青海省宗马海湖地区始新—中新统干柴沟组沉积相探析

宗马海湖地区位于柴达木盆地的北缘,有着良好的油气、钾盐勘探前景。该文在分析柴达木盆地北缘宗马海湖地区区域地质背景的基础上,对始新-中新统干柴沟组的岩石学特征、地层特征、沉积构造特征及沉积相等进行了较为深入的研究。干柴沟组沉积相以滨湖亚相、浅湖亚相及扇三角洲相为主,滨-浅亚湖沉积发育最为广泛。扇三角洲相具牵引流、重力流沉积特征,中、粗粒碎屑岩为主;滨湖亚相具较高流态的水动力条件,以砂和粉砂为主,砂泥间互层频繁;浅湖亚相以泥质沉积为主,显示低能的浅水静态沉积作用。文中总结了研究区干柴沟组沉积期沉积相演化特征,建立了干柴沟沉积相平面展布图;干柴沟组沉积相的形成与季节性变化息息相关,湖水上涨、后退导致北部山区扇三角洲较发育,而南部区域始终位于滨、浅湖环境中。     

Organohalogen compounds in deep-sea fishes from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, Japan: Contamination status and bioaccumulation profiles

Twelve species of deep-sea fishes collected in 2005 from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, Japan were analyzed for organohalogen compounds. Among the compounds analyzed, concentrations of DDTs and PCBs (up to 23,000 and 12,400 ng/g lipid wt, respectively) were the highest. The present study is the foremost to report the occurrence of brominated flame retardants such as PBDEs and HBCDs in deep-sea organisms from the North Pacific region. Significant positive correlations found between δ¹⁵N (‰) and PCBs, DDTs and PBDEs suggest the high biomagnification potential of these contaminants in food web. The large variation in δ¹³C (‰) values observed between the species indicate multiple sources of carbon in the food web and specific accumulation of hydrophobic organohalogen compounds in benthic dwelling carnivore species like snubnosed eel. The results obtained in this study highlight the usefulness of deep-sea fishes as sentinel species to monitor the deep-sea environment.     

异地碳酸盐岩块体与碳酸盐岩重力流沉积研究及展望

异地碳酸盐岩块体是指已固结或半固结的、经过一定距离搬运再沉积而产于正常沉积地层中规模 较大的碳酸盐岩块,它和碳酸盐岩重力流沉积均属于再沉积碳酸盐岩。文章分析了岩崩、岩屑崩坍、海底滑坡、 滑塌和碎屑流沉积的过程,讨论了异地碳酸盐岩块体的沉积机制;归纳了异地碳酸盐岩块体形成的主要地质背 景,认为异地碳酸盐岩块体可见于活动大陆边缘、被动大陆边缘、海山和前陆盆地等地质环境中;着重介绍了 异地碳酸盐岩块体和碳酸盐岩重力流沉积的研究进展,即线源式的碳酸盐岩裙沉积和点源式的碳酸盐岩海底扇 沉积;最后,阐释了滑来岩块、滑塌堆积和碎屑流沉积的区别与联系,总结了孤立碳酸盐岩块体的搬运沉积机 制,对比区分了碳酸盐岩裙沉积和碳酸盐岩海底扇的沉积特征,认为它们在斜坡环境、沉积物类型和沉积特征 等方面存在诸多不同。     

The role of long‐term human impact on avulsion and fan development

This study aims to understand (mainly qualitatively) the long‐term role of human impact on avulsion processes and the development of fluvial (mega‐) fans in semi‐arid environments. In this paper we refer to human impact as the direct influences of actions on the river's hydraulics (i.e. flow regulation, flow diversion and channel engineering). In five case‐studies drawn from the Khuzestan plains in southwest Iran we have analysed the setup and triggering conditions of specific avulsions that occurred in the past (timescale of millennia) and identified the role of human interference in their causation. Our analysis is based on the integration of historical, archaeological, geomorphological and geological data. Through this study we demonstrate that avulsions in the Khuzestan plains are the result of long‐term and complex interplay between multiple human‐induced and natural causes. In similar ways human‐induced actions may play important roles during different phases of avulsion development. The ‘success‘ of an avulsion in the post‐triggering phase may be defined by human‐induced setup causes as well as morphodynamic processes. We suggest that present‐day flood events may be partly inherited from long‐term human alterations of the natural processes. These finding could have implications for any fluvial system (e.g. distributive fluvial systems, deltas) where avulsion plays a major role in their development and research tends to emphasize on natural mechanisms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冲积扇沉积构型研究进展*

冲积扇是发育于盆地边缘的一种重要的沉积相类型。近20年来,在冲积扇分布的控制作用、内部构型及储集层特征研究等方面取得了很大的进展:(1)深化了断层活动、物源岩性条件及不同级次基准面旋回对冲积扇沉积构型的控制作用机理;(2)建立了碎屑流主控、碎屑流与河流主控、河流主控的冲积扇以及末端扇的沉积构型模式;(3)分析了冲积扇沉积机制及沉积构型对储集层质量的控制作用。今后有必要充分应用水槽模拟实验、沉积数值模拟和探地雷达等先进技术,对冲积扇沉积过程、内部构型及储集层非均质性进行更为深入的研究。     

二连盆地白音查干凹陷早白垩世腾格尔组沉积特征及物源探讨

根据岩芯、录测井、地震以及其它分析化验资料,对白音查于凹陷早白垩世腾格尔组的沉积特征、沉积相类型及其分布规律进行了详细研究.结果表明,腾格尔组发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖泊和浊积扇4种沉积相类型,扇三角洲分布在北部陡坡带,辫状河三角洲分布在南部缓坡带,从盆地边缘到盆地中心,沉积相由扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲沉积逐渐转变为半深湖-深湖沉积,在三角洲侧翼发育滨-浅湖相沉积,在三角洲前缘、前三角洲以及半深湖中发育浊积扇沉积,整体呈东西洼凸相问、南北隆凹成带的格局,这种沉积格局受盆地周边断层和古地形控制.利用岩石组分和重矿物成分进行物源分析,认为白音查干凹陷沉积物丰要来自凹陷北部的巴音宝力格降起和凹陷南部的赛呼都格凸起方向,并具有多期次、阵发性、近物源的特点,母岩岩性主要为沉积岩,其次为岩浆岩,见少量变质岩.     

滇东南法郎组含锰地层沉积相分析

滇东南中三叠统法郎组是重要的含锰地层,前人对其沉积环境的认识却存在着深水浊流沉积和浅水潮坪沉积的争议。本文通过对建水-开远地区典型剖面的研究,认为法郎组为浊积扇沉积。法郎组底部为碳酸盐滑塌沉积、碎眉流沉积与泥岩粉砂岩互层,中上部逐渐由外扇渐变为中扇辫状水道和辫状水道间沉积,顶部为内扇补给水道和溢岸沉积。相对海水深度总体表现为在拉丁早期逐渐加深,到拉丁中晚期有逐渐变浅。锰矿层主要发育在底部的碎屑流沉积中,其彤成可能与拉丁早期相对水深的增高有关。     

Tectonic and climatic controls on late Quaternary bajada sedimentation along Narmada-Son Fault(NSF),Gujarat,Western India

An alluvial bajada has been recognized along a part of the active Narmada-Son Fault(NSF) and confined by the Karjan River on the eastern side and by the Madhumati River on western side.The bajada sequence exposed along the incised cliffs of various north flowing parallel streams has been studied in their proximal,medial and distal part. The sediments are characterized on the basis of grain size,fabric,sedimentary structures,bed geometry and sorting, and lithologs prepared from the mapped cliff sections.Detailed study of sedimentary characteristics,lithofacies analysis and facies associations indicate that sediments are mainly of three types-sediments that were deposited by debris flows and sediment gravity flows,and as extensive bar deposits.Three major aggredational sequences are recognized.Each sequence is composed of coarsening-upward sequence of proximal facies overlain by fining-upward sequence of distal facies.Coarsening upward sequence record periods of tectonic activity related to uplift along the NSF and fan progradation,whereas fining-upward sequence results from tectonic quiescence periods.The presence of rhizocretions,calcium carbonate nodules and calcite sheets within the basal debris flow and sediment gravity flow indicate semi-arid climate,whereas the formation of pedoginized paleosol indicate relatively wetter climate prevailing in the study area.Tectonic activity along the NSF has played dominant role by controlling the geometry and volume of bajada sediments.Climate is found to be responsible for compositional and temporal distribution of bajada sediments.OSL dating suggests that the bajada sediments were deposited during the later part of late Pleistocene.The incision of the sediments is attributed to uplift due to inversion of the lower Narmada basin during the early Holocene.     

风机节能技术应用与经济性对比

主要针对300MW级循环流化床锅炉一、二次离心风机的几种调速节能方式进行比较,针对电厂普遍采用的变频器和液力耦合器调速的经济性进行了探讨、对比。     

成都平原土壤中Cd的空间分布与第四纪单元响应分析

通过样品采集和室内分析,研究了成都平原区土壤中Cd高含量区的区域分布特征和第四纪分布的空间响应关联。在绵远河、石亭江流域冲积物中存在Cd含量高值区。在同一流域Ⅰ、Ⅱ级阶地→Ⅲ级阶地→Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级阶地冲积物中Cd含量逐渐降低。发育于龙门山的河流(绵远河、石亭江)沉积物Cd含量显著高于其他水系沉积物。Cd高含量分布区与不同级次的阶地相吻合的特征表明其控制因素显著,属于地质作用的产物。这一结论与多数研究者认为的人为因素引起的具有根本区别。