Monitoring dam structural health from space: Insights from novel InSAR techniques and multi-parametric modeling applied to the Pertusillo dam Basilicata,Italy

The availability of new constellations of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors is leading to important advances in infrastructure monitoring. These constellations offer the advantage of reduced revisit times, providing low-latency data that enable analysis that can identify infrastructure instability and dynamic deformation processes.In this paper we use COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) data to monitor seasonal induced deformation at the Pertusillo dam (Basilicata, Italy) using multi-temporal SAR data analysis. We analyzed 198 images spanning 2010–2015 using a coherent and incoherent PS approach to merge COSMO-SkyMed adjacent tracks and TerraSAR-X acquisitions, respectively. We used hydrostatic-seasonal-temporal (HST) and hydrostatic-temperature-temporal (HTT) models to interpret the non-linear deformation at the dam wall using ground measurements together with SAR time-series analysis. Different look geometries allowed us to characterize the horizontal deformation field typically observed at dams. Within the limits of our models and the SAR acquisition sampling we found that most of the deformation at the Pertusillo dam can be explained by taking into account only thermal seasonal dilation and hydrostatic pressure. The different models show slightly different results when interpreting the aging term at the dam wall. The results highlight how short-revisit SAR satellites in combination with models widely used in the literature for interpreting pendulum and GPS data can be used for supporting structural health monitoring and provide valuable information to ground users directly involved in field measurements.     

Long-wave seismic anisotropy of heterogeneous reservoirs

Borehole logs often show considerable variation over small lengths, consistent with fine layering of the formation. Elastic upscaling allows layering on a fine length scale to be replaced by thicker, homogeneous equivalent transversely isotropic layers, thus creating a model with far fewer layers. In this paper, the effect of inclusions of finite lateral extent on elastic upscaling is examined. For inclusions with a small thickness to width ratio, Backus averaging gives a good approximation to the long-wavelength elastic properties of the medium. However, for larger thickness to width ratios, the anisotropy of the medium can be significantly reduced. For inclusions that are long in comparison to their width, azimuthal anisotropy may result if the inclusions show a preferential orientation. This could result from the presence of flow during deposition. The azimuthal anisotropy increases with increasing thickness to width ratio of the inclusions, and vanishes when this ratio is zero. For larger thickness to width ratios, the magnitude of the azimuthal anisotropy may be of similar magnitude to that commonly seen in sedimentary basins. Azimuthal anisotropy is usually attributed to the presence of aligned fractures within the formation. The present results suggest a further source of azimuthal anisotropy that may be significant.     

Mutual Interference of Two Debris Flow Deposits Delivered in a Downstream River Reach

We investigate experimentally the depositions of two contiguous debris flows flowing into a main river reach.The aim of the present experimental research is to analyze the geometry and the mutual interactions of debris flow deposits conveyed by these tributaries in the main channel.A set of 19 experiments has been conducted considering three values of the confluence angle,two slopes of the tributary,and three different triggering conditions（debris flows occurring simultaneously in the tributaries,or occurring first either in the upstream or in the downstream tributary）.The flow rate along the main channel was always kept constant.During each experiment the two tributaries had the same slope and confluence angle.The analysis of the data collected during the experimental tests indicates that the volume of the debris fan is mainly controlled by the slope angle,as expected,while the shape of the debris deposit is strongly influenced by the confluence angle.Moreover,in the case of multiple debris flows,the deposit shape is sensitive to the triggering conditions.Critical index for damming formation available in literature has been considered and applied to the present case,and,on the basis of the collected data,considerations about possible extension of such indexes to the case of multiple confluences are finally proposed.     

基于光谱特征的三峡坝区水色要素反演

基于野外测定的水质参数,通过研究三峡坝区水体中水色要素浓度与反射率之间的关系,选择反演叶绿素、悬浮物、溶解性有机物的最佳波段,建立了反演水色要素浓度的遥感定量模型。研究表明,在波段比值的基础上进行幂次修正的波段组合反射率与SS浓度相关性较好(R2=0.76),可以用来估算悬浮物浓度;悬浮物浓度影响叶绿素浓度的反演精度,通过在模型中增加一个红绿波段比值指数项的方法能够抑制或削弱悬浮物的影响,提高了叶绿素浓度的反演精度(R2=0.75);DOC反演模型中,绿光波段与红光波段反射率的对数值能较好的估算DOC浓度,且与log(DOC)相关程度最高,决定系数为0.85,反演精度较高。     

FY3B/MERSI数据的湖泊湿地面积提取对比分析

针对国产风云三系列中分辨率卫星快速有效地进行水体识别的问题,基于2011—2016年数据进行了辽宁省主要湖泊水库的光谱分析,提出了晴空条件和有云情况下分别采用归一化水体指数方法和通道值与归一化水体指数相结合方法进行湖泊水库的提取。结果表明:FY3B/MERSI湖泊光谱曲线具有水体光谱特征,具体表现为8通道的数据反射率最高,18通道数据反射率最低。通过与49景TM数据水体提取结果进行对比,FY3B/MERSI数据水体提取的面积精度达到85%以上,总体分类精度达到90%以上,Kappa系数在0.56~0.95之间。提出了简便、快捷的计算模型,为国产卫星数据的业务应用提供了初步方法。     

关于长江三峡库区重庆段c、φ取值的探讨

基于滑坡参数取值对滑坡稳定性评价影响重大,本文运用各种方法对岩土力学参数指标c、φ取值问题开展研究。研究结果表明,综合运用多种方法,可以达到合理选择岩土的力学参数c、φ值的目的,避免人为降低设计参数、增大工程投资或c、φ取值偏高给工程安全带来隐患的问题。     

Evaluation and rehabilitation of dam seepage problems. A case study: Kafrein dam

The intention of this study is to locate the probable sources of the Kafrein dam seepage problem. A methodology known as excitation-response analysis will be considered. Analytical expressions, depicting the groundwater level response in the underlying aquifer as a result of changes in the reservoir water level, were derived from a linearized groundwater flow equation for one-dimensional semi-infinite, isotropic and homogeneous porous media. The results revealed that a large proportion of the seepage water originates from a site at a distance about 1 km from the observation point M1 and streamlines along the existing faults. Emphasis in this work was also placed on controling and mitigating the seepage problem.     

某水电站坝基软弱夹层参数取值

软弱夹层常常是制约工程建设的重要因素,本文分析了工程区软弱夹层的类型、成因及剪切应力-应变特征,并给出强度参考值。     

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Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

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