不同方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的比较

在一个简化的气相化学模式的基础上，比较了Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ、ＱＳＳＡ、Ｓｋｌａｒｅｗ三种计算方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的差异，并引入误差分配和线性组合两种质量守恒技术，分析它们对模拟结果的影响．研究结果表明：不同方案对有机烃类浓度的计算几乎没有影响，但对其它气态物浓度有一定的影响．用ＱＳＳＡ和Ｓｌａｒｅｗ方案预测的结果更为相近，而采用Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ方案得到的气态物浓度的平衡时间略为提前．从计算效率来看，ＱＳＳＡ方案优于其它两种方案，两种质量守恒技术均能改善模拟结果．     

Large tectonic movement of the Japan Arc in late Cenozoic times inferred from paleomagnetism: Review and synthesis

Abstract Paleomagnetic studies facilitate an understanding of the evolution of the Japan Arc in Cenozoic times from the perspective of tectonic movement. The Japan Arc rifted from the Asian continent in the middle Miocene, while East Asia, including the Japan Arc, moved northward at the same time. The rifting phenomenon of the Japan Arc is described by differential rotation of Southwest and Northeast Japan. Southwest Japan was rotated clockwise through about 45° and Northeast Japan was rotated counter-clockwise through about 40°. This differential rotation occurred concurrently at about 15 Ma. Eighty percent of the rotation was completed during a period of 1.8 million years. These factors lead us to propose a'double door'opening mode with a fast spreading rate of 21 cm/yr for the evolution of the Japan Sea, suggesting that the asthenosphere with a low viscosity was injected beneath the Japan Sea area. The large northward motion of East Asia in relation to Europe is expected from the apparent polar wander path constructed from the paleomagnetic data of the Japan Arc. East Asia may have moved northward by more than 1700 km between 20 Ma and 10 Ma accompanied by a slightly clockwise rotation of 10°. The eastern part of the Eurasian plate was subjected to extreme geodynamic conditions in late Cenozoic times.     

浙东沿海海蚀地貌及其与断块差异运动的关系

本文阐述了浙江东部沿海海蚀地貌的分布特征,认为高位古海蚀地貌是浙江东部一种普遍存在的现象,这些海蚀地貌确系古海面遗迹,但它们今日之分布高度乃是长时期构造抬升作用的结果。同期海蚀地貌的分布高度不同,除在形成时受到各种因素制约外,断块间的差异升降运动也是其影响因素之一。     

Numerical algorithm for the dynamic analysis of base-isolated structures with dry friction

This paper deals with the techniques for solving ordinary differential equations with essential nonlinearity arising from the representation of frictional force by the sign function of the relative velocity. This problem is connected with dynamic behavior studies of base-isolated structures with dry friction devices.Mathematical evidence is presented concerning the inaccuracies of the solution which are connected with the representation of the frictional force by the sign function. An approximation of this sign model is made on the basis of the appropriate linearization of a small part of the frictional force function. A numerical algorithm for the dynamic analysis of base-isolated structures with dry friction is proposed. Numerical tests are carried out for establishing the exactness of the proposed techniques. The obtained results prove the accuracy of the techniques.     

偏微分方程数值解法在地学应用中的对比分析

在地学中广泛应用的偏微分方程数值解法有两种:有限差分法及有限单元法。对于定常态问题两种方法完全等价,对于非定常态问题有限单元法形成的代数方程归根到底仍是有限差分方程,但在一定条件下会引起反常问题,原因是与代数组相容的不是原来的热传导方程,而是反热传导方程。     

平行走滑断层相互作用的粘弹模型和减震作用

研究了二维粘弹性介质中平行走滑断层的相互力学作用及其地震活动性的影响。当一条断层发生滑动,将导致平行断层面上剪切应力减小,因此,可能推迟平行断层发生滑动,推迟时间在几年至几百年的范围内,这取决于发生滑动的断层与平行断层之间的距离,以及平行断层自身应力积累孕育地震过程经历的时间。     

Groebner-basis solution of the three-dimensional resection problem (P4P)

The three-dimensional (3-D) resection problem is usually solved by first obtaining the distances connecting the unknown point P{X,Y,Z} to the known points P_i{X_i,Y_i,Z_i}i=1,2,3 through the solution of the three nonlinear Grunert equations and then using the obtained distances to determine the position {X,Y,Z} and the 3-D orientation parameters {,, }. Starting from the work of the German J. A. Grunert (1841), the Grunert equations have been solved in several substitutional steps and the desire as evidenced by several publications has been to reduce these number of steps. Similarly, the 3-D ranging step for position determination which follows the distance determination step involves the solution of three nonlinear ranging (`Bogenschnitt') equations solved in several substitution steps. It is illustrated how the algebraic technique of Groebner basis solves explicitly the nonlinear Grunert distance equations and the nonlinear 3-D ranging (`Bogenschnitt') equations in a single step once the equations have been converted into algebraic (polynomial) form. In particular, the algebraic tool of the Groebner basis provides symbolic solutions to the problem of 3-D resection. The various forward and backward substitution steps inherent in the classical closed-form solutions of the problem are avoided. Similar to the Gauss elimination technique in linear systems of equations, the Groebner basis eliminates several variables in a multivariate system of nonlinear equations in such a manner that the end product normally consists of a univariate polynomial whose roots can be determined by existing programs e.g. by using the roots command in Matlab.Acknowledgments.The first author wishes to acknowledge the support of JSPS (Japan Society of Promotion of Science) for the financial support that enabled the completion of the write-up of the paper at Kyoto University, Japan. The author is further grateful for the warm welcome and the good working atmosphere provided by his hosts Professors S. Takemoto and Y. Fukuda of the Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.     

A remote sensing model for monitoring soil evaporation based on differential thermal inertia and its validation

To develop geosciences quantification and multi-dimensional researches will be an inevitable trend in the 21st century. The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere not only serves as an important component in geosciences quantification, bu…