浙江地区2015年冬季首场降雪的气象特征及双偏振雷达回波特征分析

基于3 h间隔的浙江快速更新同化模式资料、常规探空资料和临安双偏振雷达资料反演产品对浙江地区2015年12月5日的首场降雪过程的特征进行了分析,得到了较高的云顶高度、较低的云顶温度、较低的零度层高度、较低的低层平均温度、稳定的底层冷平流以及特殊的地形是浙西北地区在较高的地表温度情况下易形成降雪的原因;同时对临安双偏振雷达产品资料进行了分析,首次提出浙江地区此类降雪的双偏振雷达产品特征,并得到了判别阈值.希望借助两方面的研究来减少此类降雪天气的漏报率和可预报性.     

基础隔震单层偏心结构扭转地震反应分析

采用微分型滞回恢复力模型模拟隔震支座的恢复力特性，对基础隔震单层偏心结构的扭转地震反应进行分析，研究隔震系统偏心距和上部结构偏心距对结构扭转反应的影响。结果表明，采用隔震技术可以显著降低隔震结构的扭转地震反应。     

塔里木盆地多期改造-晚期定型复合构造与油气战略选区

受关键构造变革期制约,叠合盆地具有分期差异变形特征。从变形角度分析,塔里木盆地可以追溯出5期主要的构造改造作用,即加里东中期、加里东晚期-海西早期、海西晚期、印支-燕山期和喜马拉雅期,并影响塔里木盆地的发展演化历史。通过对塔北、塔中和库车已知油气聚集区解剖表明:古生代多期改造形成的断裂、褶皱、隆升、剥蚀和岩溶作用,对台盆区巨型海相碳酸盐岩古岩溶油气藏的形成具有重要的控制作用;中、新生代多期改造过程,对前陆褶皱-冲断带大规模油气聚集成藏具有重要的控制作用;这些已知油气聚集区带都是在喜马拉雅晚期最终定型的,总体构成多期改造-晚期定型复合构造油气聚集模式。综合分析了塔里木新区分期差异构造变形特征,在此基础上,依据叠合盆地多期改造-晚期定型构造模式,对塔里木新区进行了区块评价和油气战略选区,认为巴楚隆起、麦盖提斜坡和西昆仑山前褶皱-冲断带是近期油气勘探突破的首选地区,塔东地区、塘古巴斯坳陷和阿瓦提断陷具有良好的油气勘探前景。     

A Comparison of De-noising Methods for Differential Phase Shift and Associated Rainfall Estimation

Measured differential phase shift ΦDP is known to be a noisy unstable polarimetric radar variable, such that the quality of ΦDP data has direct impact on specific differential phase shift KDP estimation, and subsequently, the KDP-based rainfall estimation. Over the past decades, many ΦDP de-noising methods have been developed; however, the de-noising effects in these methods and their impact on KDP-based rainfall estimation lack comprehensive comparative analysis. In this study, simulated noisy ΦDP data were generated and de-noised by using several methods such as finite-impulse response(FIR), Kalman, wavelet,traditional mean, and median filters. The biases were compared between KDP from simulated and observedΦDP radial profiles after de-noising by these methods. The results suggest that the complicated FIR, Kalman,and wavelet methods have a better de-noising effect than the traditional methods. After ΦDP was de-noised,the accuracy of the KDP-based rainfall estimation increased significantly based on the analysis of three actual rainfall events. The improvement in estimation was more obvious when KDP was estimated with ΦDP de-noised by Kalman, FIR, and wavelet methods when the average rainfall was heavier than 5 mm h-1.However, the improved estimation was not significant when the precipitation intensity further increased to a rainfall rate beyond 10 mm h-1. The performance of wavelet analysis was found to be the most stable of these filters.     

Algorithm for Harmonic Tidal Analysis along T/P Tracks： Taking Differences of Observed Sea Surface Heights at Adjacent Points as Observations

An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observations. Also, the observation equations are constrained with the results of the crossover analysis; the parameter estimations are performed at 0.1° latitude intervals by the least squares. Cycle 10 to 330 T/P altimeter data covering the China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean （2°-50° N,105°-150° E） are adopted for a refined along-track harmonic tidal analysis, and harmonic constants of 12 constituents in 8 474 points are obtained, which indicates that the algorithm can efficiently remove non-tidal effects in the altimeter observations, and improve the precision of tide parameters. Moreover, parameters along altimetry tracks represent a smoother distribution than those obtained by traditional algorithms. The root mean squares of the fitting errors between the tidal height model and the observations reduce from 11 cm to 1.3 cm.     

双偏振雷达差分传播相移的五种滤波方法对比分析

为了对双线偏振雷达的差分传播相移ΦDP进行滤波降噪处理,提高双线偏振雷达识别粒子、估测降水的能力。通过对C波段双线偏振雷达差分传播相移分别采用滑动平均、中值滤波、FIR滤波、卡尔曼滤波和小波分析5种不同方法地介绍,利用中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室移动式C波段双线偏振雷达(POLC)2013年外场试验观测资料,对比分析了经5种方法处理后的差分传播相移ΦDP径向数据,及其分别在降水估测中应用的效果。结果表明:采用FIR滤波方法、卡尔曼滤波方法和小波分析方法对ΦDP径向数据进行处理的效果比传统的滑动平均和中值滤波方法好;其中小波分析处理的ΦDP径向数据波动最小,再经过变距离法拟合的KDP数据的负值能够得到最有效地抑制,最后应用到R(KDP)降水估测中的精度最高。     

基于精确Zoeppritz方程的储层含油气性预测方法

流体指示因子和泊松比作为重要的指标参数在储层含油气性预测中发挥着至关重要的作用,大量学者开展了这两个参数的直接反演研究.然而,现有反演方法主要是以精确Zoeppritz方程的近似公式为正演方程,近似公式诸多的假设条件及较低的计算精度极大地限制了这类方法在复杂储层的应用效果.因此,为了提升储层含油气性预测精度,文中提出了一种新的基于精确Zoeppritz方程的流体因子和泊松比反演方法.首先,借助敏感流体因子定量分析法对现有流体指示因子进行优选,并将传统形式的精确Zoeppritz方程改写为包含该优选流体指示因子和泊松比的新形式.然后,基于新方程构建贝叶斯理论框架下的非线性反演目标函数.同时,为了进一步提升流体因子和泊松比对储层的刻画精度,在假设背景先验模型服从高斯分布的同时引入服从微分拉普拉斯分布的块约束项.最后,借助泰勒级数展开对上述非线性目标函数进行求解.合成数据和油田数据验证结果表明新方法能够稳定合理地估计流体指示因子和泊松比,且精度远高于基于近似公式的传统方法.此外,实际数据测试表明新方法能够有效提升储层含油气性预测精度,降低不确定性.

     

右江盆地流体运移过程中成矿与成藏作用

右江盆地裂陷期和坳陷早期的沉积物提供研究区金矿与古油藏的物质与流体.成矿物质与烃类在盆地流体中沿以二叠纪生物礁为核心的断层、浊积岩及不整合面组成的三维输导体系向盆地边缘及二叠纪生物礁的核部运移.由于烃类物质与盐水体系密度的差异,使烃类物质与成矿物质差异聚集于不同的圈闭中形成流体藏.流体矿藏的破坏是导致成矿物质沉淀形成矿床的直接原因.构造活动、风化剥蚀及流体压裂均可导致流体矿藏破坏,其中燕山构造运动是该区流体藏破坏的主要原因,因而亦是该区金矿成矿作用的主要构造营力.本文从盆地流体运移、演化的角度证明,该区古油藏是盆地裂陷与坳陷阶段流体聚集的产物,而矿床则是盆地挤压抬升阶段流体藏破坏、流体散失的结果.研究成果表明,金矿与油气是同一盆地流体在其不同演化阶段的产物,这对在盆地中寻找相同类型的金属矿产意义重大.     

Tensionless–frictionless interaction of flexible annular foundation with a transversely isotropic multi‐layered half‐space

A transversely isotropic multi‐layered half‐space, with axis of material symmetry perpendicular to the free surface, supports a flexible either annular or solid circle foundation. The contact area of the foundation and the half‐space is considered to be both frictionless and tensionless. The foundation is assumed to be affected by a vertical static axisymmetric load. Detailed analysis of the interaction of these two systems with different thickness of layers is the target of this paper. With the use of ring load Green's functions for both the foundation and the continuum half‐space, an integral equation accompanied with some inequalities is introduced to model the complex BVP. With the incorporation of ring‐shape FEM, we are capable of capturing both regular and singular solution smoothly. The validity of the combination of the analytical and numerical method is proved with comparing the results of this paper with a number of benchmark cases of both linear and nonlinear interaction of circular and annular foundation with half‐space. Some new illustrations are presented to portray the aspect of the anisotropy and layering of the half‐space. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Slope stability analysis using evolutionary optimization techniques

Slope stability optimization, in the presence of a band of a weak layer between two strong layers, is accounted for in complicated geotechnical problems. Classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for solving such problems as they need a proper preliminary solution to converge to a valid result. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper algorithm which is capable of finding the best global solution. Recently a lot of metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed which are able to evade local minima effectively. In this study four evolutionary algorithms, including well‐known and recent ones, such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, evolutionary strategy and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), are applied in slope stability analysis and their efficiencies are explored by three benchmark case studies. Result show BBO is the most efficient among these evolutionary algorithms and other proposed algorithms applied to this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.