海河流域滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水中农药污染及分布特征

地下水是海河流域滹沱河冲洪积扇重要的饮用水水源,农业种植过程中施用的农药会导致地下水污染,该地区地下水中农药的污染调查工作相对匮乏。为了研究滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水中农药的污染及分布特征,本文利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了30组地下水样品中75种农药组分,用统计学方法对结果进行分析。结果显示:30个采样点中均有农药检出,检测的75种农药中检出40种,有机氯、有机磷、有机氮三类均有检出。检出率最高的为3-羟基呋喃丹(93.3%)、敌杀磷(90.0%)、地茂散(90.0%),30个样品检出浓度之和最大的为呋喃丹(4860.6ng/L)。研究区内三类农药平均检出浓度有机氯(70.8ng/L)有机磷(392.7ng/L)有机氮(580.9ng/L),这主要与三类农药的使用历程和性质相关:有机氯类农药由于其高毒、难降解等特性在1983年被禁用;21世纪初,相对高效、易降解的有机磷类和有机氮类农药应用广泛。三类农药的空间分布特征为从冲洪积扇顶部到中部,农药含量逐渐减少,这主要受冲洪积扇水文地质特征的影响。研究区内HCHs来源为近期林丹使用或HCHs工业降解,DDTs来源为新DDT源的释放或历史上的使用。研究结果可为我国地下水农药的污染监测和地下水相关标准制定提供数据支撑。     

惠民凹陷西部沙四下亚段冲积扇沉积类型与成因分析

本文在岩心观察和描述的基础上,结合地震、测井等资料及平面上砂体的分布形态,对惠民凹陷西部沙四下亚段的沉积特征及成因进行了研究。认为研究区沙四下亚段主要发育冲积扇沉积的泥石流扇和辫状河扇两种类型,共识别出了6种沉积微相。宁南断层和无南断层下降盘发育大面积的辫状河扇沉积。砂体垂直岸线分布,延伸距离较远。平面上分布呈扇形,沉积相带分异不明显,主要沉积微相为辫状河道、河道砂坝与河道间沉积。邻近齐广断层断崖处发育泥石流扇沉积,砂体不甚发育,与辫状河扇相比,该沉积类型砾岩富集,扇体规模较小。相带变化比较明显,主要沉积微相为泥石流沉积、河道沉积与漫流沉积。该沉积体系的形成主要受构造活动、古地貌、物源区性质与古气候等因素的影响,断裂活动是该沉积体系形成的决定性因素。     

泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带核桃园组沉积体系研究

对泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带古近系核桃园组砂层组沉积体系进行了研究,认为研究区核桃园组属扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系。根据沉积环境和沉积物特征可划分为扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘及前扇三角洲亚相,以三角洲前缘亚相为沉积主体。湖泊沉积体系可分为浅湖亚相、半深湖、深湖亚相。沉积物主要来源于平氏、杨桥南部。     

大民屯凹陷古近系沙河街组三段扇三角洲前缘沉积生物扰动特征

为探究陆相扇三角洲前缘沉积生物扰动特征,以辽河拗陷大民屯凹陷沈检5井古近系沙河街组三段扇三角洲前缘沉积岩芯为研究对象,对生物遗迹化石进行了鉴定,统计了垂向剖面上生物扰动层厚度和扰动指数的分布特征.依据主微量元素参数反映的沉积条件,探讨了生物扰动层厚度和扰动指数与沉积环境的响应关系.研究结果表明,沈检5井S34Ⅱ和S34...     

Depositional character of a dry-climate alluvial fan system from Palaeoproterozoic rift setting using facies architecture and palaeohydraulics: Example from the Par Formation,Gwalior Group,central India

The ∼20 m thick coarse-grained clastic succession in the basal part of Palaeoproterozoic Par Formation, Gwalior Group has been investigated using process-based sedimentology and deductive palaeohydraulics. Bounded between granitic basement at its base and shallow marine succession at the top, the studied stratigraphic interval represents products of an alluvial fan and its strike-wise co-existent braided river system that possibly acted as a tributary for the fan. Detailed facies, facies association analysis allowed identification of two anatomical parts for the fan system viz. proximal and mid fan. While thin proximal fan is represented by products of rock avalanche and hyperconcentrated flows with widely varying rheology, the mid fan is represented by products of sheet floods and flows within streamlets. The interpretation found support from palaeoslope estimation carried out on the fluvial part of the mid fan that plot dominantly within the alluvial fan field demarcated by Blair and McPherson (1994). Dry climatic condition suggested from dominance of stream flow over mass flow deposition within the Par alluvial fan. Strike-wise, the fan is discontinuous and juxtaposed with a braid plain system. In contrast to the fluvial part of fan system, the palaeoslope data from the braid plain system dominantly plot within the ‘natural depositional gap’ defined by Blair and McPherson. A raised palaeoslope for the river systems, as suggested from Proterozoic braid plain deposits around the Globe, is found valid for the Par braid plain system as well. From preponderance of granular and sandy sediments within the alluvial fan and braid plain systems and a pervasive north-westward palaeocurrent pattern within the fluvial systems the present study infers a gently sloping bevelled source area in the south-southeast of the basin with occurrence of steep cliffs only locally.