中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析

自20世纪90年代以来,反射地震波法作为一种主要的超前探测技术在我国国内隧道及井巷工程中取得了诸多成功应用的探测实例,同时在应用中不同探测方法也存在不少问题。文章结合国内外超前探测中应用较为广泛的TSP法、负视速度法、HSP法、TRT法、ISIS系统等反射波探测技术加以阐明,分析了国内超前探测技术应用与研究的现状,指出隧道及井巷超前探测数据采集与处理过程中存在的不足,并进一步提出超前探测研究在正反演理论、数据采集、偏移成像技术等方面应该注意的问题,超前探测的目标是要建立和完善一套实时的巷道前方地质体的动态监测与预报系统。     

空间视图在图形数据更新中的应用研究

在研究Geodatabase数据模型的基础上,给出了空间视图的定义,探讨了基于空间视图的图形数据更新过程,设计了更新的结构图和活动图。     

DNQ3型能见度仪故障分析及校准方法研究

为有效提高国家地面气象观测站能见度仪观测数据准确性和设备运行稳定性,对能见度仪开展日常维护、核查校准、数据质控和故障修复等工作显得尤为重要。该文通过对DNQ3型前向散射能见度仪硬件结构和基本工作原理的介绍,以及对一些典型故障进行分析,总结出能见度仪的检测维修流程,归纳了对应的故障解决措施,凝练出该型能见度仪的核查校准和疑误数据质控方法,为一线业务人员开展能见度仪常规维护、故障排查、运行监控等提供借鉴。     

基于时空聚类的出租车载客热点区域挖掘研究

针对出租车运营过程缺少路径优化指导造成运营能力分布不均、空载率高的问题,本文以成都市安装有GPS设备的出租车所采集的轨迹数据为研究对象,以提高出租车效益为目标,采用了一种基于网格的出租车载客热点聚类算法,通过对出租车GPS轨迹数据进行处理和聚类分析,充分挖掘出租车载客热点区域,从而为出租车的运营者和管理者提供信息决策服务。     

Detection of coffee berry necrosis by digital image processing of landsat 8 oli satellite imagery

Coffee berry necrosis is a fungal disease that, at a high level, significantly affects coffee productivity. With the advent of surface mapping satellites, it was possible to obtain information about the spectral signature of the crop on a time scale pertinent to the monitoring and detection of plant phenological changes. The objective of this paper was to define the best machine learning algorithm that is able to classify the incidence CBN as a function of Landsat 8 OLI images in different atmospheric correction methods. Landsat 8 OLI images were acquired at the dates closest to sampling anthracnose field data at three times corresponding to grain filling period and were submitted to atmospheric corrections by DOS, ATCOR, and 6SV methods. The images classified by the algorithms of machine learning, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron and Naive Bayes were tested 30 times in random sampling. Given the overall accuracy of each test, the algorithms were evaluated using the Friedman and Nemenyi tests to identify the statistical difference in the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the overall accuracy and the balanced accuracy index were on an average around 0.55 and 0.45, respectively, for the Naive Bayes and Multilayer Perceptron algorithms in the ATCOR atmospheric correction. According to the Friedman and Nemenyi tests, both algorithms were defined as the best classifiers. These results demonstrate that Landsat 8 OLI images were able to identify an incidence of the coffee berry necrosis by means of machine learning techniques, a fact that cannot be observed by the Pearson correlation.     

基于像元二分模型的地表植被覆盖度估算模块化设计与实现

地表植被覆盖度是的一种应用广泛的定量遥感产品,在水文、生态、区域变化等方面都具有重要的意义。像元二分模型是应用最多的一种遥感估算地表覆盖度的方法。目前,用遥感的方法进行地表植被覆盖度估算没有完整、系统的工具,用户只能逐步进行操作,效率低下,鉴于上述情况,本文运用IDL交互式数据语言,基于ENVI二次开发了一个植被覆盖度估算程序,取得了一定的成效,对遥感定量产品的生产、应用具有一定意义。     

黄土山区煤层群分层开采地表位移规律分析

为了研究黄土山区地形对煤层群开采地表位移的影响,以榆林某矿为地质原型,利用数值软件模拟地表为近水平、正坡、负坡、凸面和凹面五种地形条件下煤层群开采。结果表明:黄土山区地形的变化,对煤层群开采顶板垂直应力影响不明显,对地表位移影响较大;单向坡开采,斜坡滑移引起的下沉量在坡顶与开采沉陷量形成“叠加”,在坡底形成“抵消”;在组合坡中,煤层群开采地表位移量相差很大,说明在变坡点附近地表位移较为复杂。     

Impact Compressive Creep Characteristics of Simulative Soil for Deep-Sea Sediment

The impact load (equivalent impact height) applied to deep-sea sediment by a walking mining machine was first deduced by the energy conservation principle, and the simulative soil was prepared based on the deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific C-C mining area. The self-designed impact compressive creep tests of the simulative soil were conducted under different ground stresses and impact heights, in order to determine impact compressive creep parameters using a K-H rheological model. Test results show that the impact compressive creep curves have three similar creep stages (transient creep, unstable creep, and stable creep) to static compressive creep curves, where the transient creep deformation and total deformation at the unstable creep stage decrease with the impact load. Among the three impact compressive creep parameters (K₁, K₂, β) of the simulative soil, K₁ is first increased with impact height and finally fluctuated to a certain stable value, while K₂ and β are approximately linearly increased with impact height. The maximum subsidence of the mining machine under a specific designed ground stress and walking velocity predicted by the impact compressive creep constitutive equation can be used for safety assessment of the mining machine.     

履带式深海采矿车软底质行走性能分析

海底底质的物理力学参数不同于陆地土壤,其极低的抗剪强度和承压强度对深海采矿车的行走性能提出高要求。分析基于车辆地面力学理论,开展了底质土力学特性试验研究,建立了深海底质力学模型。根据深海重载作业采矿车样机结构参数,在大型动力学仿真软件Recurdyn中建立了仿真模型。通过直线行走多体动力学仿真与直线行走海试试验的对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。在此基础上开展了采矿车样机在深海软底质上的多种行走工况动力学仿真,分析与评价其行走性能。结果表明,采矿车样机可以顺利完成转弯、爬坡、越障等基本功能。该研究成果可为深海采矿车海底行走性能评估提供理论参考,为深海采矿车和软底质的相互作用力学研究提供借鉴。