拓期。就端正学科发展认识、建立地理科学体系、加强系统分析能力、巩固城市—区域发展研究领域和地理学工作者本身的调整等五个方面的问题发表了意见。     

岩土勘察与盐湖卤水矿产开发

通过对盐湖地区岩土类型复杂性及特性的叙述,分析了盐湖矿产开发中不良地质现象产生的原因和岩土条件对开发规模、工程布局、工程安全、经济效益等方面产生的影响。论述岩土工程勘察在盐湖矿产开发中的特殊地位和重要价值,总结出岩土勘察与盐湖卤水矿产开发的关系,提出盐湖岩土勘察方案的相关建议。     

Learning from CDM SD tool experience for Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement (PA) emphasizes the intrinsic relationship between climate change and sustainable development (SD) and welcomes the 2030 agenda for the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, there is a lack of assessment approaches to ensure that climate and development goals are achieved in an integrated fashion and trade-offs avoided. Article 6.4 of the PA introduces a new Sustainable Mitigation Mechanism (SMM) with the dual aim to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and foster SD. The Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has a similar objective and in 2014, the CDM SD tool was launched by the Executive Board of the CDM to highlight the SD benefits of CDM activities. This article analyses the usefulness of the CDM SD tool for stakeholders and compares the SD tool’s SD reporting requirements against other flexible mechanisms and multilateral standards to provide recommendations for improvement. A key conclusion is that the Paris Agreement’s SMM has a stronger political mandate than the CDM to measure that SD impacts are ‘real, measurable and long-term’. Recommendations for an improved CDM SD tool are a relevant starting point to develop rules, modalities, and procedures for SD assessment in Article 6.4 as well as for other cooperative mitigation approaches.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Research findings are relevant for developing the rulebook of modalities and procedures for Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement, which introduces a new mechanism for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable development. Lessons learnt from the CDM SD tool and recommendations for enhanced SD assessment are discussed in context of Article 6 cooperative approaches, and make a timely contribution to inform negotiations on the rulebook agreed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.     

引潮位展开中的面球谐函数及其递推公式

为了引潮位展开,文中定义了一种完全规格化的面球谐函数,同时根据勒让德（Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅ）函数以及契比雪夫（Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ）多项式之递推公式,导出一组面球谐函数的递推公式．据此改进引潮位计算程序,使引潮位展开在ＰＣ－５８６计算机上只需要不到１０ｍｉｎ时间即可完成．完全规格化的面球谐函数可以起到规格化的作用,没有必要再继续采用杜德森（Ｄｏｏｄｓｏｎ）规格化．即使采用,也没有必要使用严格的小数值,取其相近的整数值即可．以完全规格化的缔合球谐函数代替Ｄｏｏｄｓｏｎ规格化,并借助面球谐函数的递推公式,使引潮位的表达式更加简洁、规范．文中对高精度潮汐计算中的一些重要问题进行了讨论,指出以往在Ｄｏｏｄｓｏｎ常数归算上存在的误区,还就天体与测站坐标系统的一致性问题进行了讨论．     

湖南氧化金矿资源特征及其利用现状存在问题与对策

本文阐述了湖南氧化金矿资源的分布、矿床类型及其地质特征,总结了近年来我省氧化金矿资源勘查和利用方面所取得的成就,找出了其中存在的主要问题,探讨了加速勘查和开发氧化金矿资源的对策与措施。     

真鲷仔鱼早期阶段的摄食能力──发育反应和功能反应

于１９９５年４月￣１９９６年５月在中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所小麦岛苗种基地,采用梯度试验方法在不同褶皱臂尾轮虫饵料密度下２￣１２日龄真鲷仔鱼的摄食率和摄食强度,通过拟合发育反应和功能反应模型模型的数据来评价真鲷仔鱼早期阶段的摄食能力。结果表明,从仔鱼开口２日龄至１２日龄,摄食强度从０．３１６μｇ／ｈ提高到１．３７４μｇ／ｈ;摄食成功率从５９％提高到７０％,平均摄食发生率从０．４６９μ ｇ／ｈ